License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

31 files changed, 31 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/Kconfig b/arch/x86/xen/Kconfig
index 1ecd419811a2..f605825a04ab 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/Kconfig
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #
 # This Kconfig describes xen options
 #
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/Makefile b/arch/x86/xen/Makefile
index bced7a369a11..d83cb5478f54 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 OBJECT_FILES_NON_STANDARD_xen-asm_$(BITS).o := y
 OBJECT_FILES_NON_STANDARD_xen-pvh.o := y
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/apic.c b/arch/x86/xen/apic.c
index b5e48da7fbff..30434b8708f2 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/apic.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/apic.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/init.h>
 
 #include <asm/x86_init.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/debugfs.c b/arch/x86/xen/debugfs.c
index 1daff5545c0a..13da87918b4f 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/debugfs.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/debugfs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/debugfs.h b/arch/x86/xen/debugfs.h
index 12ebf3325c7b..6b813ad1091c 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/debugfs.h
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/debugfs.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _XEN_DEBUGFS_H
 #define _XEN_DEBUGFS_H
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/enlighten_pv.c b/arch/x86/xen/enlighten_pv.c
index 69b9deff7e5c..d4396e27b1fb 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/enlighten_pv.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/enlighten_pv.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Core of Xen paravirt_ops implementation.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/enlighten_pvh.c b/arch/x86/xen/enlighten_pvh.c
index 98ab17673454..7bd3ee08393e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/enlighten_pvh.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/enlighten_pvh.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/acpi.h>
 
 #include <xen/hvc-console.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/irq.c b/arch/x86/xen/irq.c
index d4eff5676cfa..74179852e46c 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/irq.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/irq.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/hardirq.h>
 
 #include <asm/x86_init.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/mmu.h b/arch/x86/xen/mmu.h
index 3fe2b3292915..a7e47cf7ec6c 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/mmu.h
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/mmu.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _XEN_MMU_H
 
 #include <linux/linkage.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/mmu_hvm.c b/arch/x86/xen/mmu_hvm.c
index 1c57f1cd545c..2cfcfe4f6b2a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/mmu_hvm.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/mmu_hvm.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/crash_dump.h>
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/multicalls.c b/arch/x86/xen/multicalls.c
index ea54a08d8301..dc502ca8263e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/multicalls.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/multicalls.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Xen hypercall batching.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/multicalls.h b/arch/x86/xen/multicalls.h
index 9c2e74f9096c..1c51b2c87f30 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/multicalls.h
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/multicalls.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _XEN_MULTICALLS_H
 #define _XEN_MULTICALLS_H
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/pmu.c b/arch/x86/xen/pmu.c
index b9fc52556bcc..7d00d4ad44d4 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/pmu.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/pmu.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/pmu.h b/arch/x86/xen/pmu.h
index 4be5355b56f7..0e83a160589b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/pmu.h
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/pmu.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __XEN_PMU_H
 #define __XEN_PMU_H
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/setup.c b/arch/x86/xen/setup.c
index ac55c02f98e9..c114ca767b3b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/setup.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/setup.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Machine specific setup for xen
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/smp.c b/arch/x86/xen/smp.c
index e7f02eb73727..77c959cf81e7 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/smp.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/smp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/smp.h>
 #include <linux/cpu.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/smp.h b/arch/x86/xen/smp.h
index 87d3c76cba37..bd02f9d50107 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/smp.h
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/smp.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _XEN_SMP_H
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/smp_hvm.c b/arch/x86/xen/smp_hvm.c
index fd60abedf658..f8d39440b292 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/smp_hvm.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/smp_hvm.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <asm/smp.h>
 
 #include <xen/events.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/smp_pv.c b/arch/x86/xen/smp_pv.c
index 51471408fdd1..05f91ce9b55e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/smp_pv.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/smp_pv.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Xen SMP support
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/spinlock.c b/arch/x86/xen/spinlock.c
index 25a7c4302ce7..08324c64005d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/spinlock.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/spinlock.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Split spinlock implementation out into its own file, so it can be
  * compiled in a FTRACE-compatible way.
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/suspend.c b/arch/x86/xen/suspend.c
index d6b1680693a9..92bf5ecb6baf 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/suspend.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/suspend.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/tick.h>
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/suspend_hvm.c b/arch/x86/xen/suspend_hvm.c
index 484999416d8b..e666b614cf6d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/suspend_hvm.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/suspend_hvm.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/types.h>
 
 #include <xen/xen.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/suspend_pv.c b/arch/x86/xen/suspend_pv.c
index 3abe4f07f34a..a2e0f110af56 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/suspend_pv.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/suspend_pv.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/types.h>
 
 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/time.c b/arch/x86/xen/time.c
index 1ecb05db3632..80c2a4bdf230 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/time.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/time.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Xen time implementation.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/trace.c b/arch/x86/xen/trace.c
index a702ec2f5931..329f60eb95de 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/trace.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/trace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
 #include <xen/interface/xen.h>
 #include <xen/interface/xen-mca.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/vga.c b/arch/x86/xen/vga.c
index 6722e3733f02..e336f223f7f4 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/vga.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/vga.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/screen_info.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/xen-asm.S b/arch/x86/xen/xen-asm.S
index dcd31fa39b5d..8019edd0125c 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/xen-asm.S
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/xen-asm.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Asm versions of Xen pv-ops, suitable for direct use.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/xen-asm_32.S b/arch/x86/xen/xen-asm_32.S
index 1200e262a116..c15db060a242 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/xen-asm_32.S
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/xen-asm_32.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Asm versions of Xen pv-ops, suitable for direct use.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/xen-asm_64.S b/arch/x86/xen/xen-asm_64.S
index dae2cc33afb5..c98a48c861fd 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/xen-asm_64.S
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/xen-asm_64.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Asm versions of Xen pv-ops, suitable for direct use.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/xen-head.S b/arch/x86/xen/xen-head.S
index a7525e95d53f..b5b8d7f43557 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/xen-head.S
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/xen-head.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* Xen-specific pieces of head.S, intended to be included in the right
 	place in head.S */
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/xen-ops.h b/arch/x86/xen/xen-ops.h
index c8a6d224f7ed..f377e1820c6c 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/xen-ops.h
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/xen-ops.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef XEN_OPS_H
 #define XEN_OPS_H