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Pull irqdomain changes from Grant Likely:
"Trivial changes to irqdomain. An update to the documentation and make
one of the error paths not quite so obnoxious."
* tag 'irqdomain-for-linus' of git://git.secretlab.ca/git/linux-2.6:
irqdomain: update documentation
irqdomain: stop screaming about preallocated irqdescs
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux
Pull module signing fixes from Rusty Russell:
"David gave me these a month ago, during my git workflow churn :("
* 'fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux:
ASN.1: Fix an indefinite length skip error
MODSIGN: Don't use enum-type bitfields in module signature info block
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull watchdog fix from Thomas Gleixner:
"Trivial CPU hotplug regression fix for the watchdog code"
* 'core-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
watchdog: Fix CPU hotplug regression
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Don't use enum-type bitfields in the module signature info block as we can't be
certain how the compiler will handle them. As I understand it, it is arch
dependent, and it is possible for the compiler to rearrange them based on
endianness and to insert a byte of padding to pad the three enums out to four
bytes.
Instead use u8 fields for these, which the compiler should emit in the right
order without padding.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
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Norbert reported:
"3.7-rc6 booted with nmi_watchdog=0 fails to suspend to RAM or
offline CPUs. It's reproducable with a KVM guest and physical
system."
The reason is that commit bcd951cf(watchdog: Use hotplug thread
infrastructure) missed to take this into account. So the cpu offline
code gets stuck in the teardown function because it accesses non
initialized data structures.
Add a check for watchdog_enabled into that path to cure the issue.
Reported-and-tested-by: Norbert Warmuth <nwarmuth@t-online.de>
Tested-by: Joseph Salisbury <joseph.salisbury@canonical.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LFD.2.02.1211231033230.2701@ionos
Link: http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1079534
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux
Pull module fixes from Rusty Russell:
"Module signing build fixes for blackfin and metag"
* 'fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux:
modsign: add symbol prefix to certificate list
linux/kernel.h: define SYMBOL_PREFIX
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/wq
Pull workqueue fixes from Tejun Heo:
"So, safe fixes my ass.
Commit 8852aac25e79 ("workqueue: mod_delayed_work_on() shouldn't queue
timer on 0 delay") had the side-effect of performing delayed_work
sanity checks even when @delay is 0, which should be fine for any sane
use cases.
Unfortunately, megaraid was being overly ingenious. It seemingly
wanted to use cancel_delayed_work_sync() before cancel_work_sync() was
introduced, but didn't want to waste the space for full delayed_work
as it was only going to use 0 @delay. So, it only allocated space for
struct work_struct and then cast it to struct delayed_work and passed
it into delayed_work functions - truly awesome engineering tradeoff to
save some bytes.
Xiaotian fixed it by making megraid allocate full delayed_work for
now. It should be converted to use work_struct and cancel_work_sync()
but I think we better do that after 3.7.
I added another commit to change BUG_ON()s in __queue_delayed_work()
to WARN_ON_ONCE()s so that the kernel doesn't crash even if there are
more such abuses."
* 'for-3.7-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/wq:
workqueue: convert BUG_ON()s in __queue_delayed_work() to WARN_ON_ONCE()s
megaraid: fix BUG_ON() from incorrect use of delayed work
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8852aac25e ("workqueue: mod_delayed_work_on() shouldn't queue timer on
0 delay") unexpectedly uncovered a very nasty abuse of delayed_work in
megaraid - it allocated work_struct, casted it to delayed_work and
then pass that into queue_delayed_work().
Previously, this was okay because 0 @delay short-circuited to
queue_work() before doing anything with delayed_work. 8852aac25e
moved 0 @delay test into __queue_delayed_work() after sanity check on
delayed_work making megaraid trigger BUG_ON().
Although megaraid is already fixed by c1d390d8e6 ("megaraid: fix
BUG_ON() from incorrect use of delayed work"), this patch converts
BUG_ON()s in __queue_delayed_work() to WARN_ON_ONCE()s so that such
abusers, if there are more, trigger warning but don't crash the
machine.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Xiaotian Feng <xtfeng@gmail.com>
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This reverts commit 800d4d30c8f20bd728e5741a3b77c4859a613f7c.
Between commits 8323f26ce342 ("sched: Fix race in task_group()") and
800d4d30c8f2 ("sched, autogroup: Stop going ahead if autogroup is
disabled"), autogroup is a wreck.
With both applied, all you have to do to crash a box is disable
autogroup during boot up, then reboot.. boom, NULL pointer dereference
due to commit 800d4d30c8f2 not allowing autogroup to move things, and
commit 8323f26ce342 making that the only way to switch runqueues:
BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at (null)
IP: [<ffffffff81063ac0>] effective_load.isra.43+0x50/0x90
Pid: 7047, comm: systemd-user-se Not tainted 3.6.8-smp #7 MEDIONPC MS-7502/MS-7502
RIP: effective_load.isra.43+0x50/0x90
Process systemd-user-se (pid: 7047, threadinfo ffff880221dde000, task ffff88022618b3a0)
Call Trace:
select_task_rq_fair+0x255/0x780
try_to_wake_up+0x156/0x2c0
wake_up_state+0xb/0x10
signal_wake_up+0x28/0x40
complete_signal+0x1d6/0x250
__send_signal+0x170/0x310
send_signal+0x40/0x80
do_send_sig_info+0x47/0x90
group_send_sig_info+0x4a/0x70
kill_pid_info+0x3a/0x60
sys_kill+0x97/0x1a0
? vfs_read+0x120/0x160
? sys_read+0x45/0x90
system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
Code: 49 0f af 41 50 31 d2 49 f7 f0 48 83 f8 01 48 0f 46 c6 48 2b 07 48 8b bf 40 01 00 00 48 85 ff 74 3a 45 31 c0 48 8b 8f 50 01 00 00 <48> 8b 11 4c 8b 89 80 00 00 00 49 89 d2 48 01 d0 45 8b 59 58 4c
RIP [<ffffffff81063ac0>] effective_load.isra.43+0x50/0x90
RSP <ffff880221ddfbd8>
CR2: 0000000000000000
Signed-off-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Yong Zhang <yong.zhang0@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 2.6.39+
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Add the arch symbol prefix (if applicable) to the asm definition of
modsign_certificate_list and modsign_certificate_list_end. This uses the
recently defined SYMBOL_PREFIX which is derived from
CONFIG_SYMBOL_PREFIX.
This fixes the build of module signing on the blackfin and metag
architectures.
Signed-off-by: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
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8376fe22c7 ("workqueue: implement mod_delayed_work[_on]()")
implemented mod_delayed_work[_on]() using the improved
try_to_grab_pending(). The function is later used, among others, to
replace [__]candel_delayed_work() + queue_delayed_work() combinations.
Unfortunately, a delayed_work item w/ zero @delay is handled slightly
differently by mod_delayed_work_on() compared to
queue_delayed_work_on(). The latter skips timer altogether and
directly queues it using queue_work_on() while the former schedules
timer which will expire on the closest tick. This means, when @delay
is zero, that [__]cancel_delayed_work() + queue_delayed_work_on()
makes the target item immediately executable while
mod_delayed_work_on() may induce delay of upto a full tick.
This somewhat subtle difference breaks some of the converted users.
e.g. block queue plugging uses delayed_work for deferred processing
and uses mod_delayed_work_on() when the queue needs to be immediately
unplugged. The above problem manifested as noticeably higher number
of context switches under certain circumstances.
The difference in behavior was caused by missing special case handling
for 0 delay in mod_delayed_work_on() compared to
queue_delayed_work_on(). Joonsoo Kim posted a patch to add it -
("workqueue: optimize mod_delayed_work_on() when @delay == 0")[1].
The patch was queued for 3.8 but it was described as optimization and
I missed that it was a correctness issue.
As both queue_delayed_work_on() and mod_delayed_work_on() use
__queue_delayed_work() for queueing, it seems that the better approach
is to move the 0 delay special handling to the function instead of
duplicating it in mod_delayed_work_on().
Fix the problem by moving 0 delay special case handling from
queue_delayed_work_on() to __queue_delayed_work(). This replaces
Joonsoo's patch.
[1] http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1379011/focus=1379012
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-and-tested-by: Anders Kaseorg <andersk@MIT.EDU>
Reported-and-tested-by: Zlatko Calusic <zlatko.calusic@iskon.hr>
LKML-Reference: <alpine.DEB.2.00.1211280953350.26602@dr-wily.mit.edu>
LKML-Reference: <50A78AA9.5040904@iskon.hr>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
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A rescue thread exiting TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE can lead to a task scheduling
off, never to be seen again. In the case where this occurred, an exiting
thread hit reiserfs homebrew conditional resched while holding a mutex,
bringing the box to its knees.
PID: 18105 TASK: ffff8807fd412180 CPU: 5 COMMAND: "kdmflush"
#0 [ffff8808157e7670] schedule at ffffffff8143f489
#1 [ffff8808157e77b8] reiserfs_get_block at ffffffffa038ab2d [reiserfs]
#2 [ffff8808157e79a8] __block_write_begin at ffffffff8117fb14
#3 [ffff8808157e7a98] reiserfs_write_begin at ffffffffa0388695 [reiserfs]
#4 [ffff8808157e7ad8] generic_perform_write at ffffffff810ee9e2
#5 [ffff8808157e7b58] generic_file_buffered_write at ffffffff810eeb41
#6 [ffff8808157e7ba8] __generic_file_aio_write at ffffffff810f1a3a
#7 [ffff8808157e7c58] generic_file_aio_write at ffffffff810f1c88
#8 [ffff8808157e7cc8] do_sync_write at ffffffff8114f850
#9 [ffff8808157e7dd8] do_acct_process at ffffffff810a268f
[exception RIP: kernel_thread_helper]
RIP: ffffffff8144a5c0 RSP: ffff8808157e7f58 RFLAGS: 00000202
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000000
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffffff8107af60 RDI: ffff8803ee491d18
RBP: 0000000000000000 R8: 0000000000000000 R9: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000
ORIG_RAX: ffffffffffffffff CS: 0010 SS: 0018
Signed-off-by: Mike Galbraith <mgalbraith@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull perf fixes from Ingo Molnar:
"This is mostly about unbreaking architectures that took the UAPI
changes in the v3.7 cycle, plus misc fixes."
* 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
perf kvm: Fix building perf kvm on non x86 arches
perf kvm: Rename perf_kvm to perf_kvm_stat
perf: Make perf build for x86 with UAPI disintegration applied
perf powerpc: Use uapi/unistd.h to fix build error
tools: Pass the target in descend
tools: Honour the O= flag when tool build called from a higher Makefile
tools: Define a Makefile function to do subdir processing
x86: Export asm/{svm.h,vmx.h,perf_regs.h}
perf tools: Fix strbuf_addf() when the buffer needs to grow
perf header: Fix numa topology printing
perf, powerpc: Fix hw breakpoints returning -ENOSPC
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In the simple irqdomain: don't shout warnings to the user,
there is no point. An informational print is sufficient.
Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
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Dave Jones reported a bug with futex_lock_pi() that his trinity test
exposed. Sometime between queue_me() and taking the q.lock_ptr, the
lock_ptr became NULL, resulting in a crash.
While futex_wake() is careful to not call wake_futex() on futex_q's with
a pi_state or an rt_waiter (which are either waiting for a
futex_unlock_pi() or a PI futex_requeue()), futex_wake_op() and
futex_requeue() do not perform the same test.
Update futex_wake_op() and futex_requeue() to test for q.pi_state and
q.rt_waiter and abort with -EINVAL if detected. To ensure any future
breakage is caught, add a WARN() to wake_futex() if the same condition
is true.
This fix has seen 3 hours of testing with "trinity -c futex" on an
x86_64 VM with 4 CPUS.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tidy up the WARN()]
Signed-off-by: Darren Hart <dvhart@linux.intel.com>
Reported-by: Dave Jones <davej@redat.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: John Kacur <jkacur@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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In get_sample_period(), unsigned long is not enough:
watchdog_thresh * 2 * (NSEC_PER_SEC / 5)
case1:
watchdog_thresh is 10 by default, the sample value will be: 0xEE6B2800
case2:
set watchdog_thresh is 20, the sample value will be: 0x1 DCD6 5000
In case2, we need use u64 to express the sample period. Otherwise,
changing the threshold thru proc often can not be successful.
Signed-off-by: liu chuansheng <chuansheng.liu@intel.com>
Acked-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull futex fix from Thomas Gleixner:
"Single fix for a long standing futex race when taking over a futex
whose owner died. You can end up with two owners, which violates
quite some rules."
* 'core-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
futex: Handle futex_pi OWNER_DIED take over correctly
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Siddhesh analyzed a failure in the take over of pi futexes in case the
owner died and provided a workaround.
See: http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14076
The detailed problem analysis shows:
Futex F is initialized with PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT and
PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST_NP attributes.
T1 lock_futex_pi(F);
T2 lock_futex_pi(F);
--> T2 blocks on the futex and creates pi_state which is associated
to T1.
T1 exits
--> exit_robust_list() runs
--> Futex F userspace value TID field is set to 0 and
FUTEX_OWNER_DIED bit is set.
T3 lock_futex_pi(F);
--> Succeeds due to the check for F's userspace TID field == 0
--> Claims ownership of the futex and sets its own TID into the
userspace TID field of futex F
--> returns to user space
T1 --> exit_pi_state_list()
--> Transfers pi_state to waiter T2 and wakes T2 via
rt_mutex_unlock(&pi_state->mutex)
T2 --> acquires pi_state->mutex and gains real ownership of the
pi_state
--> Claims ownership of the futex and sets its own TID into the
userspace TID field of futex F
--> returns to user space
T3 --> observes inconsistent state
This problem is independent of UP/SMP, preemptible/non preemptible
kernels, or process shared vs. private. The only difference is that
certain configurations are more likely to expose it.
So as Siddhesh correctly analyzed the following check in
futex_lock_pi_atomic() is the culprit:
if (unlikely(ownerdied || !(curval & FUTEX_TID_MASK))) {
We check the userspace value for a TID value of 0 and take over the
futex unconditionally if that's true.
AFAICT this check is there as it is correct for a different corner
case of futexes: the WAITERS bit became stale.
Now the proposed change
- if (unlikely(ownerdied || !(curval & FUTEX_TID_MASK))) {
+ if (unlikely(ownerdied ||
+ !(curval & (FUTEX_TID_MASK | FUTEX_WAITERS)))) {
solves the problem, but it's not obvious why and it wreckages the
"stale WAITERS bit" case.
What happens is, that due to the WAITERS bit being set (T2 is blocked
on that futex) it enforces T3 to go through lookup_pi_state(), which
in the above case returns an existing pi_state and therefor forces T3
to legitimately fight with T2 over the ownership of the pi_state (via
pi_state->mutex). Probelm solved!
Though that does not work for the "WAITERS bit is stale" problem
because if lookup_pi_state() does not find existing pi_state it
returns -ERSCH (due to TID == 0) which causes futex_lock_pi() to
return -ESRCH to user space because the OWNER_DIED bit is not set.
Now there is a different solution to that problem. Do not look at the
user space value at all and enforce a lookup of possibly available
pi_state. If pi_state can be found, then the new incoming locker T3
blocks on that pi_state and legitimately races with T2 to acquire the
rt_mutex and the pi_state and therefor the proper ownership of the
user space futex.
lookup_pi_state() has the correct order of checks. It first tries to
find a pi_state associated with the user space futex and only if that
fails it checks for futex TID value = 0. If no pi_state is available
nothing can create new state at that point because this happens with
the hash bucket lock held.
So the above scenario changes to:
T1 lock_futex_pi(F);
T2 lock_futex_pi(F);
--> T2 blocks on the futex and creates pi_state which is associated
to T1.
T1 exits
--> exit_robust_list() runs
--> Futex F userspace value TID field is set to 0 and
FUTEX_OWNER_DIED bit is set.
T3 lock_futex_pi(F);
--> Finds pi_state and blocks on pi_state->rt_mutex
T1 --> exit_pi_state_list()
--> Transfers pi_state to waiter T2 and wakes it via
rt_mutex_unlock(&pi_state->mutex)
T2 --> acquires pi_state->mutex and gains ownership of the pi_state
--> Claims ownership of the futex and sets its own TID into the
userspace TID field of futex F
--> returns to user space
This covers all gazillion points on which T3 might come in between
T1's exit_robust_list() clearing the TID field and T2 fixing it up. It
also solves the "WAITERS bit stale" problem by forcing the take over.
Another benefit of changing the code this way is that it makes it less
dependent on untrusted user space values and therefor minimizes the
possible wreckage which might be inflicted.
As usual after staring for too long at the futex code my brain hurts
so much that I really want to ditch that whole optimization of
avoiding the syscall for the non contended case for PI futexes and rip
out the maze of corner case handling code. Unfortunately we can't as
user space relies on that existing behaviour, but at least thinking
about it helps me to preserve my mental sanity. Maybe we should
nevertheless :)
Reported-and-tested-by: Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh.poyarekar@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LFD.2.02.1210232138540.2756@ionos
Acked-by: Darren Hart <dvhart@linux.intel.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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Masaki found and patched a kallsyms issue: the last symbol in a
module's symtab wasn't transferred. This is because we manually copy
the zero'th entry (which is always empty) then copy the rest in a loop
starting at 1, though from src[0]. His fix was minimal, I prefer to
rewrite the loops in more standard form.
There are two loops: one to get the size, and one to copy. Make these
identical: always count entry 0 and any defined symbol in an allocated
non-init section.
This bug exists since the following commit was introduced.
module: reduce symbol table for loaded modules (v2)
commit: 4a4962263f07d14660849ec134ee42b63e95ea9a
LKML: http://lkml.org/lkml/2012/10/24/27
Reported-by: Masaki Kimura <masaki.kimura.kz@hitachi.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
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I've been trying to get hardware breakpoints with perf to work
on POWER7 but I'm getting the following:
% perf record -e mem:0x10000000 true
Error: sys_perf_event_open() syscall returned with 28 (No space left on device). /bin/dmesg may provide additional information.
Fatal: No CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS=y kernel support configured?
true: Terminated
(FWIW adding -a and it works fine)
Debugging it seems that __reserve_bp_slot() is returning ENOSPC
because it thinks there are no free breakpoint slots on this
CPU.
I have a 2 CPUs, so perf userspace is doing two perf_event_open
syscalls to add a counter to each CPU [1]. The first syscall
succeeds but the second is failing.
On this second syscall, fetch_bp_busy_slots() sets slots.pinned
to be 1, despite there being no breakpoint on this CPU. This is
because the call the task_bp_pinned, checks all CPUs, rather
than just the current CPU. POWER7 only has one hardware
breakpoint per CPU (ie. HBP_NUM=1), so we return ENOSPC.
The following patch fixes this by checking the associated CPU
for each breakpoint in task_bp_pinned. I'm not familiar with
this code, so it's provided as a reference to the above issue.
Signed-off-by: Michael Neuling <mikey@neuling.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Jovi Zhang <bookjovi@gmail.com>
Cc: K Prasad <prasad@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1351268936-2956-1-git-send-email-fweisbec@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Merge misc fixes from Andrew Morton:
"18 total. 15 fixes and some updates to a device_cgroup patchset which
bring it up to date with the version which I should have merged in the
first place."
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (18 patches)
fs/compat_ioctl.c: VIDEO_SET_SPU_PALETTE missing error check
gen_init_cpio: avoid stack overflow when expanding
drivers/rtc/rtc-imxdi.c: add missing spin lock initialization
mm, numa: avoid setting zone_reclaim_mode unless a node is sufficiently distant
pidns: limit the nesting depth of pid namespaces
drivers/dma/dw_dmac: make driver's endianness configurable
mm/mmu_notifier: allocate mmu_notifier in advance
tools/testing/selftests/epoll/test_epoll.c: fix build
UAPI: fix tools/vm/page-types.c
mm/page_alloc.c:alloc_contig_range(): return early for err path
rbtree: include linux/compiler.h for definition of __always_inline
genalloc: stop crashing the system when destroying a pool
backlight: ili9320: add missing SPI dependency
device_cgroup: add proper checking when changing default behavior
device_cgroup: stop using simple_strtoul()
device_cgroup: rename deny_all to behavior
cgroup: fix invalid rcu dereference
mm: fix XFS oops due to dirty pages without buffers on s390
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If one includes documentation for an external tool, it should be
correct. This is not:
1. Overriding the input to rngd should typically be neither
necessary nor desired. This is especially so since newer
versions of rngd support a number of different *types* of sources.
2. The default kernel-exported device is called /dev/hwrng not
/dev/hwrandom nor /dev/hw_random (both of which were used in the
past; however, kernel and udev seem to have converged on
/dev/hwrng.)
Overall it is better if the documentation for rngd is kept with rngd
rather than in a kernel Makefile.
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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'struct pid' is a "variable sized struct" - a header with an array of
upids at the end.
The size of the array depends on a level (depth) of pid namespaces. Now a
level of pidns is not limited, so 'struct pid' can be more than one page.
Looks reasonable, that it should be less than a page. MAX_PIS_NS_LEVEL is
not calculated from PAGE_SIZE, because in this case it depends on
architectures, config options and it will be reduced, if someone adds a
new fields in struct pid or struct upid.
I suggest to set MAX_PIS_NS_LEVEL = 32, because it saves ability to expand
"struct pid" and it's more than enough for all known for me use-cases.
When someone finds a reasonable use case, we can add a config option or a
sysctl parameter.
In addition it will reduce the effect of another problem, when we have
many nested namespaces and the oldest one starts dying.
zap_pid_ns_processe will be called for each namespace and find_vpid will
be called for each process in a namespace. find_vpid will be called
minimum max_level^2 / 2 times. The reason of that is that when we found a
bit in pidmap, we can't determine this pidns is top for this process or it
isn't.
vpid is a heavy operation, so a fork bomb, which create many nested
namespace, can make a system inaccessible for a long time. For example my
system becomes inaccessible for a few minutes with 4000 processes.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: return -EINVAL in response to excessive nesting, not -ENOMEM]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup
Pull cgroup fixes from Tejun Heo:
"This pull request contains three fixes.
Two are reverts of task_lock() removal in cgroup fork path. The
optimizations incorrectly assumed that threadgroup_lock can protect
process forks (as opposed to thread creations) too. Further cleanup
of cgroup fork path is scheduled.
The third fixes cgroup emptiness notification loss."
* 'for-3.7-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup:
Revert "cgroup: Remove task_lock() from cgroup_post_fork()"
Revert "cgroup: Drop task_lock(parent) on cgroup_fork()"
cgroup: notify_on_release may not be triggered in some cases
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/wq
Pull workqueue fix from Tejun Heo:
"This pull request contains one patch from Dan Magenheimer to fix
cancel_delayed_work() regression introduced by its reimplementation
using try_to_grab_pending(). The reimplementation made it incorrectly
return %true when the work item is idle.
There aren't too many consumers of the return value but it broke at
least ramster."
* 'for-3.7-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/wq:
workqueue: cancel_delayed_work() should return %false if work item is idle
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57b30ae77b ("workqueue: reimplement cancel_delayed_work() using
try_to_grab_pending()") made cancel_delayed_work() always return %true
unless someone else is also trying to cancel the work item, which is
broken - if the target work item is idle, the return value should be
%false.
try_to_grab_pending() indicates that the target work item was idle by
zero return value. Use it for return. Note that this brings
cancel_delayed_work() in line with __cancel_work_timer() in return
value handling.
Signed-off-by: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
LKML-Reference: <444a6439-b1a4-4740-9e7e-bc37267cfe73@default>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull perf fixes from Ingo Molnar:
"Most of these are uprobes race fixes from Oleg, and their preparatory
cleanups. (It's larger than what I'd normally send for an -rc kernel,
but they looked significant enough to not delay them.)
There's also an oprofile fix and an uncore PMU fix."
* 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (22 commits)
perf/x86: Disable uncore on virtualized CPUs
oprofile, x86: Fix wrapping bug in op_x86_get_ctrl()
ring-buffer: Check for uninitialized cpu buffer before resizing
uprobes: Fix the racy uprobe->flags manipulation
uprobes: Fix prepare_uprobe() race with itself
uprobes: Introduce prepare_uprobe()
uprobes: Fix handle_swbp() vs unregister() + register() race
uprobes: Do not delete uprobe if uprobe_unregister() fails
uprobes: Don't return success if alloc_uprobe() fails
uprobes/x86: Only rep+nop can be emulated correctly
uprobes: Simplify is_swbp_at_addr(), remove stale comments
uprobes: Kill set_orig_insn()->is_swbp_at_addr()
uprobes: Introduce copy_opcode(), kill read_opcode()
uprobes: Kill set_swbp()->is_swbp_at_addr()
uprobes: Restrict valid_vma(false) to skip VM_SHARED vmas
uprobes: Change valid_vma() to demand VM_MAYEXEC rather than VM_EXEC
uprobes: Change write_opcode() to use FOLL_FORCE
uprobes: Move clear_thread_flag(TIF_UPROBE) to uprobe_notify_resume()
uprobes: Kill UTASK_BP_HIT state
uprobes: Fix UPROBE_SKIP_SSTEP checks in handle_swbp()
...
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Fix the warning:
kernel/module_signing.c:195:2: warning: format '%lu' expects type 'long unsigned int', but argument 3 has type 'size_t'
by using the proper 'z' modifier for printing a size_t.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace into perf/urgent
Pull ftrace ring-buffer resizing fix from Steve Rostedt.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/oleg/misc into perf/urgent
Pull various uprobes bugfixes from Oleg Nesterov - mostly race and
failure path fixes.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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The min/max call needed to have explicit types on some architectures
(e.g. mn10300). Use clamp_t instead to avoid the warning:
kernel/sys.c: In function 'override_release':
kernel/sys.c:1287:10: warning: comparison of distinct pointer types lacks a cast [enabled by default]
Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Emit the magic string that indicates a module has a signature after the
signature data instead of before it. This allows module_sig_check() to
be made simpler and faster by the elimination of the search for the
magic string. Instead we just need to do a single memcmp().
This works because at the end of the signature data there is the
fixed-length signature information block. This block then falls
immediately prior to the magic number.
From the contents of the information block, it is trivial to calculate
the size of the signature data and thus the size of the actual module
data.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This reverts commit 7e3aa30ac8c904a706518b725c451bb486daaae9.
The commit incorrectly assumed that fork path always performed
threadgroup_change_begin/end() and depended on that for
synchronization against task exit and cgroup migration paths instead
of explicitly grabbing task_lock().
threadgroup_change is not locked when forking a new process (as
opposed to a new thread in the same process) and even if it were it
wouldn't be effective as different processes use different threadgroup
locks.
Revert the incorrect optimization.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
LKML-Reference: <20121008020000.GB2575@localhost>
Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
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This reverts commit 7e381b0eb1e1a9805c37335562e8dc02e7d7848c.
The commit incorrectly assumed that fork path always performed
threadgroup_change_begin/end() and depended on that for
synchronization against task exit and cgroup migration paths instead
of explicitly grabbing task_lock().
threadgroup_change is not locked when forking a new process (as
opposed to a new thread in the same process) and even if it were it
wouldn't be effective as different processes use different threadgroup
locks.
Revert the incorrect optimization.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
LKML-Reference: <20121008020000.GB2575@localhost>
Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Bitterly-Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
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free_pid_ns() operates in a recursive fashion:
free_pid_ns(parent)
put_pid_ns(parent)
kref_put(&ns->kref, free_pid_ns);
free_pid_ns
thus if there was a huge nesting of namespaces the userspace may trigger
avalanche calling of free_pid_ns leading to kernel stack exhausting and a
panic eventually.
This patch turns the recursion into an iterative loop.
Based on a patch by Andrew Vagin.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: export put_pid_ns() to modules]
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Andrew Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Calling uname() with the UNAME26 personality set allows a leak of kernel
stack contents. This fixes it by defensively calculating the length of
copy_to_user() call, making the len argument unsigned, and initializing
the stack buffer to zero (now technically unneeded, but hey, overkill).
CVE-2012-0957
Reported-by: PaX Team <pageexec@freemail.hu>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: PaX Team <pageexec@freemail.hu>
Cc: Brad Spengler <spender@grsecurity.net>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The console_cpu_notify() function runs with interrupts disabled in the
CPU_DYING case. It therefore cannot block, for example, as will happen
when it calls console_lock(). Therefore, remove the CPU_DYING leg of
the switch statement to avoid this problem.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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notify_on_release must be triggered when the last process in a cgroup is
move to another. But if the first(and only) process in a cgroup is moved to
another, notify_on_release is not triggered.
# mkdir /cgroup/cpu/SRC
# mkdir /cgroup/cpu/DST
#
# echo 1 >/cgroup/cpu/SRC/notify_on_release
# echo 1 >/cgroup/cpu/DST/notify_on_release
#
# sleep 300 &
[1] 8629
#
# echo 8629 >/cgroup/cpu/SRC/tasks
# echo 8629 >/cgroup/cpu/DST/tasks
-> notify_on_release for /SRC must be triggered at this point,
but it isn't.
This is because put_css_set() is called before setting CGRP_RELEASABLE
in cgroup_task_migrate(), and is a regression introduce by the
commit:74a1166d(cgroups: make procs file writable), which was merged
into v3.0.
Cc: Ben Blum <bblum@andrew.cmu.edu>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v3.0.x and later
Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux
Pull module signing support from Rusty Russell:
"module signing is the highlight, but it's an all-over David Howells frenzy..."
Hmm "Magrathea: Glacier signing key". Somebody has been reading too much HHGTTG.
* 'modules-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux: (37 commits)
X.509: Fix indefinite length element skip error handling
X.509: Convert some printk calls to pr_devel
asymmetric keys: fix printk format warning
MODSIGN: Fix 32-bit overflow in X.509 certificate validity date checking
MODSIGN: Make mrproper should remove generated files.
MODSIGN: Use utf8 strings in signer's name in autogenerated X.509 certs
MODSIGN: Use the same digest for the autogen key sig as for the module sig
MODSIGN: Sign modules during the build process
MODSIGN: Provide a script for generating a key ID from an X.509 cert
MODSIGN: Implement module signature checking
MODSIGN: Provide module signing public keys to the kernel
MODSIGN: Automatically generate module signing keys if missing
MODSIGN: Provide Kconfig options
MODSIGN: Provide gitignore and make clean rules for extra files
MODSIGN: Add FIPS policy
module: signature checking hook
X.509: Add a crypto key parser for binary (DER) X.509 certificates
MPILIB: Provide a function to read raw data into an MPI
X.509: Add an ASN.1 decoder
X.509: Add simple ASN.1 grammar compiler
...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jwessel/kgdb
Pull KGDB/KDB fixes and cleanups from Jason Wessel:
"Cleanups
- Clean up compile warnings in kgdboc.c and x86/kernel/kgdb.c
- Add module event hooks for simplified debugging with gdb
Fixes
- Fix kdb to stop paging with 'q' on bta and dmesg
- Fix for data that scrolls off the vga console due to line wrapping
when using the kdb pager
New
- The debug core registers for kernel module events which allows a
kernel aware gdb to automatically load symbols and break on entry
to a kernel module
- Allow kgdboc=kdb to setup kdb on the vga console"
* tag 'for_linus-3.7' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jwessel/kgdb:
tty/console: fix warnings in drivers/tty/serial/kgdboc.c
kdb,vt_console: Fix missed data due to pager overruns
kdb: Fix dmesg/bta scroll to quit with 'q'
kgdboc: Accept either kbd or kdb to activate the vga + keyboard kdb shell
kgdb,x86: fix warning about unused variable
mips,kgdb: fix recursive page fault with CONFIG_KPROBES
kgdb: Add module event hooks
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull perf updates from Ingo Molnar:
"This tree includes some late late perf items that missed the first
round:
tools:
- Bash auto completion improvements, now we can auto complete the
tools long options, tracepoint event names, etc, from Namhyung Kim.
- Look up thread using tid instead of pid in 'perf sched'.
- Move global variables into a perf_kvm struct, from David Ahern.
- Hists refactorings, preparatory for improved 'diff' command, from
Jiri Olsa.
- Hists refactorings, preparatory for event group viewieng work, from
Namhyung Kim.
- Remove double negation on optional feature macro definitions, from
Namhyung Kim.
- Remove several cases of needless global variables, on most
builtins.
- misc fixes
kernel:
- sysfs support for IBS on AMD CPUs, from Robert Richter.
- Support for an upcoming Intel CPU, the Xeon-Phi / Knights Corner
HPC blade PMU, from Vince Weaver.
- misc fixes"
* 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (46 commits)
perf: Fix perf_cgroup_switch for sw-events
perf: Clarify perf_cpu_context::active_pmu usage by renaming it to ::unique_pmu
perf/AMD/IBS: Add sysfs support
perf hists: Add more helpers for hist entry stat
perf hists: Move he->stat.nr_events initialization to a template
perf hists: Introduce struct he_stat
perf diff: Removing the total_period argument from output code
perf tool: Add hpp interface to enable/disable hpp column
perf tools: Removing hists pair argument from output path
perf hists: Separate overhead and baseline columns
perf diff: Refactor diff displacement possition info
perf hists: Add struct hists pointer to struct hist_entry
perf tools: Complete tracepoint event names
perf/x86: Add support for Intel Xeon-Phi Knights Corner PMU
perf evlist: Remove some unused methods
perf evlist: Introduce add_newtp method
perf kvm: Move global variables into a perf_kvm struct
perf tools: Convert to BACKTRACE_SUPPORT
perf tools: Long option completion support for each subcommands
perf tools: Complete long option names of perf command
...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/signal
Pull third pile of kernel_execve() patches from Al Viro:
"The last bits of infrastructure for kernel_thread() et.al., with
alpha/arm/x86 use of those. Plus sanitizing the asm glue and
do_notify_resume() on alpha, fixing the "disabled irq while running
task_work stuff" breakage there.
At that point the rest of kernel_thread/kernel_execve/sys_execve work
can be done independently for different architectures. The only
pending bits that do depend on having all architectures converted are
restrictred to fs/* and kernel/* - that'll obviously have to wait for
the next cycle.
I thought we'd have to wait for all of them done before we start
eliminating the longjump-style insanity in kernel_execve(), but it
turned out there's a very simple way to do that without flagday-style
changes."
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/signal:
alpha: switch to saner kernel_execve() semantics
arm: switch to saner kernel_execve() semantics
x86, um: convert to saner kernel_execve() semantics
infrastructure for saner ret_from_kernel_thread semantics
make sure that kernel_thread() callbacks call do_exit() themselves
make sure that we always have a return path from kernel_execve()
ppc: eeh_event should just use kthread_run()
don't bother with kernel_thread/kernel_execve for launching linuxrc
alpha: get rid of switch_stack argument of do_work_pending()
alpha: don't bother passing switch_stack separately from regs
alpha: take SIGPENDING/NOTIFY_RESUME loop into signal.c
alpha: simplify TIF_NEED_RESCHED handling
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs
Pull third pile of VFS updates from Al Viro:
"Stuff from Jeff Layton, mostly. Sanitizing interplay between audit
and namei, removing a lot of insanity from audit_inode() mess and
getting things ready for his ESTALE patchset."
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
procfs: don't need a PATH_MAX allocation to hold a string representation of an int
vfs: embed struct filename inside of names_cache allocation if possible
audit: make audit_inode take struct filename
vfs: make path_openat take a struct filename pointer
vfs: turn do_path_lookup into wrapper around struct filename variant
audit: allow audit code to satisfy getname requests from its names_list
vfs: define struct filename and have getname() return it
vfs: unexport getname and putname symbols
acct: constify the name arg to acct_on
vfs: allocate page instead of names_cache buffer in mount_block_root
audit: overhaul __audit_inode_child to accomodate retrying
audit: optimize audit_compare_dname_path
audit: make audit_compare_dname_path use parent_len helper
audit: remove dirlen argument to audit_compare_dname_path
audit: set the name_len in audit_inode for parent lookups
audit: add a new "type" field to audit_names struct
audit: reverse arguments to audit_inode_child
audit: no need to walk list in audit_inode if name is NULL
audit: pass in dentry to audit_copy_inode wherever possible
audit: remove unnecessary NULL ptr checks from do_path_lookup
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Keep a pointer to the audit_names "slot" in struct filename.
Have all of the audit_inode callers pass a struct filename ponter to
audit_inode instead of a string pointer. If the aname field is already
populated, then we can skip walking the list altogether and just use it
directly.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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...and fix up the callers. For do_file_open_root, just declare a
struct filename on the stack and fill out the .name field. For
do_filp_open, make it also take a struct filename pointer, and fix up its
callers to call it appropriately.
For filp_open, add a variant that takes a struct filename pointer and turn
filp_open into a wrapper around it.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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Currently, if we call getname() on a userland string more than once,
we'll get multiple copies of the string and multiple audit_names
records.
Add a function that will allow the audit_names code to satisfy getname
requests using info from the audit_names list, avoiding a new allocation
and audit_names records.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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getname() is intended to copy pathname strings from userspace into a
kernel buffer. The result is just a string in kernel space. It would
however be quite helpful to be able to attach some ancillary info to
the string.
For instance, we could attach some audit-related info to reduce the
amount of audit-related processing needed. When auditing is enabled,
we could also call getname() on the string more than once and not
need to recopy it from userspace.
This patchset converts the getname()/putname() interfaces to return
a struct instead of a string. For now, the struct just tracks the
string in kernel space and the original userland pointer for it.
Later, we'll add other information to the struct as it becomes
convenient.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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* allow kernel_execve() leave the actual return to userland to
caller (selected by CONFIG_GENERIC_KERNEL_EXECVE). Callers
updated accordingly.
* architecture that does select GENERIC_KERNEL_EXECVE in its
Kconfig should have its ret_from_kernel_thread() do this:
call schedule_tail
call the callback left for it by copy_thread(); if it ever
returns, that's because it has just done successful kernel_execve()
jump to return from syscall
IOW, its only difference from ret_from_fork() is that it does call the
callback.
* such an architecture should also get rid of ret_from_kernel_execve()
and __ARCH_WANT_KERNEL_EXECVE
This is the last part of infrastructure patches in that area - from
that point on work on different architectures can live independently.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull timer core update from Thomas Gleixner:
- Bug fixes (one for a longstanding dead loop issue)
- Rework of time related vsyscalls
- Alarm timer updates
- Jiffies updates to remove compile time dependencies
* 'timers-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
timekeeping: Cast raw_interval to u64 to avoid shift overflow
timers: Fix endless looping between cascade() and internal_add_timer()
time/jiffies: bring back unconditional LATCH definition
time: Convert x86_64 to using new update_vsyscall
time: Only do nanosecond rounding on GENERIC_TIME_VSYSCALL_OLD systems
time: Introduce new GENERIC_TIME_VSYSCALL
time: Convert CONFIG_GENERIC_TIME_VSYSCALL to CONFIG_GENERIC_TIME_VSYSCALL_OLD
time: Move update_vsyscall definitions to timekeeper_internal.h
time: Move timekeeper structure to timekeeper_internal.h for vsyscall changes
jiffies: Remove compile time assumptions about CLOCK_TICK_RATE
jiffies: Kill unused TICK_USEC_TO_NSEC
alarmtimer: Rename alarmtimer_remove to alarmtimer_dequeue
alarmtimer: Remove unused helpers & defines
alarmtimer: Use hrtimer per-alarm instead of per-base
alarmtimer: Implement minimum alarm interval for allowing suspend
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull scheduler fixes from Ingo Molnar:
"A CPU hotplug related crash fix and a nohz accounting fixlet."
* 'sched-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
sched: Update sched_domains_numa_masks[][] when new cpus are onlined
sched: Ensure 'sched_domains_numa_levels' is safe to use in other functions
nohz: Fix one jiffy count too far in idle cputime
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