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Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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It can accidentally happen that the faulting insn (the exact instruction
bytes) is repeated a little further on in the trace. This causes that
same instruction to be tagged twice, see example below.
What we want to do, however, is to track back from the end of the whole
disassembly so many lines as the slice which starts with the faulting
instruction is long. This leads us to the actual faulting instruction
and *then* we tag it.
While we're at it, we can drop the sed "g" flag because we address only
this one line.
Also, if we point to an instruction which changes decoding depending on
the slice being objdumped, like a Jcc insn, for example, we do not even
tag it as a faulting instruction because the instruction decode changes
in the second slice but we use that second format as a regex on the
fsrst disassembled buffer and more often than not that instruction
doesn't match.
Again, simply tag the line which is deduced from the original "<>"
marking we've received from the kernel.
This also solves the pathologic issue of multiple tagging like this:
29:* 0f 0b ud2 <-- trapping instruction
2b:* 0f 0b ud2 <-- trapping instruction
2d:* 0f 0b ud2 <-- trapping instruction
Double tagging example:
Code: 34 dd 40 30 ad 81 48 c7 c0 80 f6 00 00 48 8b 3c 30 48 01 c6 b8 ff ff ff ff 48 8d 57 f0 48 39 f7 74 2f 49 8b 4c 24 08 48 8b 47 f0 <48> 39 48 08 75 0e eb 2a 66 90 48 8b 40 f0 48 39 48 08 74 1e 48
All code
========
0: 34 dd xor $0xdd,%al
2: 40 30 ad 81 48 c7 c0 xor %bpl,-0x3f38b77f(%rbp)
9: 80 f6 00 xor $0x0,%dh
c: 00 48 8b add %cl,-0x75(%rax)
f: 3c 30 cmp $0x30,%al
11: 48 01 c6 add %rax,%rsi
14: b8 ff ff ff ff mov $0xffffffff,%eax
19: 48 8d 57 f0 lea -0x10(%rdi),%rdx
1d: 48 39 f7 cmp %rsi,%rdi
20: 74 2f je 0x51
22: 49 8b 4c 24 08 mov 0x8(%r12),%rcx
27: 48 8b 47 f0 mov -0x10(%rdi),%rax
2b:* 48 39 48 08 cmp %rcx,0x8(%rax) <-- trapping instruction
2f: 75 0e jne 0x3f
31: eb 2a jmp 0x5d
33: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax
35: 48 8b 40 f0 mov -0x10(%rax),%rax
39:* 48 39 48 08 cmp %rcx,0x8(%rax) <-- trapping instruction
3d: 74 1e je 0x5d
3f: 48 rex.W
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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When dumping "Code: " sections from an oops, the trapping instruction
%rip points to can be a string copy
2b:* f3 a5 rep movsl %ds:(%rsi),%es:(%rdi)
and the line contain a bunch of ":". Current "cut" selects only the and
the second field output looks funnily overlaid this:
2b:* f3 a5 rep movsl %ds <-- trapping instruction:(%rsi),%es:(%rdi
Fix this by selecting the remaining fields too.
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <borislav.petkov@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Remove bashisms to make scripts/decodecode work with other shells.
Signed-off-by: Rabin Vincent <rabin@rab.in>
Reviewed-by: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
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This patch adds support for decoding ARM oopses to scripts/decodecode.
The following things are handled:
- ARCH and CROSS_COMPILE environment variables are respected.
- The Code: in x86 oopses is in bytes, while it is in either words (4
bytes) or halfwords for ARM.
- Some versions of ARM objdump refuse to disassemble instructions
generated by literal constants (".word 0x..."). The workaround is to
strip the object file first.
- The faulting instruction is marked (liked so) in ARM, but <like so>
in x86.
- ARM mnemonics may include characters such as [] which need to be
escaped before being passed to sed for the "<- trapping instruction"
substitution.
Signed-off-by: Rabin Vincent <rabin@rab.in>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
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kerneloops.org has been using an improved "decodecode" script,
specifically it has a special marker that shows which line in the assembly
the oops happened at, like this:
20: 83 e0 03 and $0x3,%eax
23: 09 d8 or %ebx,%eax
25: 85 db test %ebx,%ebx
27: 89 02 mov %eax,(%edx)
29: 74 0f je 0x3a
2b:* 3b 73 04 cmp 0x4(%ebx),%esi <-- trapping instruction
2e: 75 05 jne 0x35
30: 89 53 04 mov %edx,0x4(%ebx)
33: eb 07 jmp 0x3c
35: 89 53 08 mov %edx,0x8(%ebx)
this patch updates the kernel copy to also have this functionality.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: WANG Cong <wangcong@zeuux.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
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.. because it is.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Remove the tmp file when exiting. Noticed by Arjan van de Ven.
Catch mktemp failure and exit with message.
Trap kill or other signals and exit cleanly.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
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Add info that the Code: bytes line contains <xy> or (wxyz) in some
architecture oops reports and what that means.
Add a script by Andi Kleen that reads the Code: line from an Oops report
file and generates assembly code from the hex bytes.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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