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Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Add missing generated file msgque to .gitignore
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
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Currently, kselftest use TEST_PROGS, TEST_PROGS_EXTENDED, TEST_FILES to
indicate the test program, extended test program and test files. It is
easy to understand the purpose of these files. But mix of compiled and
uncompiled files lead to duplicated "all" and "clean" targets.
In order to remove the duplicated targets, introduce TEST_GEN_PROGS,
TEST_GEN_PROGS_EXTENDED, TEST_GEN_FILES to indicate the compiled
objects.
Also, the later patch will make use of TEST_GEN_XXX to redirect these
files to output directory indicated by KBUILD_OUTPUT or O.
And add this changes to "Contributing new tests(details)" of
Documentation/kselftest.txt.
Signed-off-by: Bamvor Jian Zhang <bamvor.zhangjian@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
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Only IPC selftest is missing the .gitignore file, so add it.
Also step_after_suspend_test is missing in breakpoints selftest
.gitignore file
Signed-off-by: Sudeep Holla <sudeep.holla@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
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Create the config file in each directory of testcase which need
more kernel configuration than the default defconfig. User could
use these configs with merge_config.sh script:
Enable config for specific testcase:
(export ARCH=xxx #for cross compiling)
./scripts/kconfig/merge_config.sh .config \
tools/testing/selftests/xxx/config
Enable configs for all testcases:
(export ARCH=xxx #for cross compiling)
./scripts/kconfig/merge_config.sh .config \
tools/testing/selftests/*/config
Signed-off-by: Bamvor Jian Zhang <bamvor.zhangjian@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Shuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
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Use the CC variable instead of hard coding gcc.
Signed-off-by: Tyler Baker <tyler.baker@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
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This adds a Make include file which most selftests can then include to
get the run_tests logic.
On its own this has the advantage of some reduction in repetition, and
also means the pass/fail message is defined in fewer places.
However the key advantage is it will allow us to implement install very
simply in a subsequent patch.
The default implementation just executes each program in $(TEST_PROGS).
We use a variable to hold the default implementation of $(RUN_TESTS)
because that gives us a clean way to override it if necessary, ie. using
override. The mount, memory-hotplug and mqueue tests use that to provide
a different implementation.
Tests are not run via /bin/bash, so if they are scripts they must be
executable, we add a+x to several.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
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Change ipc test to use kselftest framework to report
test results. With this change this test exits with
EXIT_FAIL instead of -errno. Changed print errno in
test fail messages to not loose that information.
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
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Fix the typo of ARCH when running 'make kselftests'. Change the 'X86'
to 'x86'. Test by compilation.
Signed-off-by: Phong Tran <tranmanphong@gmail.com>
Cc: David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah.kh@samsung.com>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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running as root
The test fails in the middle when it is not run as root while accessing
/proc/sys/kernel/msg_next_id. Changed it to check for root at the
beginning of the test and exit if not root.
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <shuah.kh@samsung.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Cc: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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A failed msgget causes the test to return an uninitialised value in ret.
Assign ret to -errno on error exit.
Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Acked-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Cc: Stanislav Kinsbursky <skinsbursky@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This test can be used to check wheither kernel supports IPC message queue
copy and restore features (required by CRIU project).
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Kinsbursky <skinsbursky@parallels.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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