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The stopped notifications in do_signal_stop() and exit_signals() are
always for the completion of job control. The one in do_signal_stop()
may be delivered to the ptracer if PTRACE_ATTACH races with
notification and the one in exit_signals() if task exits while
ptraced.
In both cases, the notifications are meaningless and confusing to the
ptracer as it never accesses the group stop state while the real
parent would miss notifications for the events it is watching.
Make sure these notifications always go to the real parent by calling
do_notify_parent_cld_stop() with %false @for_ptrace.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
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Currently, do_notify_parent_cldstop() determines whether the
notification is for the real parent or ptracer. Move the decision to
the caller by adding @for_ptrace parameter to
do_notify_parent_cldstop(). All the callers are updated to pass
task_ptrace(target_task), so this patch doesn't cause any behavior
difference.
While at it, add function comment to do_notify_parent_cldstop().
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
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Currently a real parent can't access job control stopped/continued
events through a ptraced child. This utterly breaks job control when
the children are ptraced.
For example, if a program is run from an interactive shell and then
strace(1) attaches to it, pressing ^Z would send SIGTSTP and strace(1)
would notice it but the shell has no way to tell whether the child
entered job control stop and thus can't tell when to take over the
terminal - leading to awkward lone ^Z on the terminal.
Because the job control and ptrace stopped states are independent,
there is no reason to prevent real parents from accessing the stopped
state regardless of ptrace. The continued state isn't separate but
ptracers don't have any use for them as ptracees can never resume
without explicit command from their ptracers, so as long as ptracers
don't consume it, it should be fine.
Although this is a behavior change, because the previous behavior is
utterly broken when viewed from real parents and the change is only
visible to real parents, I don't think it's necessary to make this
behavior optional.
One situation to be careful about is when a task from the real
parent's group is ptracing. The parent group is the recipient of both
ptrace and job control stop events and one stop can be reported as
both job control and ptrace stops. As this can break the current
ptrace users, suppress job control stopped events for these cases.
If a real parent ptracer wants to know about both job control and
ptrace stops, it can create a separate process to serve the role of
real parent.
Note that this only updates wait(2) side of things. The real parent
can access the states via wait(2) but still is not properly notified
(woken up and delivered signal). Test case polls wait(2) with WNOHANG
to work around. Notification will be updated by future patches.
Test case follows.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ptrace.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int main(void)
{
const struct timespec ts100ms = { .tv_nsec = 100000000 };
pid_t tracee, tracer;
siginfo_t si;
int i;
tracee = fork();
if (tracee == 0) {
while (1) {
printf("tracee: SIGSTOP\n");
raise(SIGSTOP);
nanosleep(&ts100ms, NULL);
printf("tracee: SIGCONT\n");
raise(SIGCONT);
nanosleep(&ts100ms, NULL);
}
}
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED | WNOHANG | WNOWAIT);
tracer = fork();
if (tracer == 0) {
nanosleep(&ts100ms, NULL);
ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, tracee, NULL, NULL);
for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
si.si_pid = 0;
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED);
if (si.si_pid && si.si_code == CLD_TRAPPED)
ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, tracee, NULL,
(void *)(long)si.si_status);
}
printf("tracer: EXITING\n");
return 0;
}
while (1) {
si.si_pid = 0;
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si,
WSTOPPED | WCONTINUED | WEXITED | WNOHANG);
if (si.si_pid)
printf("mommy : WAIT status=%02d code=%02d\n",
si.si_status, si.si_code);
nanosleep(&ts100ms, NULL);
}
return 0;
}
Before the patch, while ptraced, the parent can't see any job control
events.
tracee: SIGSTOP
mommy : WAIT status=19 code=05
tracee: SIGCONT
tracee: SIGSTOP
tracee: SIGCONT
tracee: SIGSTOP
tracee: SIGCONT
tracee: SIGSTOP
tracer: EXITING
mommy : WAIT status=19 code=05
^C
After the patch,
tracee: SIGSTOP
mommy : WAIT status=19 code=05
tracee: SIGCONT
mommy : WAIT status=18 code=06
tracee: SIGSTOP
mommy : WAIT status=19 code=05
tracee: SIGCONT
mommy : WAIT status=18 code=06
tracee: SIGSTOP
mommy : WAIT status=19 code=05
tracee: SIGCONT
mommy : WAIT status=18 code=06
tracee: SIGSTOP
tracer: EXITING
mommy : WAIT status=19 code=05
^C
-v2: Oleg pointed out that wait(2) should be suppressed for the real
parent's group instead of only the real parent task itself.
Updated accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
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wait(2) and friends allow access to stopped/continued states through
zombies, which is required as the states are process-wide and should
be accessible whether the leader task is alive or undead.
wait_consider_task() implements this by always clearing notask_error
and going through wait_task_stopped/continued() for unreaped zombies.
However, while ptraced, the stopped state is per-task and as such if
the ptracee became a zombie, there's no further stopped event to
listen to and wait(2) and friends should return -ECHILD on the tracee.
Fix it by clearing notask_error only if WCONTINUED | WEXITED is set
for ptraced zombies. While at it, document why clearing notask_error
is safe for each case.
Test case follows.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ptrace.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
static void *nooper(void *arg)
{
pause();
return NULL;
}
int main(void)
{
const struct timespec ts1s = { .tv_sec = 1 };
pid_t tracee, tracer;
siginfo_t si;
tracee = fork();
if (tracee == 0) {
pthread_t thr;
pthread_create(&thr, NULL, nooper, NULL);
nanosleep(&ts1s, NULL);
printf("tracee exiting\n");
pthread_exit(NULL); /* let subthread run */
}
tracer = fork();
if (tracer == 0) {
ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, tracee, NULL, NULL);
while (1) {
if (waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED) < 0) {
perror("waitid");
break;
}
ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, tracee, NULL,
(void *)(long)si.si_status);
}
return 0;
}
waitid(P_PID, tracer, &si, WEXITED);
kill(tracee, SIGKILL);
return 0;
}
Before the patch, after the tracee becomes a zombie, the tracer's
waitid(WSTOPPED) never returns and the program doesn't terminate.
tracee exiting
^C
After the patch, tracee exiting triggers waitid() to fail.
tracee exiting
waitid: No child processes
-v2: Oleg pointed out that exited in addition to continued can happen
for ptraced dead group leader. Clear notask_error for ptraced
child on WEXITED too.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
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Move EXIT_DEAD test in wait_consider_task() above ptrace check. As
ptraced tasks can't be EXIT_DEAD, this change doesn't cause any
behavior change. This is to prepare for further changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
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While ptraced, a task may be resumed while the containing process is
still job control stopped. If the task receives another stop signal
in this state, it will still initiate group stop, which generates
group_exit_code, which the real parent would be able to see once the
ptracer detaches.
In this scenario, the real parent may see two consecutive CLD_STOPPED
events from two stop signals without intervening SIGCONT, which
normally is impossible.
Test case follows.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ptrace.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int main(void)
{
pid_t tracee;
siginfo_t si;
tracee = fork();
if (!tracee)
while (1)
pause();
kill(tracee, SIGSTOP);
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED);
if (!fork()) {
ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, tracee, NULL, NULL);
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED);
ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, tracee, NULL, (void *)(long)si.si_status);
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED);
ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, tracee, NULL, (void *)(long)si.si_status);
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED);
ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, tracee, NULL, NULL);
return 0;
}
while (1) {
si.si_pid = 0;
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED | WNOHANG);
if (si.si_pid)
printf("st=%02d c=%02d\n", si.si_status, si.si_code);
}
return 0;
}
Before the patch, the latter waitid() in polling mode reports the
second stopped event generated by the implied SIGSTOP of
PTRACE_ATTACH.
st=19 c=05
^C
After the patch, the second event is not reported.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
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Currently, __ptrace_unlink() wakes up the tracee iff it's in
TASK_TRACED. For unlinking from PTRACE_DETACH, this is correct as the
tracee is guaranteed to be in TASK_TRACED or dead; however, unlinking
also happens when the ptracer exits and in this case the ptracee can
be in any state and ptrace might be left running even if the group it
belongs to is stopped.
This patch updates __ptrace_unlink() such that GROUP_STOP_PENDING is
reinstated regardless of the ptracee's current state as long as it's
alive and makes sure that signal_wake_up() is called if execution
state transition is necessary.
Test case follows.
#include <unistd.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ptrace.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
static const struct timespec ts1s = { .tv_sec = 1 };
int main(void)
{
pid_t tracee;
siginfo_t si;
tracee = fork();
if (tracee == 0) {
while (1) {
nanosleep(&ts1s, NULL);
write(1, ".", 1);
}
}
ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, tracee, NULL, NULL);
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED);
ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, tracee, NULL, (void *)(long)si.si_status);
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED);
ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, tracee, NULL, (void *)(long)si.si_status);
write(1, "exiting", 7);
return 0;
}
Before the patch, after the parent process exits, the child is left
running and prints out "." every second.
exiting..... (continues)
After the patch, the group stop initiated by the implied SIGSTOP from
PTRACE_ATTACH is re-established when the parent exits.
exiting
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
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Remove the extra task_is_traced() check in __ptrace_unlink() and
collapse ptrace_untrace() into __ptrace_unlink(). This is to prepare
for further changes.
While at it, drop the comment on top of ptrace_untrace() and convert
__ptrace_unlink() comment to docbook format. Detailed comment will be
added by the next patch.
This patch doesn't cause any visible behavior changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
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Currently, if the task is STOPPED on ptrace attach, it's left alone
and the state is silently changed to TRACED on the next ptrace call.
The behavior breaks the assumption that arch_ptrace_stop() is called
before any task is poked by ptrace and is ugly in that a task
manipulates the state of another task directly.
With GROUP_STOP_PENDING, the transitions between TASK_STOPPED and
TRACED can be made clean. The tracer can use the flag to tell the
tracee to retry stop on attach and detach. On retry, the tracee will
enter the desired state in the correct way. The lower 16bits of
task->group_stop is used to remember the signal number which caused
the last group stop. This is used while retrying for ptrace attach as
the original group_exit_code could have been consumed with wait(2) by
then.
As the real parent may wait(2) and consume the group_exit_code
anytime, the group_exit_code needs to be saved separately so that it
can be used when switching from regular sleep to ptrace_stop(). This
is recorded in the lower 16bits of task->group_stop.
If a task is already stopped and there's no intervening SIGCONT, a
ptrace request immediately following a successful PTRACE_ATTACH should
always succeed even if the tracer doesn't wait(2) for attach
completion; however, with this change, the tracee might still be
TASK_RUNNING trying to enter TASK_TRACED which would cause the
following request to fail with -ESRCH.
This intermediate state is hidden from the ptracer by setting
GROUP_STOP_TRAPPING on attach and making ptrace_check_attach() wait
for it to clear on its signal->wait_chldexit. Completing the
transition or getting killed clears TRAPPING and wakes up the tracer.
Note that the STOPPED -> RUNNING -> TRACED transition is still visible
to other threads which are in the same group as the ptracer and the
reverse transition is visible to all. Please read the comments for
details.
Oleg:
* Spotted a race condition where a task may retry group stop without
proper bookkeeping. Fixed by redoing bookkeeping on retry.
* Spotted that the transition is visible to userland in several
different ways. Most are fixed with GROUP_STOP_TRAPPING. Unhandled
corner case is documented.
* Pointed out not setting GROUP_STOP_SIGMASK on an already stopped
task would result in more consistent behavior.
* Pointed out that calling ptrace_stop() from do_signal_stop() in
TASK_STOPPED can race with group stop start logic and then confuse
the TRAPPING wait in ptrace_check_attach(). ptrace_stop() is now
called with TASK_RUNNING.
* Suggested using signal->wait_chldexit instead of bit wait.
* Spotted a race condition between TRACED transition and clearing of
TRAPPING.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kratochvil <jan.kratochvil@redhat.com>
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A ptraced task would still stop at do_signal_stop() when it's stopping
for stop signals and do_signal_stop() behaves the same whether the
task is ptraced or not. However, in addition to stopping,
ptrace_stop() also does ptrace specific stuff like calling
architecture specific callbacks, so this behavior makes the code more
fragile and difficult to understand.
This patch makes do_signal_stop() test whether the task is ptraced and
use ptrace_stop() if so. This renders tracehook_notify_jctl() rather
pointless as the ptrace notification is now handled by ptrace_stop()
regardless of the return value from the tracehook. It probably is a
good idea to update it.
This doesn't solve the whole problem as tasks already in stopped state
would stay in the regular stop when ptrace attached. That part will
be handled by the next patch.
Oleg pointed out that this makes a userland-visible change. Before,
SIGCONT would be able to wake up a task in group stop even if the task
is ptraced if the tracer hasn't issued another ptrace command
afterwards (as the next ptrace commands transitions the state into
TASK_TRACED which ignores SIGCONT wakeups). With this and the next
patch, SIGCONT may race with the transition into TASK_TRACED and is
ignored if the tracee already entered TASK_TRACED.
Another userland visible change of this and the next patch is that the
ptracee's state would now be TASK_TRACED where it used to be
TASK_STOPPED, which is visible via fs/proc.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kratochvil <jan.kratochvil@redhat.com>
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trapping for group stop
Currently, ptrace_stop() unconditionally participates in group stop
bookkeeping. This is unnecessary and inaccurate. Make it only
participate if the task is trapping for group stop - ie. if @why is
CLD_STOPPED. As ptrace_stop() currently is not used when trapping for
group stop, this equals to disabling group stop participation from
ptrace_stop().
A visible behavior change is increased likelihood of delayed group
stop completion if the thread group contains one or more ptraced
tasks.
This is to preapre for further cleanup of the interaction between
group stop and ptrace.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
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Currently task->signal->group_stop_count is used to decide whether to
stop for group stop. However, if there is a task in the group which
is taking a long time to stop, other tasks which are continued by
ptrace would repeatedly stop for the same group stop until the group
stop is complete.
Conversely, if a ptraced task is in TASK_TRACED state, the debugger
won't get notified of group stops which is inconsistent compared to
the ptraced task in any other state.
This patch introduces GROUP_STOP_PENDING which tracks whether a task
is yet to stop for the group stop in progress. The flag is set when a
group stop starts and cleared when the task stops the first time for
the group stop, and consulted whenever whether the task should
participate in a group stop needs to be determined. Note that now
tasks in TASK_TRACED also participate in group stop.
This results in the following behavior changes.
* For a single group stop, a ptracer would see at most one stop
reported.
* A ptracee in TASK_TRACED now also participates in group stop and the
tracer would get the notification. However, as a ptraced task could
be in TASK_STOPPED state or any ptrace trap could consume group
stop, the notification may still be missing. These will be
addressed with further patches.
* A ptracee may start a group stop while one is still in progress if
the tracer let it continue with stop signal delivery. Group stop
code handles this correctly.
Oleg:
* Spotted that a task might skip signal check even when its
GROUP_STOP_PENDING is set. Fixed by updating
recalc_sigpending_tsk() to check GROUP_STOP_PENDING instead of
group_stop_count.
* Pointed out that task->group_stop should be cleared whenever
task->signal->group_stop_count is cleared. Fixed accordingly.
* Pointed out the behavior inconsistency between TASK_TRACED and
RUNNING and the last behavior change.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
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task->signal->group_stop_count is used to track the progress of group
stop. It's initialized to the number of tasks which need to stop for
group stop to finish and each stopping or trapping task decrements.
However, each task doesn't keep track of whether it decremented the
counter or not and if woken up before the group stop is complete and
stops again, it can decrement the counter multiple times.
Please consider the following example code.
static void *worker(void *arg)
{
while (1) ;
return NULL;
}
int main(void)
{
pthread_t thread;
pid_t pid;
int i;
pid = fork();
if (!pid) {
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
pthread_create(&thread, NULL, worker, NULL);
while (1) ;
return 0;
}
ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, NULL, NULL);
while (1) {
waitid(P_PID, pid, NULL, WSTOPPED);
ptrace(PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, pid, NULL, (void *)(long)SIGSTOP);
}
return 0;
}
The child creates five threads and the parent continuously traps the
first thread and whenever the child gets a signal, SIGSTOP is
delivered. If an external process sends SIGSTOP to the child, all
other threads in the process should reliably stop. However, due to
the above bug, the first thread will often end up consuming
group_stop_count multiple times and SIGSTOP often ends up stopping
none or part of the other four threads.
This patch adds a new field task->group_stop which is protected by
siglock and uses GROUP_STOP_CONSUME flag to track which task is still
to consume group_stop_count to fix this bug.
task_clear_group_stop_pending() and task_participate_group_stop() are
added to help manipulating group stop states. As ptrace_stop() now
also uses task_participate_group_stop(), it will set
SIGNAL_STOP_STOPPED if it completes a group stop.
There still are many issues regarding the interaction between group
stop and ptrace. Patches to address them will follow.
- Oleg spotted duplicate GROUP_STOP_CONSUME. Dropped.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
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To prepare for cleanup of the interaction between group stop and
ptrace, add @why to ptrace_stop(). Existing users are updated such
that there is no behavior change.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
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tracehook_notify_jctl() aids in determining whether and what to report
to the parent when a task is stopped or continued. The function also
adds an extra requirement that siglock may be released across it,
which is currently unused and quite difficult to satisfy in
well-defined manner.
As job control and the notifications are about to receive major
overhaul, remove the tracehook and open code it. If ever necessary,
let's factor it out after the overhaul.
* Oleg spotted incorrect CLD_CONTINUED/STOPPED selection when ptraced.
Fixed.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
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do_signal_stop() is used only by get_signal_to_deliver() and after a
successful signal stop, it always calls try_to_freeze(), so the
try_to_freeze() loop around schedule() in do_signal_stop() is
superflous and confusing. Remove it.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
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This wake_up_state() has a turbulent history. This is a remnant from
ancient ptrace implementation and patently wrong. Commit 95a3540d
(ptrace_detach: the wrong wakeup breaks the ERESTARTxxx logic) removed
it but the change was reverted later by commit edaba2c5 (ptrace:
revert "ptrace_detach: the wrong wakeup breaks the ERESTARTxxx logic")
citing compatibility breakage and general brokeness of the whole group
stop / ptrace interaction. Then, recently, it got converted from
wake_up_process() to wake_up_state() to make it less dangerous.
Digging through the mailing archives, the compatibility breakage
doesn't seem to be critical in the sense that the behavior isn't well
defined or reliable to begin with and it seems to have been agreed to
remove the wakeup with proper cleanup of the whole thing.
Now that the group stop and its interaction with ptrace are being
cleaned up, it's high time to finally kill this silliness.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
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After a task receives SIGCONT, its parent is notified via SIGCHLD with
its siginfo describing what the notified event is. If SIGCONT is
received while the child process is stopped, the code should be
CLD_CONTINUED. If SIGCONT is recieved while the child process is in
the process of being stopped, it should be CLD_STOPPED. Which code to
use is determined in prepare_signal() and recorded in signal->flags
using SIGNAL_CLD_CONTINUED|STOP flags.
get_signal_deliver() should test these flags and then notify
accoringly; however, it incorrectly tested SIGNAL_STOP_CONTINUED
instead of SIGNAL_CLD_CONTINUED, thus incorrectly notifying
CLD_CONTINUED if the signal is delivered before the task is wait(2)ed
and CLD_STOPPED if the state was fetched already.
Fix it by testing SIGNAL_CLD_CONTINUED. While at it, uncompress the
?: test into if/else clause for better readability.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
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We've been burned by regressions/bugs which we later realized could have
been triaged quicker if only we'd paid closer attention to dmesg. To make
it easier to audit dmesg, we'd like to make DEFAULT_MESSAGE_LEVEL
Kconfig-settable. That way we can set it to KERN_NOTICE and audit any
messages <= KERN_WARNING.
Signed-off-by: Mandeep Singh Baines <msb@chromium.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Olof Johansson <olofj@chromium.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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In an effort to reduce kernel address leaks that might be used to help
target kernel privilege escalation exploits, this patch uses %pK when
displaying addresses in /proc/kallsyms, /proc/modules, and
/sys/module/*/sections/*.
Note that this changes %x to %p, so some legitimately 0 values in
/proc/kallsyms would have changed from 00000000 to "(null)". To avoid
this, "(null)" is not used when using the "K" format. Anything that was
already successfully parsing "(null)" in addition to full hex digits
should have no problem with this change. (Thanks to Joe Perches for the
suggestion.) Due to the %x to %p, "void *" casts are needed since these
addresses are already "unsigned long" everywhere internally, due to their
starting life as ELF section offsets.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees.cook@canonical.com>
Cc: Eugene Teo <eugene@redhat.com>
Cc: Dan Rosenberg <drosenberg@vsecurity.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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For a platform with many consoles like:
"console=tty1 console=ttyMFD2 console=ttyS0 earlyprintk=mrst"
Each time when the non "selected_console" (tty1 and ttyMFD2 here) get
registered, the existing kernel message will be printed out on registered
consoles again, the "mrst" early console will get some same message for 3
times, and "tty1" will get some for twice.
As suggested by Andrew Morton, every time a new console is registered, it
will be set as the "exclusive" console which will dump the already
existing kernel messages.
Signed-off-by: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
Cc: Greg KH <gregkh@suse.de>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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On some architectures, the boot process involves de-registering the boot
console (early boot), initialize drivers and then re-register the console.
This mechanism introduces a window in which no printk can happen on the
console and messages are buffered and then printed once the new console is
available.
If a kernel crashes during this window, all it's left on the boot console
is "console [foo] enabled, bootconsole disabled" making debug of the crash
rather 'interesting'.
By adding "keep_bootcon" option, do not unregister the boot console, that
will allow to printk everything that is happening up to the crash.
The option is clearly meant only for debugging purposes as it introduces
lots of duplicated info printed on console, but will make bug report from
users easier as it doesn't require a kernel build just to figure out where
we crash.
Signed-off-by: Fabio M. Di Nitto <fabbione@fabbione.net>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: Greg KH <gregkh@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This patch addresses a couple of problems. One was the case when the
hardlockup failed to start, it also failed to start the softlockup. There
were valid cases when the hardlockup shouldn't start and that shouldn't
block the softlockup (no lapic, bios controls perf counters).
The second problem was when the hardlockup failed to start on boxes (from
a no lapic or bios controlled perf counter case), it reported failure to
the cpu notifier chain. This blocked the notifier from continuing to
start other more critical pieces of cpu bring-up (in our case based on a
2.6.32 fork, it was the mce). As a result, during soft cpu online/offline
testing, the system would panic when a cpu was offlined because the cpu
notifier would succeed in processing a watchdog disable cpu event and
would panic in the mce case as a result of un-initialized variables from a
never executed cpu up event.
I realized the hardlockup/softlockup cases are really just debugging aids
and should never impede the progress of a cpu up/down event. Therefore I
modified the code to always return NOTIFY_OK and instead rely on printks
to inform the user of problems.
Signed-off-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Reviewed-by: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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When a cpu is considered stuck, instead of limping along and just printing
a warning, it is sometimes preferred to just panic, let kdump capture the
vmcore and reboot. This gets the machine back into a stable state quickly
while saving the info that got it into a stuck state to begin with.
Add a Kconfig option to allow users to set the hardlockup to panic
by default. Also add in a 'nmi_watchdog=nopanic' to override this.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix strncmp length]
Signed-off-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Reviewed-by: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Cleanup: kill the dead code which does nothing but complicates the code
and confuses the reader.
sys_unshare(CLONE_THREAD/SIGHAND/VM) is not really implemented, and I
doubt very much it will ever work. At least, nobody even tried since the
original 99d1419d96d7df9cfa56 ("unshare system call -v5: system call
handler function") was applied more than 4 years ago.
And the code is not consistent. unshare_thread() always fails
unconditionally, while unshare_sighand() and unshare_vm() pretend to work
if there is nothing to unshare.
Remove unshare_thread(), unshare_sighand(), unshare_vm() helpers and
related variables and add a simple CLONE_THREAD | CLONE_SIGHAND| CLONE_VM
check into check_unshare_flags().
Also, move the "CLONE_NEWNS needs CLONE_FS" check from
check_unshare_flags() to sys_unshare(). This looks more consistent and
matches the similar do_sysvsem check in sys_unshare().
Note: with or without this patch "atomic_read(mm->mm_users) > 1" can give
a false positive due to get_task_mm().
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Janak Desai <janak@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@free.fr>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Change the printk() calls to have the KERN_INFO/KERN_ERROR stuff, and
fixes other coding style errors. Not _all_ of them are gone, though.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: revert the bits I disagree with]
Signed-off-by: Michael Rodriguez <dkingston02@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Move setup_nr_cpu_ids(), smp_init() and some other SMP boot parameter
setup functions from init/main.c to kenrel/smp.c, saves some #ifdef
CONFIG_SMP.
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <amwang@redhat.com>
Cc: Rakib Mullick <rakib.mullick@gmail.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The oops=panic cmdline option is not x86 specific, move it to generic code.
Update documentation.
Signed-off-by: Olaf Hering <olaf@aepfle.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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ksoftirqd, kworker, migration, and pktgend kthreads can be created with
kthread_create_on_node(), to get proper NUMA affinities for their stack and
task_struct.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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All kthreads being created from a single helper task, they all use memory
from a single node for their kernel stack and task struct.
This patch suite creates kthread_create_on_node(), adding a 'cpu' parameter
to parameters already used by kthread_create().
This parameter serves in allocating memory for the new kthread on its
memory node if possible.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Add a node parameter to alloc_thread_info(), and change its name to
alloc_thread_info_node()
This change is needed to allow NUMA aware kthread_create_on_cpu()
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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All kthreads being created from a single helper task, they all use memory
from a single node for their kernel stack and task struct.
This patch suite creates kthread_create_on_cpu(), adding a 'cpu' parameter
to parameters already used by kthread_create().
This parameter serves in allocating memory for the new kthread on its
memory node if available.
Users of this new function are : ksoftirqd, kworker, migration, pktgend...
This patch:
Add a node parameter to alloc_task_struct(), and change its name to
alloc_task_struct_node()
This change is needed to allow NUMA aware kthread_create_on_cpu()
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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|
list_del() leaves poison in the prev and next pointers. The next
list_empty() will compare those poisons, and say the list isn't empty.
Any list operations that assume the node is on a list because of such a
check will be fooled into dereferencing poison. One needs to INIT the
node after the del, and fortunately there's already a wrapper for that -
list_del_init().
Some of the dels are followed by deallocations, so can be ignored, and one
can be merged with an add to make a move. Apart from that, I erred on the
side of caution in making nodes list_empty()-queriable.
Signed-off-by: Phil Carmody <ext-phil.2.carmody@nokia.com>
Reviewed-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Userland should be able to trust the pid and uid of the sender of a
signal if the si_code is SI_TKILL.
Unfortunately, the kernel has historically allowed sigqueueinfo() to
send any si_code at all (as long as it was negative - to distinguish it
from kernel-generated signals like SIGILL etc), so it could spoof a
SI_TKILL with incorrect siginfo values.
Happily, it looks like glibc has always set si_code to the appropriate
SI_QUEUE, so there are probably no actual user code that ever uses
anything but the appropriate SI_QUEUE flag.
So just tighten the check for si_code (we used to allow any negative
value), and add a (one-time) warning in case there are binaries out
there that might depend on using other si_code values.
Signed-off-by: Julien Tinnes <jln@google.com>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild-2.6
* 'trivial' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild-2.6: (25 commits)
video: change to new flag variable
scsi: change to new flag variable
rtc: change to new flag variable
rapidio: change to new flag variable
pps: change to new flag variable
net: change to new flag variable
misc: change to new flag variable
message: change to new flag variable
memstick: change to new flag variable
isdn: change to new flag variable
ieee802154: change to new flag variable
ide: change to new flag variable
hwmon: change to new flag variable
dma: change to new flag variable
char: change to new flag variable
fs: change to new flag variable
xtensa: change to new flag variable
um: change to new flag variables
s390: change to new flag variable
mips: change to new flag variable
...
Fix up trivial conflict in drivers/hwmon/Makefile
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip
* 'irq-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
genirq: Fix incorrect unlock in __setup_irq()
cris: Use generic show_interrupts()
genirq: show_interrupts: Check desc->name before printing it blindly
cris: Use accessor functions to set IRQ_PER_CPU flag
cris: Fix irq conversion fallout
* 'sched-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
sched, kernel-doc: Fix runqueue_is_locked() description
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip
* 'perf-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (30 commits)
trace, filters: Initialize the match variable in process_ops() properly
trace, documentation: Fix branch profiling location in debugfs
oprofile, s390: Cleanups
oprofile, s390: Remove hwsampler_files.c and merge it into init.c
perf: Fix tear-down of inherited group events
perf: Reorder & optimize perf_event_context to remove alignment padding on 64 bit builds
perf: Handle stopped state with tracepoints
perf: Fix the software events state check
perf, powerpc: Handle events that raise an exception without overflowing
perf, x86: Use INTEL_*_CONSTRAINT() for all PEBS event constraints
perf, x86: Clean up SandyBridge PEBS events
perf lock: Fix sorting by wait_min
perf tools: Version incorrect with some versions of grep
perf evlist: New command to list the names of events present in a perf.data file
perf script: Add support for H/W and S/W events
perf script: Add support for dumping symbols
perf script: Support custom field selection for output
perf script: Move printing of 'common' data from print_event and rename
perf tracing: Remove print_graph_cpu and print_graph_proc from trace-event-parse
perf script: Change process_event prototype
...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial: (47 commits)
doc: CONFIG_UNEVICTABLE_LRU doesn't exist anymore
Update cpuset info & webiste for cgroups
dcdbas: force SMI to happen when expected
arch/arm/Kconfig: remove one to many l's in the word.
asm-generic/user.h: Fix spelling in comment
drm: fix printk typo 'sracth'
Remove one to many n's in a word
Documentation/filesystems/romfs.txt: fixing link to genromfs
drivers:scsi Change printk typo initate -> initiate
serial, pch uart: Remove duplicate inclusion of linux/pci.h header
fs/eventpoll.c: fix spelling
mm: Fix out-of-date comments which refers non-existent functions
drm: Fix printk typo 'failled'
coh901318.c: Change initate to initiate.
mbox-db5500.c Change initate to initiate.
edac: correct i82975x error-info reported
edac: correct i82975x mci initialisation
edac: correct commented info
fs: update comments to point correct document
target: remove duplicate include of target/target_core_device.h from drivers/target/target_core_hba.c
...
Trivial conflict in fs/eventpoll.c (spelling vs addition)
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Make sure the 'match' variable always has a value.
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <new-submission>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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* 'kvm-updates/2.6.39' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: (55 commits)
KVM: unbreak userspace that does not sets tss address
KVM: MMU: cleanup pte write path
KVM: MMU: introduce a common function to get no-dirty-logged slot
KVM: fix rcu usage in init_rmode_* functions
KVM: fix kvmclock regression due to missing clock update
KVM: emulator: Fix permission checking in io permission bitmap
KVM: emulator: Fix io permission checking for 64bit guest
KVM: SVM: Load %gs earlier if CONFIG_X86_32_LAZY_GS=n
KVM: x86: Remove useless regs_page pointer from kvm_lapic
KVM: improve comment on rcu use in irqfd_deassign
KVM: MMU: remove unused macros
KVM: MMU: cleanup page alloc and free
KVM: MMU: do not record gfn in kvm_mmu_pte_write
KVM: MMU: move mmu pages calculated out of mmu lock
KVM: MMU: set spte accessed bit properly
KVM: MMU: fix kvm_mmu_slot_remove_write_access dropping intermediate W bits
KVM: Start lock documentation
KVM: better readability of efer_reserved_bits
KVM: Clear async page fault hash after switching to real mode
KVM: VMX: Initialize vm86 TSS only once.
...
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Use the newly added smp_call_func_t in smp_call_function_interrupt for
the func variable, and make the comment above the WARN more assertive
and explicit. Also, func is a function pointer and does not need an
offset, so use %pf not %pS.
Signed-off-by: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Mike Galbraith reported finding a lockup ("perma-spin bug") where the
cpumask passed to smp_call_function_many was cleared by other cpu(s)
while a cpu was preparing its call_data block, resulting in no cpu to
clear the last ref and unlock the block.
Having cpus clear their bit asynchronously could be useful on a mask of
cpus that might have a translation context, or cpus that need a push to
complete an rcu window.
Instead of adding a BUG_ON and requiring yet another cpumask copy, just
detect the race and handle it.
Note: arch_send_call_function_ipi_mask must still handle an empty
cpumask because the data block is globally visible before the that arch
callback is made. And (obviously) there are no guarantees to which cpus
are notified if the mask is changed during the call; only cpus that were
online and had their mask bit set during the whole call are guaranteed
to be called.
Reported-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Reported-by: Jan Beulich <JBeulich@novell.com>
Acked-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Paul McKenney's review pointed out two problems with the barriers in the
2.6.38 update to the smp call function many code.
First, a barrier that would force the func and info members of data to
be visible before their consumption in the interrupt handler was
missing. This can be solved by adding a smp_wmb between setting the
func and info members and setting setting the cpumask; this will pair
with the existing and required smp_rmb ordering the cpumask read before
the read of refs. This placement avoids the need a second smp_rmb in
the interrupt handler which would be executed on each of the N cpus
executing the call request. (I was thinking this barrier was present
but was not).
Second, the previous write to refs (establishing the zero that we the
interrupt handler was testing from all cpus) was performed by a third
party cpu. This would invoke transitivity which, as a recient or
concurrent addition to memory-barriers.txt now explicitly states, would
require a full smp_mb().
However, we know the cpumask will only be set by one cpu (the data
owner) and any preivous iteration of the mask would have cleared by the
reading cpu. By redundantly writing refs to 0 on the owning cpu before
the smp_wmb, the write to refs will follow the same path as the writes
that set the cpumask, which in turn allows us to keep the barrier in the
interrupt handler a smp_rmb instead of promoting it to a smp_mb (which
will be be executed by N cpus for each of the possible M elements on the
list).
I moved and expanded the comment about our (ab)use of the rcu list
primitives for the concurrent walk earlier into this function. I
considered moving the first two paragraphs to the queue list head and
lock, but felt it would have been too disconected from the code.
Cc: Paul McKinney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org (2.6.32 and later)
Signed-off-by: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Peter pointed out there was nothing preventing the list_del_rcu in
smp_call_function_interrupt from running before the list_add_rcu in
smp_call_function_many.
Fix this by not setting refs until we have gotten the lock for the list.
Take advantage of the wmb in list_add_rcu to save an explicit additional
one.
I tried to force this race with a udelay before the lock & list_add and
by mixing all 64 online cpus with just 3 random cpus in the mask, but
was unsuccessful. Still, inspection shows a valid race, and the fix is
a extension of the existing protection window in the current code.
Cc: stable@kernel.org (v2.6.32 and later)
Reported-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Export the symbols required for a race-free kvm_vcpu_on_spin.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
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goto out_thread is called before we take the lock. It causes a gcc
warning: "kernel/irq/manage.c:858: warning: ‘flags’ may be used
uninitialized in this function"
[ tglx: Moved unlock before free_cpumask_var() ]
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <error27@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <20110317114307.GJ2008@bicker>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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desc->name is not required and not used by all architectures.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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Replace EXTRA_CFLAGS with ccflags-y.
Signed-off-by: matt mooney <mfm@muteddisk.com>
Acked-by: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
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The debugfs interface for branch profiling is through
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_stat/branch_annotated
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_stat/branch_all
so update the Kconfig accordingly.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
LKML-Reference: <alpine.DEB.2.00.1103161716320.11407@chino.kir.corp.google.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6 into sh-latest
|
