path: root/doc/coding-style.txt

Every project has its coding style, and oFono is not an exception. This
document describes the preferred coding style for oFono code, in order to keep
some level of consistency among developers so that code can be easily
understood and maintained, and also to help your code survive under
maintainer's fastidious eyes so that you can get a passport for your patch
ASAP.

First of all, oFono coding style must follow every rule for Linux kernel
(http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/CodingStyle). There also exists a tool
named checkpatch.pl to help you check the compliance with it. Just type
"checkpatch.pl --no-tree patch_name" to check your patch. In theory, you need
to clean up all the warnings and errors except this one: "ERROR: Missing
Signed-off-by: line(s)". oFono does not used Signed-Off lines, so including
them is actually an error.  In certain circumstances one can ignore the 80
character per line limit.  This is generally only allowed if the alternative
would make the code even less readable.

Besides the kernel coding style above, oFono has special flavors for its own.
Some of them are mandatory (marked as 'M'), while some others are optional
(marked as 'O'), but generally preferred.

M1: Blank line before and after an if/while/do/for statement
============================================================
There should be a blank line before if statement unless the if is nested and
not preceded by an expression or variable declaration.

Example:
1)
a = 1;
if (b) {  // wrong

2)
a = 1

if (b) {
}
a = 2;	// wrong

3)
if (a) {
	if (b)  // correct

4)
b = 2;

if (a) {	// correct

}

b = 3;

The only exception to this rule applies when a variable is being allocated:
array = g_try_new0(int, 20);
if (array == NULL)	// Correct
	return;


M2: Multiple line comment
=========================
If your comments have more then one line, please start it from the second line.

Example:
/*
 * first line comment	// correct
 * ...
 * last line comment
 */


M3: Space before and after operator
===================================
There should be a space before and after each operator.

Example:
a + b;  // correct


M4: Long condition
==================
If your condition in if, while, for statement is too long to fit in one line,
the new line needs to be indented not aligned with the body.

Example:
1)
if (call->status == CALL_STATUS_ACTIVE ||
	call->status == CALL_STATUS_HELD) {  // wrong
	ofono_dbus_dict_append();

2)
if (call->status == CALL_STATUS_ACTIVE ||
		call->status == CALL_STATUS_HELD) {  // correct
	ofono_dbus_dict_append();


M5: Git commit message 50/72 formatting
=======================================
The commit message header should be within 50 characters. And if you have
detailed explanatory text, wrap it to 72 character.


M6: Space when doing type casting
=================================
There should be a space between new type and variable.

Example:
1)
a = (int *)b;  // wrong
2)
a = (int *) b;  // correct


M7: Don't initialize variable unnecessarily
===========================================
When declaring a variable, try not to initialize it unless necessary.

Example:
int i = 1;  // wrong

for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
}


M8: Use g_try_malloc instead of g_malloc
========================================
When g_malloc fails, the whole program would exit. Most of time, this is not
the expected behavior, and you may want to use g_try_malloc instead.

Example:
additional = g_try_malloc(len - 1);  // correct
if (additional == NULL)
	return FALSE;


M9: Follow the order of include header elements
===============================================
When writing an include header the various elements should be in the following
order:
	- #includes
	- forward declarations
	- #defines
	- enums
	- typedefs
	- function declarations and inline function definitions


M10: Internal headers must not use include guards
=================================================
Any time when creating a new header file with non-public API, that header
must not contain include guards.


M11: Naming of enums
====================

Enums must have a descriptive name.  The enum type should be small caps and
it should not be typedef-ed.  Enum contents should be in CAPITAL letters and
prefixed by the enum type name.

Example:

enum animal_type {
	ANIMAL_TYPE_FOUR_LEGS,
	ANIMAL_TYPE_EIGHT_LEGS,
	ANIMAL_TYPE_TWO_LEGS,
};

If the enum contents have values (e.g. from specification) the preferred
formatting is as follows:

enum animal_type {
	ANIMAL_TYPE_FOUR_LEGS =		4,
	ANIMAL_TYPE_EIGHT_LEGS =	8,
	ANIMAL_TYPE_TWO_LEGS =		2,
};

M12: Enum as switch variable
====================

If the variable of a switch is an enum, you must not include a default in
switch body. The reason for this is: If later on you modify the enum by adding
a new type, and forget to change the switch accordingly, the compiler will
complain the new added type hasn't been handled.

Example:

enum animal_type {
	ANIMAL_TYPE_FOUR_LEGS =		4,
	ANIMAL_TYPE_EIGHT_LEGS =	8,
	ANIMAL_TYPE_TWO_LEGS =		2,
};

enum animal_type t;

switch (t) {
case ANIMAL_TYPE_FOUR_LEGS:
	...
	break;
case ANIMAL_TYPE_EIGHT_LEGS:
	...
	break;
case ANIMAL_TYPE_TWO_LEGS:
	...
	break;
default:  // wrong
	break;
}

O1: Shorten the name
====================
Better to use abbreviation, rather than full name, to name a variable,
function, struct, etc.

Example:
supplementary_service  // too long
ss  // better


O2: Try to avoid complex if body
================================
It's better not to have a complicated statement for if. You may judge its
contrary condition and return | break | continue | goto ASAP.

Example:
1)
if (a) {  // worse
	struct voicecall *v;
	call = synthesize_outgoing_call(vc, vc->pending);
	v = voicecall_create(vc, call);
	v->detect_time = time(NULL);
	DBG("Registering new call: %d", call->id);
	voicecall_dbus_register(v);
} else
	return;

2)
if (!a)
	return;

struct voicecall *v;
call = synthesize_outgoing_call(vc, vc->pending);
v = voicecall_create(vc, call);
v->detect_time = time(NULL);
DBG("Registering new call: %d", call->id);
voicecall_dbus_register(v);