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Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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To show how to enable a tracepoint and access its fields.
Committer note:
Testing it:
# ls -l /tmp/build/perf/python/perf.so
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 acme acme 1563256 Jul 12 16:19 /tmp/build/perf/python/perf.so
# export PYTHONPATH=/tmp/build/perf/python/
# tools/perf/python/tracepoint.py 2> /dev/null | head -200 | tail -10
time 76345337296548 prev_comm=swapper/0 prev_pid=0 prev_prio=120 prev_state=0x0 ==> next_comm=tracepoint.py- next_pid=18479 next_prio=120
time 76345338520479 prev_comm=gnome-shelln-b prev_pid=2186 prev_prio=120 prev_state=0x1 ==> next_comm=swapper/1 next_pid=0 next_prio=120
time 76345337309942 prev_comm=tracepoint.py- prev_pid=18479 prev_prio=120 prev_state=0x1 ==> next_comm=swapper/0 next_pid=0 next_prio=120
time 76345337312302 prev_comm=swapper/0 prev_pid=0 prev_prio=120 prev_state=0x0 ==> next_comm=tracepoint.py- next_pid=18479 next_prio=120
time 76345337324927 prev_comm=tracepoint.py- prev_pid=18479 prev_prio=120 prev_state=0x1 ==> next_comm=swapper/0 next_pid=0 next_prio=120
time 76345337327115 prev_comm=swapper/0 prev_pid=0 prev_prio=120 prev_state=0x0 ==> next_comm=tracepoint.py- next_pid=18479 next_prio=120
time 76345338621750 prev_comm=swapper/2 prev_pid=0 prev_prio=120 prev_state=0x0 ==> next_comm=rcuos/2 next_pid=29 next_prio=120
time 76345338607922 prev_comm=swapper/3 prev_pid=0 prev_prio=120 prev_state=0x0 ==> next_comm=rcu_sched next_pid=7 next_prio=120
time 76345337338817 prev_comm=tracepoint.py- prev_pid=18479 prev_prio=120 prev_state=0x1 ==> next_comm=swapper/0 next_pid=0 next_prio=120
time 76345338627156 prev_comm=swapper/1 prev_pid=0 prev_prio=120 prev_state=0x0 ==> next_comm=head-terminal- next_pid=18480 next_prio=120
#
# strip /tmp/build/perf/python/perf.so
# ls -l /tmp/build/perf/python/perf.so
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 acme acme 319616 Jul 12 16:25 /tmp/build/perf/python/perf.so
Reported-and-Tested-by: Jiri Pirko <jiri@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468148882-10362-10-git-send-email-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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To test it check tools/perf/python/twatch.py, after following the
instructions there to enable context_switch, output looks like:
[root@zoo linux]# tools/perf/python/twatch.py
cpu: 1, pid: 31463, tid: 31463 { type: context_switch, next_prev_pid: 31463, next_prev_tid: 31463, switch_out: 0 }
cpu: 2, pid: 31463, tid: 31496 { type: context_switch, next_prev_pid: 31463, next_prev_tid: 31496, switch_out: 0 }
cpu: 2, pid: 31463, tid: 31496 { type: context_switch, next_prev_pid: 31463, next_prev_tid: 31496, switch_out: 1 }
cpu: 3, pid: 31463, tid: 31527 { type: context_switch, next_prev_pid: 31463, next_prev_tid: 31527, switch_out: 0 }
cpu: 1, pid: 31463, tid: 31463 { type: context_switch, next_prev_pid: 31463, next_prev_tid: 31463, switch_out: 1 }
cpu: 3, pid: 31463, tid: 31527 { type: context_switch, next_prev_pid: 31463, next_prev_tid: 31527, switch_out: 1 }
cpu: 1, pid: 31463, tid: 31463 { type: context_switch, next_prev_pid: 31463, next_prev_tid: 31463, switch_out: 0 }
^CTraceback (most recent call last):
File "tools/perf/python/twatch.py", line 67, in <module>
main(context_switch = 1, thread = 31463)
File "tools/perf/python/twatch.py", line 40, in main
evlist.poll(timeout = -1)
KeyboardInterrupt
[root@zoo linux]#
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Guy Streeter <streeter@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-1ukistmpamc5z717k80ctcp2@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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To not sample, what we want are just the PERF_RECORD_ lifetime events
for threads, using the default, PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE +
PERF_COUNT_HW_CYCLES and freq=1 (the default), makes perf reenable
irq_vectors:local_timer_entry, disabling nohz, not good for some use
cases where all we want is to get notifications when threads comes and
goes...
Fix it by using PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE (no counter rotation) and
PERF_COUNT_SW_DUMMY (created by Adrian so that we could have access to
those PERF_RECORD_ goodies).
Reported-by: Luiz Fernando Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Jaroslav Skarvada <jskarvad@redhat.com>
Cc: Jeremy Eder <jeder@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-kfsijirfrs6xfhkcdxeoen06@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thiago Peixoto <thiagolcpeixoto@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-jurgz6myq125o1ql6lldh6f7@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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We want to be woken up for every PERF_RECORD_ event, attr.wakeup_events
is only for PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE, so also use attr.watermark = 1 to fix
that.
Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-v3lnpwgrr8mllcr3ntduuqvc@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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So that we don't have to pass it around to the several methods that
needs it, simplifying usage.
There is one case where we don't have the thread/cpu map in advance,
which is in the parsing routines used by top, stat, record, that we have
to wait till all options are parsed to know if a cpu or thread list was
passed to then create those maps.
For that case consolidate the cpu and thread map creation via
perf_evlist__create_maps() out of the code in top and record, while also
providing a perf_evlist__set_maps() for cases where multiple evlists
share maps or for when maps that represent CPU sockets, for instance,
get crafted out of topology information or subsets of threads in a
particular application are to be monitored, providing more granularity
in specifying which cpus and threads to monitor.
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Tom Zanussi <tzanussi@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <new-submission>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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First clarifying that this kind of binding is not a replacement or an
equivalent to the 'perf script' way of using python with perf.
The 'perf script' way is to process events and look at a given script
for some python function that matches the events to pass each event for
processing.
This is a python module, i.e. everything is driven from the python
script, that merely uses "import perf" or "from perf import".
perf script is focused on tracepoints, this binding is focused on profiling as
an initial target. More work is needed to make available tracepoint specific
variables as event variables accessible via this binding.
There is one example of such usage model, in
tools/perf/python/twatch.py, a tool to watch "cycles" events together
with task (fork, exit) and comm perf events.
For now, due to me not being able to grok how python distutils cope with
building C extensions outside the sources dir the install target just
builds it, I'm using it as:
[root@emilia linux]# export PYTHONPATH=~acme/git/build/perf/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/
[root@emilia linux]# tools/perf/python/twatch.py
cpu: 4, pid: 30126, tid: 30126 { type: mmap, pid: 30126, tid: 30126, start: 0x4, length: 0x82e9ca03, offset: 0, filename: }
cpu: 6, pid: 47, tid: 47 { type: mmap, pid: 47, tid: 47, start: 0x6, length: 0xbef87c36, offset: 0, filename: }
cpu: 1, pid: 0, tid: 0 { type: mmap, pid: 0, tid: 0, start: 0x1, length: 0x775d1904, offset: 0, filename: }
cpu: 7, pid: 0, tid: 0 { type: mmap, pid: 0, tid: 0, start: 0x7, length: 0xc750aeb6, offset: 0, filename: }
cpu: 5, pid: 2255, tid: 2255 { type: mmap, pid: 2255, tid: 2255, start: 0x5, length: 0x76669635, offset: 0, filename: }
cpu: 0, pid: 0, tid: 0 { type: mmap, pid: 0, tid: 0, start: 0, length: 0x6422ef6b, offset: 0, filename: }
cpu: 2, pid: 2255, tid: 2255 { type: mmap, pid: 2255, tid: 2255, start: 0x2, length: 0xe078757a, offset: 0, filename: }
cpu: 1, pid: 5769, tid: 5769 { type: fork, pid: 30127, ppid: 5769, tid: 30127, ptid: 5769, time: 103893991270534}
cpu: 6, pid: 30127, tid: 30127 { type: comm, pid: 30127, tid: 30127, comm: ls }
cpu: 6, pid: 30127, tid: 30127 { type: exit, pid: 30127, ppid: 30127, tid: 30127, ptid: 30127, time: 103893993273024}
The first 8 mmap events in this 8 way machine are a mistery that is still being
investigated.
More of the tools/perf/util/ APIs will be exposed via this python binding as
the need arises. For now the focus is on creating events and processing them,
symbol resolution is an obvious next step, with tracepoint variables as a close
second step.
Cc: Clark Williams <williams@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Tom Zanussi <tzanussi@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <new-submission>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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