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2017-11-02License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no licenseGreg Kroah-Hartman1-0/+1
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2016-06-06security: tomoyo: simplify the gc kthread creationMike Danese1-7/+2
The code is doing the equivalent of the kthread_run macro. Signed-off-by: Mike Danese <mikedanese@google.com> Acked-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
2011-10-12TOMOYO: Fix quota and garbage collector.Tetsuo Handa1-0/+7
Commit 059d84db "TOMOYO: Add socket operation restriction support" and commit 731d37aa "TOMOYO: Allow domain transition without execve()." forgot to update tomoyo_domain_quota_is_ok() and tomoyo_del_acl() which results in incorrect quota counting and memory leak. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2011-09-26TOMOYO: Remove tomoyo_policy_memory_lock spinlock.Tetsuo Handa1-1/+19
tomoyo_policy_lock mutex already protects it. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2011-09-26TOMOYO: Simplify garbage collector.Tetsuo Handa1-311/+169
When TOMOYO started using garbage collector at commit 847b173e "TOMOYO: Add garbage collector.", we waited for close() before kfree(). Thus, elements to be kfree()d were queued up using tomoyo_gc_list list. But it turned out that tomoyo_element_linked_by_gc() tends to choke garbage collector when certain pattern of entries are queued. Since garbage collector is no longer waiting for close() since commit 2e503bbb "TOMOYO: Fix lockdep warning.", we can remove tomoyo_gc_list list and tomoyo_element_linked_by_gc() by doing sequential processing. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2011-09-14TOMOYO: Add socket operation restriction support.Tetsuo Handa1-1/+39
This patch adds support for permission checks for PF_INET/PF_INET6/PF_UNIX socket's bind()/listen()/connect()/send() operations. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2011-09-14TOMOYO: Add environment variable name restriction support.Tetsuo Handa1-0/+9
This patch adds support for checking environment variable's names. Although TOMOYO already provides ability to check argv[]/envp[] passed to execve() requests, file execute /bin/sh exec.envp["LD_LIBRARY_PATH"]="bar" will reject execution of /bin/sh if environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH is not defined. To grant execution of /bin/sh if LD_LIBRARY_PATH is not defined, administrators have to specify like file execute /bin/sh exec.envp["LD_LIBRARY_PATH"]="/system/lib" file execute /bin/sh exec.envp["LD_LIBRARY_PATH"]=NULL . Since there are many environment variables whereas conditional checks are applied as "&&", it is difficult to cover all combinations. Therefore, this patch supports conditional checks that are applied as "||", by specifying like file execute /bin/sh misc env LD_LIBRARY_PATH exec.envp["LD_LIBRARY_PATH"]="/system/lib" which means "grant execution of /bin/sh if environment variable is not defined or is defined and its value is /system/lib". Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2011-08-17tomoyo: remove tomoyo_gc_thread()->daemonize()Oleg Nesterov1-1/+1
daemonize() is only needed when a user-space task does kernel_thread(). tomoyo_gc_thread() is kthread_create()'ed and thus it doesn't need the soon-to-be-deprecated daemonize(). Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2011-07-14TOMOYO: Update kernel-doc.Tetsuo Handa1-5/+2
Update comments for scripts/kernel-doc and fix some of errors reported by scripts/checkpatch.pl . Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2011-07-11TOMOYO: Allow using argv[]/envp[] of execve() as conditions.Tetsuo Handa1-0/+12
This patch adds support for permission checks using argv[]/envp[] of execve() request. Hooks are in the last patch of this pathset. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2011-07-11TOMOYO: Allow using executable's realpath and symlink's target as conditions.Tetsuo Handa1-0/+5
This patch adds support for permission checks using executable file's realpath upon execve() and symlink's target upon symlink(). Hooks are in the last patch of this pathset. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2011-07-11TOMOYO: Allow using UID/GID etc. of current thread as conditions.Tetsuo Handa1-3/+36
This patch adds support for permission checks using current thread's UID/GID etc. in addition to pathnames. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2011-06-29TOMOYO: Fix lockdep warning.Tetsuo Handa1-21/+257
Currently TOMOYO holds SRCU lock upon open() and releases it upon close() because list elements stored in the "struct tomoyo_io_buffer" instances are accessed until close() is called. However, such SRCU usage causes lockdep to complain about leaving the kernel with SRCU lock held. This patch solves the warning by holding/releasing SRCU upon each read()/write(). This patch is doing something similar to calling kfree() without calling synchronize_srcu(), by selectively deferring kfree() by keeping track of the "struct tomoyo_io_buffer" instances. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2011-06-29TOMOYO: Add policy namespace support.Tetsuo Handa1-33/+40
Mauras Olivier reported that it is difficult to use TOMOYO in LXC environments, for TOMOYO cannot distinguish between environments outside the container and environments inside the container since LXC environments are created using pivot_root(). To address this problem, this patch introduces policy namespace. Each policy namespace has its own set of domain policy, exception policy and profiles, which are all independent of other namespaces. This independency allows users to develop policy without worrying interference among namespaces. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2011-06-29TOMOYO: Add ACL group support.Tetsuo Handa1-3/+13
ACL group allows administrator to globally grant not only "file read" permission but also other permissions. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2011-06-29TOMOYO: Cleanup part 3.Tetsuo Handa1-13/+114
Use common structure for ACL with "struct list_head" + "atomic_t". Use array/struct where possible. Remove is_group from "struct tomoyo_name_union"/"struct tomoyo_number_union". Pass "struct file"->private_data rather than "struct file". Update some of comments. Bring tomoyo_same_acl_head() from common.h to domain.c . Bring tomoyo_invalid()/tomoyo_valid() from common.h to util.c . Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2011-06-29TOMOYO: Cleanup part 1.Tetsuo Handa1-30/+0
In order to synchronize with TOMOYO 1.8's syntax, (1) Remove special handling for allow_read/write permission. (2) Replace deny_rewrite/allow_rewrite permission with allow_append permission. (3) Remove file_pattern keyword. (4) Remove allow_read permission from exception policy. (5) Allow creating domains in enforcing mode without calling supervisor. (6) Add permission check for opening directory for reading. (7) Add permission check for stat() operation. (8) Make "cat < /sys/kernel/security/tomoyo/self_domain" behave as if "cat /sys/kernel/security/tomoyo/self_domain". Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2010-08-02TOMOYO: Rename symbols.Tetsuo Handa1-11/+11
Use shorter name in order to make it easier to fit 80 columns limit. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2010-08-02TOMOYO: Use common code for domain transition control.Tetsuo Handa1-15/+4
Use common code for "initialize_domain"/"no_initialize_domain"/"keep_domain"/ "no_keep_domain" keywords. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2010-08-02TOMOYO: Remove alias keyword.Tetsuo Handa1-11/+0
Some programs behave differently depending on argv[0] passed to execve(). TOMOYO has "alias" keyword in order to allow administrators to define different domains if requested pathname passed to execve() is a symlink. But "alias" keyword is incomplete because this keyword assumes that requested pathname and argv[0] are identical. Thus, remove "alias" keyword (by this patch) and add syntax for checking argv[0] (by future patches). Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2010-08-02TOMOYO: Merge path_group and number_group.Tetsuo Handa1-22/+14
Use common code for "path_group" and "number_group". Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2010-08-02TOMOYO: Use array of "struct list_head".Tetsuo Handa1-34/+7
Assign list id and make the lists as array of "struct list_head". Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2010-08-02TOMOYO: Merge tomoyo_path_group and tomoyo_number_groupTetsuo Handa1-26/+15
"struct tomoyo_path_group" and "struct tomoyo_number_group" are identical. Rename tomoyo_path_group/tomoyo_number_group to tomoyo_group and tomoyo_path_group_member to tomoyo_path_group and tomoyo_number_group_member to tomoyo_unmber_group. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2010-08-02TOMOYO: Pass "struct list_head" rather than "void *".Tetsuo Handa1-58/+72
Pass "struct list_head" to tomoyo_add_to_gc() and bring list_del_rcu() to tomoyo_add_to_gc(). Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2010-08-02TOMOYO: Rename symbols.Tetsuo Handa1-2/+2
Use shorter name in order to make it easier to fix 80 columns limit. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2010-08-02TOMOYO: Use common code for garbage collection.Tetsuo Handa1-146/+66
Use common code for elements using "struct list_head" + "bool" structure. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2010-08-02TOMOYO: Use common structure for list element.Tetsuo Handa1-30/+33
Use common "struct list_head" + "bool" structure. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2010-08-02TOMOYO: Use callback for updating entries.Tetsuo Handa1-27/+1
Use common "struct list_head" + "bool" + "u8" structure and use common code for elements using that structure. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2010-08-02TOMOYO: Add pathname aggregation support.Tetsuo Handa1-0/+21
This patch allows users to aggregate programs which provide similar functionality (e.g. /usr/bin/vi and /usr/bin/emacs ). Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2010-08-02TOMOYO: Add mount restriction.Tetsuo Handa1-0/+10
mount(2) has three string and one numeric parameters. Split mount restriction code from security/tomoyo/file.c . Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2010-08-02TOMOYO: Split file access control functions by type of parameters.Tetsuo Handa1-4/+31
Check numeric parameters for operations that deal them (e.g. chmod/chown/ioctl). Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2010-08-02TOMOYO: Add numeric values grouping support.Tetsuo Handa1-0/+41
This patch adds numeric values grouping support, which is useful for grouping numeric values such as file's UID, DAC's mode, ioctl()'s cmd number. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2010-05-17TOMOYO: Add pathname grouping support.Tetsuo Handa1-3/+45
This patch adds pathname grouping support, which is useful for grouping pathnames that cannot be represented using /\{dir\}/ pattern. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2010-05-06TOMOYO: Use mutex_lock_interruptible.Tetsuo Handa1-4/+3
Some of TOMOYO's functions may sleep after mutex_lock(). If OOM-killer selected a process which is waiting at mutex_lock(), the to-be-killed process can't be killed. Thus, replace mutex_lock() with mutex_lock_interruptible() so that the to-be-killed process can immediately return from TOMOYO's functions. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2010-03-30include cleanup: Update gfp.h and slab.h includes to prepare for breaking ↵Tejun Heo1-0/+1
implicit slab.h inclusion from percpu.h percpu.h is included by sched.h and module.h and thus ends up being included when building most .c files. percpu.h includes slab.h which in turn includes gfp.h making everything defined by the two files universally available and complicating inclusion dependencies. percpu.h -> slab.h dependency is about to be removed. Prepare for this change by updating users of gfp and slab facilities include those headers directly instead of assuming availability. As this conversion needs to touch large number of source files, the following script is used as the basis of conversion. http://userweb.kernel.org/~tj/misc/slabh-sweep.py The script does the followings. * Scan files for gfp and slab usages and update includes such that only the necessary includes are there. ie. if only gfp is used, gfp.h, if slab is used, slab.h. * When the script inserts a new include, it looks at the include blocks and try to put the new include such that its order conforms to its surrounding. It's put in the include block which contains core kernel includes, in the same order that the rest are ordered - alphabetical, Christmas tree, rev-Xmas-tree or at the end if there doesn't seem to be any matching order. * If the script can't find a place to put a new include (mostly because the file doesn't have fitting include block), it prints out an error message indicating which .h file needs to be added to the file. The conversion was done in the following steps. 1. The initial automatic conversion of all .c files updated slightly over 4000 files, deleting around 700 includes and adding ~480 gfp.h and ~3000 slab.h inclusions. The script emitted errors for ~400 files. 2. Each error was manually checked. Some didn't need the inclusion, some needed manual addition while adding it to implementation .h or embedding .c file was more appropriate for others. This step added inclusions to around 150 files. 3. The script was run again and the output was compared to the edits from #2 to make sure no file was left behind. 4. Several build tests were done and a couple of problems were fixed. e.g. lib/decompress_*.c used malloc/free() wrappers around slab APIs requiring slab.h to be added manually. 5. The script was run on all .h files but without automatically editing them as sprinkling gfp.h and slab.h inclusions around .h files could easily lead to inclusion dependency hell. Most gfp.h inclusion directives were ignored as stuff from gfp.h was usually wildly available and often used in preprocessor macros. Each slab.h inclusion directive was examined and added manually as necessary. 6. percpu.h was updated not to include slab.h. 7. Build test were done on the following configurations and failures were fixed. CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL was turned off for all tests (as my distributed build env didn't work with gcov compiles) and a few more options had to be turned off depending on archs to make things build (like ipr on powerpc/64 which failed due to missing writeq). * x86 and x86_64 UP and SMP allmodconfig and a custom test config. * powerpc and powerpc64 SMP allmodconfig * sparc and sparc64 SMP allmodconfig * ia64 SMP allmodconfig * s390 SMP allmodconfig * alpha SMP allmodconfig * um on x86_64 SMP allmodconfig 8. percpu.h modifications were reverted so that it could be applied as a separate patch and serve as bisection point. Given the fact that I had only a couple of failures from tests on step 6, I'm fairly confident about the coverage of this conversion patch. If there is a breakage, it's likely to be something in one of the arch headers which should be easily discoverable easily on most builds of the specific arch. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Guess-its-ok-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
2010-02-16TOMOYO: Use shorter names.Tetsuo Handa1-9/+9
Use shorter name to reduce newlines needed for 80 columns limit. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2010-02-15TOMOYO: Add garbage collector.Tetsuo Handa1-0/+370
This patch adds garbage collector support to TOMOYO. Elements are protected by "struct srcu_struct tomoyo_ss". Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>