1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
|
config DEFCONFIG_LIST
string
depends on !UML
option defconfig_list
default "/lib/modules/$UNAME_RELEASE/.config"
default "/etc/kernel-config"
default "/boot/config-$UNAME_RELEASE"
default "arch/$ARCH/defconfig"
menu "General setup"
config EXPERIMENTAL
bool "Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers"
---help---
Some of the various things that Linux supports (such as network
drivers, file systems, network protocols, etc.) can be in a state
of development where the functionality, stability, or the level of
testing is not yet high enough for general use. This is usually
known as the "alpha-test" phase among developers. If a feature is
currently in alpha-test, then the developers usually discourage
uninformed widespread use of this feature by the general public to
avoid "Why doesn't this work?" type mail messages. However, active
testing and use of these systems is welcomed. Just be aware that it
may not meet the normal level of reliability or it may fail to work
in some special cases. Detailed bug reports from people familiar
with the kernel internals are usually welcomed by the developers
(before submitting bug reports, please read the documents
<file:README>, <file:MAINTAINERS>, <file:REPORTING-BUGS>,
<file:Documentation/BUG-HUNTING>, and
<file:Documentation/oops-tracing.txt> in the kernel source).
This option will also make obsoleted drivers available. These are
drivers that have been replaced by something else, and/or are
scheduled to be removed in a future kernel release.
Unless you intend to help test and develop a feature or driver that
falls into this category, or you have a situation that requires
using these features, you should probably say N here, which will
cause the configurator to present you with fewer choices. If
you say Y here, you will be offered the choice of using features or
drivers that are currently considered to be in the alpha-test phase.
config BROKEN
bool
config BROKEN_ON_SMP
bool
depends on BROKEN || !SMP
default y
config LOCK_KERNEL
bool
depends on SMP || PREEMPT
default y
config INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
int
default 32 if !UML
default 128 if UML
help
Maximum of each of the number of arguments and environment
variables passed to init from the kernel command line.
config LOCALVERSION
string "Local version - append to kernel release"
help
Append an extra string to the end of your kernel version.
This will show up when you type uname, for example.
The string you set here will be appended after the contents of
any files with a filename matching localversion* in your
object and source tree, in that order. Your total string can
be a maximum of 64 characters.
config LOCALVERSION_AUTO
bool "Automatically append version information to the version string"
default y
help
This will try to automatically determine if the current tree is a
release tree by looking for git tags that belong to the current
top of tree revision.
A string of the format -gxxxxxxxx will be added to the localversion
if a git-based tree is found. The string generated by this will be
appended after any matching localversion* files, and after the value
set in CONFIG_LOCALVERSION.
(The actual string used here is the first eight characters produced
by running the command:
$ git rev-parse --verify HEAD
which is done within the script "scripts/setlocalversion".)
config SWAP
bool "Support for paging of anonymous memory (swap)"
depends on MMU && BLOCK
default y
help
This option allows you to choose whether you want to have support
for so called swap devices or swap files in your kernel that are
used to provide more virtual memory than the actual RAM present
in your computer. If unsure say Y.
config SYSVIPC
bool "System V IPC"
---help---
Inter Process Communication is a suite of library functions and
system calls which let processes (running programs) synchronize and
exchange information. It is generally considered to be a good thing,
and some programs won't run unless you say Y here. In particular, if
you want to run the DOS emulator dosemu under Linux (read the
DOSEMU-HOWTO, available from <http://www.tldp.org/docs.html#howto>),
you'll need to say Y here.
You can find documentation about IPC with "info ipc" and also in
section 6.4 of the Linux Programmer's Guide, available from
<http://www.tldp.org/guides.html>.
config SYSVIPC_SYSCTL
bool
depends on SYSVIPC
depends on SYSCTL
default y
config POSIX_MQUEUE
bool "POSIX Message Queues"
depends on NET && EXPERIMENTAL
---help---
POSIX variant of message queues is a part of IPC. In POSIX message
queues every message has a priority which decides about succession
of receiving it by a process. If you want to compile and run
programs written e.g. for Solaris with use of its POSIX message
queues (functions mq_*) say Y here.
POSIX message queues are visible as a filesystem called 'mqueue'
and can be mounted somewhere if you want to do filesystem
operations on message queues.
If unsure, say Y.
config BSD_PROCESS_ACCT
bool "BSD Process Accounting"
help
If you say Y here, a user level program will be able to instruct the
kernel (via a special system call) to write process accounting
information to a file: whenever a process exits, information about
that process will be appended to the file by the kernel. The
information includes things such as creation time, owning user,
command name, memory usage, controlling terminal etc. (the complete
list is in the struct acct in <file:include/linux/acct.h>). It is
up to the user level program to do useful things with this
information. This is generally a good idea, so say Y.
config BSD_PROCESS_ACCT_V3
bool "BSD Process Accounting version 3 file format"
depends on BSD_PROCESS_ACCT
default n
help
If you say Y here, the process accounting information is written
in a new file format that also logs the process IDs of each
process and it's parent. Note that this file format is incompatible
with previous v0/v1/v2 file formats, so you will need updated tools
for processing it. A preliminary version of these tools is available
at <http://www.physik3.uni-rostock.de/tim/kernel/utils/acct/>.
config TASKSTATS
bool "Export task/process statistics through netlink (EXPERIMENTAL)"
depends on NET
default n
help
Export selected statistics for tasks/processes through the
generic netlink interface. Unlike BSD process accounting, the
statistics are available during the lifetime of tasks/processes as
responses to commands. Like BSD accounting, they are sent to user
space on task exit.
Say N if unsure.
config TASK_DELAY_ACCT
bool "Enable per-task delay accounting (EXPERIMENTAL)"
depends on TASKSTATS
help
Collect information on time spent by a task waiting for system
resources like cpu, synchronous block I/O completion and swapping
in pages. Such statistics can help in setting a task's priorities
relative to other tasks for cpu, io, rss limits etc.
Say N if unsure.
config TASK_XACCT
bool "Enable extended accounting over taskstats (EXPERIMENTAL)"
depends on TASKSTATS
help
Collect extended task accounting data and send the data
to userland for processing over the taskstats interface.
Say N if unsure.
config TASK_IO_ACCOUNTING
bool "Enable per-task storage I/O accounting (EXPERIMENTAL)"
depends on TASK_XACCT
help
Collect information on the number of bytes of storage I/O which this
task has caused.
Say N if unsure.
config USER_NS
bool "User Namespaces (EXPERIMENTAL)"
default n
depends on EXPERIMENTAL
help
Support user namespaces. This allows containers, i.e.
vservers, to use user namespaces to provide different
user info for different servers. If unsure, say N.
config AUDIT
bool "Auditing support"
depends on NET
help
Enable auditing infrastructure that can be used with another
kernel subsystem, such as SELinux (which requires this for
logging of avc messages output). Does not do system-call
auditing without CONFIG_AUDITSYSCALL.
config AUDITSYSCALL
bool "Enable system-call auditing support"
depends on AUDIT && (X86 || PPC || PPC64 || S390 || IA64 || UML || SPARC64)
default y if SECURITY_SELINUX
help
Enable low-overhead system-call auditing infrastructure that
can be used independently or with another kernel subsystem,
such as SELinux. To use audit's filesystem watch feature, please
ensure that INOTIFY is configured.
config IKCONFIG
tristate "Kernel .config support"
---help---
This option enables the complete Linux kernel ".config" file
contents to be saved in the kernel. It provides documentation
of which kernel options are used in a running kernel or in an
on-disk kernel. This information can be extracted from the kernel
image file with the script scripts/extract-ikconfig and used as
input to rebuild the current kernel or to build another kernel.
It can also be extracted from a running kernel by reading
/proc/config.gz if enabled (below).
config IKCONFIG_PROC
bool "Enable access to .config through /proc/config.gz"
depends on IKCONFIG && PROC_FS
---help---
This option enables access to the kernel configuration file
through /proc/config.gz.
config LOG_BUF_SHIFT
int "Kernel log buffer size (16 => 64KB, 17 => 128KB)"
range 12 21
default 17 if S390 || LOCKDEP
default 16 if X86_NUMAQ || IA64
default 15 if SMP
default 14
help
Select kernel log buffer size as a power of 2.
Defaults and Examples:
17 => 128 KB for S/390
16 => 64 KB for x86 NUMAQ or IA-64
15 => 32 KB for SMP
14 => 16 KB for uniprocessor
13 => 8 KB
12 => 4 KB
config CGROUPS
bool "Control Group support"
help
This option will let you use process cgroup subsystems
such as Cpusets
Say N if unsure.
config CPUSETS
bool "Cpuset support"
depends on SMP && CGROUPS
help
This option will let you create and manage CPUSETs which
allow dynamically partitioning a system into sets of CPUs and
Memory Nodes and assigning tasks to run only within those sets.
This is primarily useful on large SMP or NUMA systems.
Say N if unsure.
config FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
bool "Fair group CPU scheduler"
default y
depends on EXPERIMENTAL
help
This feature lets CPU scheduler recognize task groups and control CPU
bandwidth allocation to such task groups.
choice
depends on FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
prompt "Basis for grouping tasks"
default FAIR_USER_SCHED
config FAIR_USER_SCHED
bool "user id"
help
This option will choose userid as the basis for grouping
tasks, thus providing equal CPU bandwidth to each user.
endchoice
config SYSFS_DEPRECATED
bool "Create deprecated sysfs files"
default y
help
This option creates deprecated symlinks such as the
"device"-link, the <subsystem>:<name>-link, and the
"bus"-link. It may also add deprecated key in the
uevent environment.
None of these features or values should be used today, as
they export driver core implementation details to userspace
or export properties which can't be kept stable across kernel
releases.
If enabled, this option will also move any device structures
that belong to a class, back into the /sys/class hierarchy, in
order to support older versions of udev.
If you are using a distro that was released in 2006 or later,
it should be safe to say N here.
config PROC_PID_CPUSET
bool "Include legacy /proc/<pid>/cpuset file"
depends on CPUSETS
default y
config RELAY
bool "Kernel->user space relay support (formerly relayfs)"
help
This option enables support for relay interface support in
certain file systems (such as debugfs).
It is designed to provide an efficient mechanism for tools and
facilities to relay large amounts of data from kernel space to
user space.
If unsure, say N.
config BLK_DEV_INITRD
bool "Initial RAM filesystem and RAM disk (initramfs/initrd) support"
depends on BROKEN || !FRV
help
The initial RAM filesystem is a ramfs which is loaded by the
boot loader (loadlin or lilo) and that is mounted as root
before the normal boot procedure. It is typically used to
load modules needed to mount the "real" root file system,
etc. See <file:Documentation/initrd.txt> for details.
If RAM disk support (BLK_DEV_RAM) is also included, this
also enables initial RAM disk (initrd) support and adds
15 Kbytes (more on some other architectures) to the kernel size.
If unsure say Y.
if BLK_DEV_INITRD
source "usr/Kconfig"
endif
config CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE
bool "Optimize for size (Look out for broken compilers!)"
default y
depends on ARM || H8300 || SUPERH || EXPERIMENTAL
help
Enabling this option will pass "-Os" instead of "-O2" to gcc
resulting in a smaller kernel.
WARNING: some versions of gcc may generate incorrect code with this
option. If problems are observed, a gcc upgrade may be needed.
If unsure, say N.
config SYSCTL
bool
menuconfig EMBEDDED
bool "Configure standard kernel features (for small systems)"
help
This option allows certain base kernel options and settings
to be disabled or tweaked. This is for specialized
environments which can tolerate a "non-standard" kernel.
Only use this if you really know what you are doing.
config UID16
bool "Enable 16-bit UID system calls" if EMBEDDED
depends on ARM || BFIN || CRIS || FRV || H8300 || X86_32 || M68K || (S390 && !64BIT) || SUPERH || SPARC32 || (SPARC64 && SPARC32_COMPAT) || UML || (X86_64 && IA32_EMULATION)
default y
help
This enables the legacy 16-bit UID syscall wrappers.
config SYSCTL_SYSCALL
bool "Sysctl syscall support" if EMBEDDED
default y
select SYSCTL
---help---
sys_sysctl uses binary paths that have been found challenging
to properly maintain and use. The interface in /proc/sys
using paths with ascii names is now the primary path to this
information.
Almost nothing using the binary sysctl interface so if you are
trying to save some space it is probably safe to disable this,
making your kernel marginally smaller.
If unsure say Y here.
config KALLSYMS
bool "Load all symbols for debugging/ksymoops" if EMBEDDED
default y
help
Say Y here to let the kernel print out symbolic crash information and
symbolic stack backtraces. This increases the size of the kernel
somewhat, as all symbols have to be loaded into the kernel image.
config KALLSYMS_ALL
bool "Include all symbols in kallsyms"
depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && KALLSYMS
help
Normally kallsyms only contains the symbols of functions, for nicer
OOPS messages. Some debuggers can use kallsyms for other
symbols too: say Y here to include all symbols, if you need them
and you don't care about adding 300k to the size of your kernel.
Say N.
config KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS
bool "Do an extra kallsyms pass"
depends on KALLSYMS
help
If kallsyms is not working correctly, the build will fail with
inconsistent kallsyms data. If that occurs, log a bug report and
turn on KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS which should result in a stable build.
Always say N here unless you find a bug in kallsyms, which must be
reported. KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS is only a temporary workaround while
you wait for kallsyms to be fixed.
config HOTPLUG
bool "Support for hot-pluggable devices" if EMBEDDED
default y
help
This option is provided for the case where no hotplug or uevent
capabilities is wanted by the kernel. You should only consider
disabling this option for embedded systems that do not use modules, a
dynamic /dev tree, or dynamic device discovery. Just say Y.
config PRINTK
default y
bool "Enable support for printk" if EMBEDDED
help
This option enables normal printk support. Removing it
eliminates most of the message strings from the kernel image
and makes the kernel more or less silent. As this makes it
very difficult to diagnose system problems, saying N here is
strongly discouraged.
config BUG
bool "BUG() support" if EMBEDDED
default y
help
Disabling this option eliminates support for BUG and WARN, reducing
the size of your kernel image and potentially quietly ignoring
numerous fatal conditions. You should only consider disabling this
option for embedded systems with no facilities for reporting errors.
Just say Y.
config ELF_CORE
default y
bool "Enable ELF core dumps" if EMBEDDED
help
Enable support for generating core dumps. Disabling saves about 4k.
config BASE_FULL
default y
bool "Enable full-sized data structures for core" if EMBEDDED
help
Disabling this option reduces the size of miscellaneous core
kernel data structures. This saves memory on small machines,
but may reduce performance.
config FUTEX
bool "Enable futex support" if EMBEDDED
default y
select RT_MUTEXES
help
Disabling this option will cause the kernel to be built without
support for "fast userspace mutexes". The resulting kernel may not
run glibc-based applications correctly.
config ANON_INODES
bool
config EPOLL
bool "Enable eventpoll support" if EMBEDDED
default y
select ANON_INODES
help
Disabling this option will cause the kernel to be built without
support for epoll family of system calls.
config SIGNALFD
bool "Enable signalfd() system call" if EMBEDDED
select ANON_INODES
default y
help
Enable the signalfd() system call that allows to receive signals
on a file descriptor.
If unsure, say Y.
config TIMERFD
bool "Enable timerfd() system call" if EMBEDDED
select ANON_INODES
depends on BROKEN
default y
help
Enable the timerfd() system call that allows to receive timer
events on a file descriptor.
If unsure, say Y.
config EVENTFD
bool "Enable eventfd() system call" if EMBEDDED
select ANON_INODES
default y
help
Enable the eventfd() system call that allows to receive both
kernel notification (ie. KAIO) or userspace notifications.
If unsure, say Y.
config SHMEM
bool "Use full shmem filesystem" if EMBEDDED
default y
depends on MMU
help
The shmem is an internal filesystem used to manage shared memory.
It is backed by swap and manages resource limits. It is also exported
to userspace as tmpfs if TMPFS is enabled. Disabling this
option replaces shmem and tmpfs with the much simpler ramfs code,
which may be appropriate on small systems without swap.
config VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
default y
bool "Enable VM event counters for /proc/vmstat" if EMBEDDED
help
VM event counters are needed for event counts to be shown.
This option allows the disabling of the VM event counters
on EMBEDDED systems. /proc/vmstat will only show page counts
if VM event counters are disabled.
config SLUB_DEBUG
default y
bool "Enable SLUB debugging support" if EMBEDDED
depends on SLUB
help
SLUB has extensive debug support features. Disabling these can
result in significant savings in code size. This also disables
SLUB sysfs support. /sys/slab will not exist and there will be
no support for cache validation etc.
choice
prompt "Choose SLAB allocator"
default SLUB
help
This option allows to select a slab allocator.
config SLAB
bool "SLAB"
help
The regular slab allocator that is established and known to work
well in all environments. It organizes cache hot objects in
per cpu and per node queues. SLAB is the default choice for
a slab allocator.
config SLUB
bool "SLUB (Unqueued Allocator)"
help
SLUB is a slab allocator that minimizes cache line usage
instead of managing queues of cached objects (SLAB approach).
Per cpu caching is realized using slabs of objects instead
of queues of objects. SLUB can use memory efficiently
and has enhanced diagnostics.
config SLOB
depends on EMBEDDED
bool "SLOB (Simple Allocator)"
help
SLOB replaces the SLAB allocator with a drastically simpler
allocator. SLOB is more space efficient than SLAB but does not
scale well (single lock for all operations) and is also highly
susceptible to fragmentation. SLUB can accomplish a higher object
density. It is usually better to use SLUB instead of SLOB.
endchoice
endmenu # General setup
config RT_MUTEXES
boolean
select PLIST
config TINY_SHMEM
default !SHMEM
bool
config BASE_SMALL
int
default 0 if BASE_FULL
default 1 if !BASE_FULL
menuconfig MODULES
bool "Enable loadable module support"
help
Kernel modules are small pieces of compiled code which can
be inserted in the running kernel, rather than being
permanently built into the kernel. You use the "modprobe"
tool to add (and sometimes remove) them. If you say Y here,
many parts of the kernel can be built as modules (by
answering M instead of Y where indicated): this is most
useful for infrequently used options which are not required
for booting. For more information, see the man pages for
modprobe, lsmod, modinfo, insmod and rmmod.
If you say Y here, you will need to run "make
modules_install" to put the modules under /lib/modules/
where modprobe can find them (you may need to be root to do
this).
If unsure, say Y.
config MODULE_UNLOAD
bool "Module unloading"
depends on MODULES
help
Without this option you will not be able to unload any
modules (note that some modules may not be unloadable
anyway), which makes your kernel slightly smaller and
simpler. If unsure, say Y.
config MODULE_FORCE_UNLOAD
bool "Forced module unloading"
depends on MODULE_UNLOAD && EXPERIMENTAL
help
This option allows you to force a module to unload, even if the
kernel believes it is unsafe: the kernel will remove the module
without waiting for anyone to stop using it (using the -f option to
rmmod). This is mainly for kernel developers and desperate users.
If unsure, say N.
config MODVERSIONS
bool "Module versioning support"
depends on MODULES
help
Usually, you have to use modules compiled with your kernel.
Saying Y here makes it sometimes possible to use modules
compiled for different kernels, by adding enough information
to the modules to (hopefully) spot any changes which would
make them incompatible with the kernel you are running. If
unsure, say N.
config MODULE_SRCVERSION_ALL
bool "Source checksum for all modules"
depends on MODULES
help
Modules which contain a MODULE_VERSION get an extra "srcversion"
field inserted into their modinfo section, which contains a
sum of the source files which made it. This helps maintainers
see exactly which source was used to build a module (since
others sometimes change the module source without updating
the version). With this option, such a "srcversion" field
will be created for all modules. If unsure, say N.
config KMOD
bool "Automatic kernel module loading"
depends on MODULES
help
Normally when you have selected some parts of the kernel to
be created as kernel modules, you must load them (using the
"modprobe" command) before you can use them. If you say Y
here, some parts of the kernel will be able to load modules
automatically: when a part of the kernel needs a module, it
runs modprobe with the appropriate arguments, thereby
loading the module if it is available. If unsure, say Y.
config STOP_MACHINE
bool
default y
depends on (SMP && MODULE_UNLOAD) || HOTPLUG_CPU
help
Need stop_machine() primitive.
source "block/Kconfig"
config PREEMPT_NOTIFIERS
bool
|