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2013-10-24new helper: kfree_put_link()Al Viro1-9/+1
duplicated to hell and back... Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2013-09-12thp: account anon transparent huge pages into NR_ANON_PAGESKirill A. Shutemov1-6/+0
We use NR_ANON_PAGES as base for reporting AnonPages to user. There's not much sense in not accounting transparent huge pages there, but add them on printing to user. Let's account transparent huge pages in NR_ANON_PAGES in the first place. Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com> Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com> Cc: Ning Qu <quning@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11vmcore: enable /proc/vmcore mmap for s390Michael Holzheu1-1/+1
The patch "s390/vmcore: Implement remap_oldmem_pfn_range for s390" allows now to use mmap also on s390. So enable mmap for s390 again. Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: HATAYAMA Daisuke <d.hatayama@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Jan Willeke <willeke@de.ibm.com> Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11vmcore: introduce remap_oldmem_pfn_range()Michael Holzheu1-8/+83
For zfcpdump we can't map the HSA storage because it is only available via a read interface. Therefore, for the new vmcore mmap feature we have introduce a new mechanism to create mappings on demand. This patch introduces a new architecture function remap_oldmem_pfn_range() that should be used to create mappings with remap_pfn_range() for oldmem areas that can be directly mapped. For zfcpdump this is everything besides of the HSA memory. For the areas that are not mapped by remap_oldmem_pfn_range() a generic vmcore a new generic vmcore fault handler mmap_vmcore_fault() is called. This handler works as follows: * Get already available or new page from page cache (find_or_create_page) * Check if /proc/vmcore page is filled with data (PageUptodate) * If yes: Return that page * If no: Fill page using __vmcore_read(), set PageUptodate, and return page Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Cc: HATAYAMA Daisuke <d.hatayama@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Jan Willeke <willeke@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11vmcore: introduce ELF header in new memory featureMichael Holzheu1-10/+51
For s390 we want to use /proc/vmcore for our SCSI stand-alone dump (zfcpdump). We have support where the first HSA_SIZE bytes are saved into a hypervisor owned memory area (HSA) before the kdump kernel is booted. When the kdump kernel starts, it is restricted to use only HSA_SIZE bytes. The advantages of this mechanism are: * No crashkernel memory has to be defined in the old kernel. * Early boot problems (before kexec_load has been done) can be dumped * Non-Linux systems can be dumped. We modify the s390 copy_oldmem_page() function to read from the HSA memory if memory below HSA_SIZE bytes is requested. Since we cannot use the kexec tool to load the kernel in this scenario, we have to build the ELF header in the 2nd (kdump/new) kernel. So with the following patch set we would like to introduce the new function that the ELF header for /proc/vmcore can be created in the 2nd kernel memory. The following steps are done during zfcpdump execution: 1. Production system crashes 2. User boots a SCSI disk that has been prepared with the zfcpdump tool 3. Hypervisor saves CPU state of boot CPU and HSA_SIZE bytes of memory into HSA 4. Boot loader loads kernel into low memory area 5. Kernel boots and uses only HSA_SIZE bytes of memory 6. Kernel saves registers of non-boot CPUs 7. Kernel does memory detection for dump memory map 8. Kernel creates ELF header for /proc/vmcore 9. /proc/vmcore uses this header for initialization 10. The zfcpdump user space reads /proc/vmcore to write dump to SCSI disk - copy_oldmem_page() copies from HSA for memory below HSA_SIZE - copy_oldmem_page() copies from real memory for memory above HSA_SIZE Currently for s390 we create the ELF core header in the 2nd kernel with a small trick. We relocate the addresses in the ELF header in a way that for the /proc/vmcore code it seems to be in the 1st kernel (old) memory and the read_from_oldmem() returns the correct data. This allows the /proc/vmcore code to use the ELF header in the 2nd kernel. This patch: Exchange the old mechanism with the new and much cleaner function call override feature that now offcially allows to create the ELF core header in the 2nd kernel. To use the new feature the following function have to be defined by the architecture backend code to read from new memory: * elfcorehdr_alloc: Allocate ELF header * elfcorehdr_free: Free the memory of the ELF header * elfcorehdr_read: Read from ELF header * elfcorehdr_read_notes: Read from ELF notes Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Cc: HATAYAMA Daisuke <d.hatayama@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Jan Willeke <willeke@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11proc: make proc_fd_permission() thread-friendlyOleg Nesterov1-1/+1
proc_fd_permission() says "process can still access /proc/self/fd after it has executed a setuid()", but the "task_pid() = proc_pid() check only helps if the task is group leader, /proc/self points to /proc/<leader-pid>. Change this check to use task_tgid() so that the whole thread group can access its /proc/self/fd or /proc/<tid-of-sub-thread>/fd. Notes: - CLONE_THREAD does not require CLONE_FILES so task->files can differ, but I don't think this can lead to any security problem. And this matches same_thread_group() in __ptrace_may_access(). - /proc/self should probably point to /proc/<thread-tid>, but it is too late to change the rules. Perhaps it makes sense to add /proc/thread though. Test-case: void *tfunc(void *arg) { assert(opendir("/proc/self/fd")); return NULL; } int main(void) { pthread_t t; pthread_create(&t, NULL, tfunc, NULL); pthread_join(t, NULL); return 0; } fails if, say, this executable is not readable and suid_dumpable = 0. Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11fs/proc/task_mmu.c: check the return value of mpol_to_str()Chen Gang1-1/+3
mpol_to_str() may fail, and not fill the buffer (e.g. -EINVAL), so need check about it, or buffer may not be zero based, and next seq_printf() will cause issue. The failure return need after mpol_cond_put() to match get_vma_policy(). Signed-off-by: Chen Gang <gang.chen@asianux.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@gmail.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11mm: track vma changes with VM_SOFTDIRTY bitCyrill Gorcunov1-10/+36
Pavel reported that in case if vma area get unmapped and then mapped (or expanded) in-place, the soft dirty tracker won't be able to recognize this situation since it works on pte level and ptes are get zapped on unmap, loosing soft dirty bit of course. So to resolve this situation we need to track actions on vma level, there VM_SOFTDIRTY flag comes in. When new vma area created (or old expanded) we set this bit, and keep it here until application calls for clearing soft dirty bit. Thus when user space application track memory changes now it can detect if vma area is renewed. Reported-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Cc: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-07Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-1/+5
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace Pull namespace changes from Eric Biederman: "This is an assorted mishmash of small cleanups, enhancements and bug fixes. The major theme is user namespace mount restrictions. nsown_capable is killed as it encourages not thinking about details that need to be considered. A very hard to hit pid namespace exiting bug was finally tracked and fixed. A couple of cleanups to the basic namespace infrastructure. Finally there is an enhancement that makes per user namespace capabilities usable as capabilities, and an enhancement that allows the per userns root to nice other processes in the user namespace" * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace: userns: Kill nsown_capable it makes the wrong thing easy capabilities: allow nice if we are privileged pidns: Don't have unshare(CLONE_NEWPID) imply CLONE_THREAD userns: Allow PR_CAPBSET_DROP in a user namespace. namespaces: Simplify copy_namespaces so it is clear what is going on. pidns: Fix hang in zap_pid_ns_processes by sending a potentially extra wakeup sysfs: Restrict mounting sysfs userns: Better restrictions on when proc and sysfs can be mounted vfs: Don't copy mount bind mounts of /proc/<pid>/ns/mnt between namespaces kernel/nsproxy.c: Improving a snippet of code. proc: Restrict mounting the proc filesystem vfs: Lock in place mounts from more privileged users
2013-09-05Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/sparcLinus Torvalds1-0/+16
Pull sparc changes from David Miller: "Several bug fixes (from Kirill Tkhai, Geery Uytterhoeven, and Alexey Dobriyan) and some support for Fujitsu sparc64x chips (from Allen Pais)" * git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/sparc: sparc64: Export flush_ptrace_access() (needed by lustre) sparc: fix PCI device proc file mmap(2) sparc64: Remove RWSEM export leftovers sparc64: Fix off by one in trampoline TLB mapping installation loop. sparc64: Fix ITLB handler of null page esp_scsi: Fix tag state corruption when autosensing. sparc64: Fix not SRA'ed %o5 in 32-bit traced syscall sparc64: cleanup: Rename ret_from_syscall to ret_from_fork sparc32: Fix exit flag passed from traced sys_sigreturn sparc64: Fix wrong syscall return value passed to trace_sys_exit() support sparc64x chip type in cpumap.c cpu hw caps support for sparc64x
2013-09-05sparc: fix PCI device proc file mmap(2)Alexey Dobriyan1-0/+16
Commit 786d7e1612f0b0adb6046f19b906609e4fe8b1ba "Fix rmmod/read/write races in /proc entries" must have broken mmapping of PCI device proc files on Sparc. Notice how it adds wrapper around ->mmap but doesn't do it around ->get_unmapped_area. Add wrapper around ->get_unmapped_area. Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2013-08-26userns: Better restrictions on when proc and sysfs can be mountedEric W. Biederman1-2/+5
Rely on the fact that another flavor of the filesystem is already mounted and do not rely on state in the user namespace. Verify that the mounted filesystem is not covered in any significant way. I would love to verify that the previously mounted filesystem has no mounts on top but there are at least the directories /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc and /sys/fs/cgroup/ that exist explicitly for other filesystems to mount on top of. Refactor the test into a function named fs_fully_visible and call that function from the mount routines of proc and sysfs. This makes this test local to the filesystems involved and the results current of when the mounts take place, removing a weird threading of the user namespace, the mount namespace and the filesystems themselves. Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
2013-08-26proc: Restrict mounting the proc filesystemEric W. Biederman1-1/+2
Don't allow mounting the proc filesystem unless the caller has CAP_SYS_ADMIN rights over the pid namespace. The principle here is if you create or have capabilities over it you can mount it, otherwise you get to live with what other people have mounted. Andy pointed out that this is needed to prevent users in a user namespace from remounting proc and specifying different hidepid and gid options on already existing proc mounts. Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Reported-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
2013-08-25Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-2/+0
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull vfs fixes from Al Viro: "Assorted fixes from the last week or so" * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: VFS: collect_mounts() should return an ERR_PTR bfs: iget_locked() doesn't return an ERR_PTR efs: iget_locked() doesn't return an ERR_PTR() proc: kill the extra proc_readfd_common()->dir_emit_dots() cope with potentially long ->d_dname() output for shmem/hugetlb
2013-08-24proc: kill the extra proc_readfd_common()->dir_emit_dots()Oleg Nesterov1-2/+0
proc_readfd_common() does dir_emit_dots() twice in a row, we need to do this only once. Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2013-08-19proc: more readdir conversion bug-fixesLinus Torvalds1-1/+1
In the previous commit, Richard Genoud fixed proc_root_readdir(), which had lost the check for whether all of the non-process /proc entries had been returned or not. But that in turn exposed _another_ bug, namely that the original readdir conversion patch had yet another problem: it had lost the return value of proc_readdir_de(), so now checking whether it had completed successfully or not didn't actually work right anyway. This reinstates the non-zero return for the "end of base entries" that had also gotten lost in commit f0c3b5093add ("[readdir] convert procfs"). So now you get all the base entries *and* you get all the process entries, regardless of getdents buffer size. (Side note: the Linux "getdents" manual page actually has a nice example application for testing getdents, which can be easily modified to use different buffers. Who knew? Man-pages can be useful) Reported-by: Emmanuel Benisty <benisty.e@gmail.com> Reported-by: Marc Dionne <marc.c.dionne@gmail.com> Cc: Richard Genoud <richard.genoud@gmail.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-08-19proc: return on proc_readdir errorRichard Genoud1-1/+3
Commit f0c3b5093add ("[readdir] convert procfs") introduced a bug on the listing of the proc file-system. The return value of proc_readdir() isn't tested anymore in the proc_root_readdir function. This lead to an "interesting" behaviour when we are using the getdents() system call with a buffer too small: instead of failing, it returns the first entries of /proc (enough to fill the given buffer), plus the PID directories. This is not triggered on glibc (as getdents is called with a 32KB buffer), but on uclibc, the buffer size is only 1KB, thus some proc entries are missing. See https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/8/12/288 for more background. Signed-off-by: Richard Genoud <richard.genoud@gmail.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-08-13fs/proc/task_mmu.c: fix buffer overflow in add_page_map()yonghua zheng1-4/+4
Recently we met quite a lot of random kernel panic issues after enabling CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR. After debuggind we found this has something to do with following bug in pagemap: In struct pagemapread: struct pagemapread { int pos, len; pagemap_entry_t *buffer; bool v2; }; pos is number of PM_ENTRY_BYTES in buffer, but len is the size of buffer, it is a mistake to compare pos and len in add_page_map() for checking buffer is full or not, and this can lead to buffer overflow and random kernel panic issue. Correct len to be total number of PM_ENTRY_BYTES in buffer. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: document pagemapread.pos and .len units, fix PM_ENTRY_BYTES definition] Signed-off-by: Yonghua Zheng <younghua.zheng@gmail.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-08-13mm: save soft-dirty bits on file pagesCyrill Gorcunov1-0/+2
Andy reported that if file page get reclaimed we lose the soft-dirty bit if it was there, so save _PAGE_BIT_SOFT_DIRTY bit when page address get encoded into pte entry. Thus when #pf happens on such non-present pte we can restore it back. Reported-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Acked-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Cc: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-08-13mm: save soft-dirty bits on swapped pagesCyrill Gorcunov1-6/+15
Andy Lutomirski reported that if a page with _PAGE_SOFT_DIRTY bit set get swapped out, the bit is getting lost and no longer available when pte read back. To resolve this we introduce _PTE_SWP_SOFT_DIRTY bit which is saved in pte entry for the page being swapped out. When such page is to be read back from a swap cache we check for bit presence and if it's there we clear it and restore the former _PAGE_SOFT_DIRTY bit back. One of the problem was to find a place in pte entry where we can save the _PTE_SWP_SOFT_DIRTY bit while page is in swap. The _PAGE_PSE was chosen for that, it doesn't intersect with swap entry format stored in pte. Reported-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Acked-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Cc: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-18s390/kdump: Disable mmap for s390Michael Holzheu1-1/+1
The kdump mmap patch series (git commit 83086978c63afd7c73e1c) directly map the PT_LOADs to memory. On s390 this does not work because the copy_from_oldmem() function swaps [0,crashkernel size] with [crashkernel base, crashkernel base+crashkernel size]. The swap int copy_from_oldmem() was done in order correctly implement /dev/oldmem. See: http://marc.info/?l=kexec&m=136940802511603&w=2 Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
2013-07-03fs/proc/kcore.c: using strlcpy() instead of strncpy()Zhao Hongjiang1-1/+1
For NUL terminated string, set '\0' at the end. Signed-off-by: Zhao Hongjiang <zhaohongjiang@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-03fs/proc/uptime.c:uptime_proc_show(): use get_monotonic_boottime()Oleg Nesterov1-2/+1
Change uptime_proc_show() to use get_monotonic_boottime() instead of do_posix_clock_monotonic_gettime() + monotonic_to_bootbased(). Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Acked-by: John Stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com> Cc: Tomas Janousek <tjanouse@redhat.com> Cc: Tomas Smetana <tsmetana@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-03vmcore: support mmap() on /proc/vmcoreHATAYAMA Daisuke1-20/+116
This patch introduces mmap_vmcore(). Don't permit writable nor executable mapping even with mprotect() because this mmap() is aimed at reading crash dump memory. Non-writable mapping is also requirement of remap_pfn_range() when mapping linear pages on non-consecutive physical pages; see is_cow_mapping(). Set VM_MIXEDMAP flag to remap memory by remap_pfn_range and by remap_vmalloc_range_pertial at the same time for a single vma. do_munmap() can correctly clean partially remapped vma with two functions in abnormal case. See zap_pte_range(), vm_normal_page() and their comments for details. On x86-32 PAE kernels, mmap() supports at most 16TB memory only. This limitation comes from the fact that the third argument of remap_pfn_range(), pfn, is of 32-bit length on x86-32: unsigned long. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: use min(), switch to conventional error-unwinding approach] Signed-off-by: HATAYAMA Daisuke <d.hatayama@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Atsushi Kumagai <kumagai-atsushi@mxc.nes.nec.co.jp> Cc: Lisa Mitchell <lisa.mitchell@hp.com> Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Tested-by: Maxim Uvarov <muvarov@gmail.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-03vmcore: calculate vmcore file size from buffer size and total size of vmcore ↵HATAYAMA Daisuke1-33/+11
objects The previous patches newly added holes before each chunk of memory and the holes need to be count in vmcore file size. There are two ways to count file size in such a way: 1) suppose m is a poitner to the last vmcore object in vmcore_list. Then file size is (m->offset + m->size), or 2) calculate sum of size of buffers for ELF header, program headers, ELF note segments and objects in vmcore_list. Although 1) is more direct and simpler than 2), 2) seems better in that it reflects internal object structure of /proc/vmcore. Thus, this patch changes get_vmcore_size_elf{64, 32} so that it calculates size in the way of 2). As a result, both get_vmcore_size_elf{64, 32} have the same definition. Merge them as get_vmcore_size. Signed-off-by: HATAYAMA Daisuke <d.hatayama@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Atsushi Kumagai <kumagai-atsushi@mxc.nes.nec.co.jp> Cc: Lisa Mitchell <lisa.mitchell@hp.com> Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-03vmcore: allow user process to remap ELF note segment bufferHATAYAMA Daisuke1-0/+18
Now ELF note segment has been copied in the buffer on vmalloc memory. To allow user process to remap the ELF note segment buffer with remap_vmalloc_page, the corresponding VM area object has to have VM_USERMAP flag set. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: use the conventional comment layout] Signed-off-by: HATAYAMA Daisuke <d.hatayama@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Atsushi Kumagai <kumagai-atsushi@mxc.nes.nec.co.jp> Cc: Lisa Mitchell <lisa.mitchell@hp.com> Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-03vmcore: allocate ELF note segment in the 2nd kernel vmalloc memoryHATAYAMA Daisuke1-73/+286
The reasons why we don't allocate ELF note segment in the 1st kernel (old memory) on page boundary is to keep backward compatibility for old kernels, and that if doing so, we waste not a little memory due to round-up operation to fit the memory to page boundary since most of the buffers are in per-cpu area. ELF notes are per-cpu, so total size of ELF note segments depends on number of CPUs. The current maximum number of CPUs on x86_64 is 5192, and there's already system with 4192 CPUs in SGI, where total size amounts to 1MB. This can be larger in the near future or possibly even now on another architecture that has larger size of note per a single cpu. Thus, to avoid the case where memory allocation for large block fails, we allocate vmcore objects on vmalloc memory. This patch adds elfnotes_buf and elfnotes_sz variables to keep pointer to the ELF note segment buffer and its size. There's no longer the vmcore object that corresponds to the ELF note segment in vmcore_list. Accordingly, read_vmcore() has new case for ELF note segment and set_vmcore_list_offsets_elf{64,32}() and other helper functions starts calculating offset from sum of size of ELF headers and size of ELF note segment. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: use min(), fix error-path vzalloc() leaks] Signed-off-by: HATAYAMA Daisuke <d.hatayama@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Atsushi Kumagai <kumagai-atsushi@mxc.nes.nec.co.jp> Cc: Lisa Mitchell <lisa.mitchell@hp.com> Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-03vmcore: treat memory chunks referenced by PT_LOAD program header entries in ↵HATAYAMA Daisuke1-8/+22
page-size boundary in vmcore_list Treat memory chunks referenced by PT_LOAD program header entries in page-size boundary in vmcore_list. Formally, for each range [start, end], we set up the corresponding vmcore object in vmcore_list to [rounddown(start, PAGE_SIZE), roundup(end, PAGE_SIZE)]. This change affects layout of /proc/vmcore. The gaps generated by the rearrangement are newly made visible to applications as holes. Concretely, they are two ranges [rounddown(start, PAGE_SIZE), start] and [end, roundup(end, PAGE_SIZE)]. Suppose variable m points at a vmcore object in vmcore_list, and variable phdr points at the program header of PT_LOAD type the variable m corresponds to. Then, pictorially: m->offset +---------------+ | hole | phdr->p_offset = +---------------+ m->offset + (paddr - start) | |\ | kernel memory | phdr->p_memsz | |/ +---------------+ | hole | m->offset + m->size +---------------+ where m->offset and m->offset + m->size are always page-size aligned. Signed-off-by: HATAYAMA Daisuke <d.hatayama@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Atsushi Kumagai <kumagai-atsushi@mxc.nes.nec.co.jp> Cc: Lisa Mitchell <lisa.mitchell@hp.com> Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-03vmcore: allocate buffer for ELF headers on page-size alignmentHATAYAMA Daisuke1-68/+51
Allocate ELF headers on page-size boundary using __get_free_pages() instead of kmalloc(). Later patch will merge PT_NOTE entries into a single unique one and decrease the buffer size actually used. Keep original buffer size in variable elfcorebuf_sz_orig to kfree the buffer later and actually used buffer size with rounded up to page-size boundary in variable elfcorebuf_sz separately. The size of part of the ELF buffer exported from /proc/vmcore is elfcorebuf_sz. The merged, removed PT_NOTE entries, i.e. the range [elfcorebuf_sz, elfcorebuf_sz_orig], is filled with 0. Use size of the ELF headers as an initial offset value in set_vmcore_list_offsets_elf{64,32} and process_ptload_program_headers_elf{64,32} in order to indicate that the offset includes the holes towards the page boundary. As a result, both set_vmcore_list_offsets_elf{64,32} have the same definition. Merge them as set_vmcore_list_offsets. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: add free_elfcorebuf(), cleanups] Signed-off-by: HATAYAMA Daisuke <d.hatayama@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Atsushi Kumagai <kumagai-atsushi@mxc.nes.nec.co.jp> Cc: Lisa Mitchell <lisa.mitchell@hp.com> Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-03vmcore: clean up read_vmcore()HATAYAMA Daisuke1-48/+20
Rewrite part of read_vmcore() that reads objects in vmcore_list in the same way as part reading ELF headers, by which some duplicated and redundant codes are removed. Signed-off-by: HATAYAMA Daisuke <d.hatayama@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Atsushi Kumagai <kumagai-atsushi@mxc.nes.nec.co.jp> Cc: Lisa Mitchell <lisa.mitchell@hp.com> Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-03pagemap: prepare to reuse constant bits with page-shiftPavel Emelyanov1-1/+34
In order to reuse bits from pagemap entries gracefully, we leave the entries as is but on pagemap open emit a warning in dmesg, that bits 55-60 are about to change in a couple of releases. Next, if a user issues soft-dirty clear command via the clear_refs file (it was disabled before v3.9) we assume that he's aware of the new pagemap format, note that fact and report the bits in pagemap in the new manner. The "migration strategy" looks like this then: 1. existing users are not affected -- they don't touch soft-dirty feature, thus see old bits in pagemap, but are warned and have time to fix themselves 2. those who use soft-dirty know about new pagemap format 3. some time soon we get rid of any signs of page-shift in pagemap as well as this trick with clear-soft-dirty affecting pagemap format. Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Cc: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-03mm: soft-dirty bits for user memory changes trackingPavel Emelyanov1-5/+42
The soft-dirty is a bit on a PTE which helps to track which pages a task writes to. In order to do this tracking one should 1. Clear soft-dirty bits from PTEs ("echo 4 > /proc/PID/clear_refs) 2. Wait some time. 3. Read soft-dirty bits (55'th in /proc/PID/pagemap2 entries) To do this tracking, the writable bit is cleared from PTEs when the soft-dirty bit is. Thus, after this, when the task tries to modify a page at some virtual address the #PF occurs and the kernel sets the soft-dirty bit on the respective PTE. Note, that although all the task's address space is marked as r/o after the soft-dirty bits clear, the #PF-s that occur after that are processed fast. This is so, since the pages are still mapped to physical memory, and thus all the kernel does is finds this fact out and puts back writable, dirty and soft-dirty bits on the PTE. Another thing to note, is that when mremap moves PTEs they are marked with soft-dirty as well, since from the user perspective mremap modifies the virtual memory at mremap's new address. Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Cc: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-03pagemap: introduce pagemap_entry_t without pmshift bitsPavel Emelyanov1-18/+22
These bits are always constant (== PAGE_SHIFT) and just occupy space in the entry. Moreover, in next patch we will need to report one more bit in the pagemap, but all bits are already busy on it. That said, describe the pagemap entry that has 6 more free zero bits. Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Cc: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-03clear_refs: introduce private struct for mm_walkPavel Emelyanov1-2/+10
In the next patch the clear-refs-type will be required in clear_refs_pte_range funciton, so prepare the walk->private to carry this info. Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Cc: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-03clear_refs: sanitize accepted commands declarationPavel Emelyanov1-7/+12
This is the implementation of the soft-dirty bit concept that should help keep track of changes in user memory, which in turn is very-very required by the checkpoint-restore project (http://criu.org). To create a dump of an application(s) we save all the information about it to files, and the biggest part of such dump is the contents of tasks' memory. However, there are usage scenarios where it's not required to get _all_ the task memory while creating a dump. For example, when doing periodical dumps, it's only required to take full memory dump only at the first step and then take incremental changes of memory. Another example is live migration. We copy all the memory to the destination node without stopping all tasks, then stop them, check for what pages has changed, dump it and the rest of the state, then copy it to the destination node. This decreases freeze time significantly. That said, some help from kernel to watch how processes modify the contents of their memory is required. The proposal is to track changes with the help of new soft-dirty bit this way: 1. First do "echo 4 > /proc/$pid/clear_refs". At that point kernel clears the soft dirty _and_ the writable bits from all ptes of process $pid. From now on every write to any page will result in #pf and the subsequent call to pte_mkdirty/pmd_mkdirty, which in turn will set the soft dirty flag. 2. Then read the /proc/$pid/pagemap2 and check the soft-dirty bit reported there (the 55'th one). If set, the respective pte was written to since last call to clear refs. The soft-dirty bit is the _PAGE_BIT_HIDDEN one. Although it's used by kmemcheck, the latter one marks kernel pages with it, while the former bit is put on user pages so they do not conflict to each other. This patch: A new clear-refs type will be added in the next patch, so prepare code for that. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't assume that sizeof(enum clear_refs_types) == sizeof(int)] Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Cc: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-06-29Don't pass inode to ->d_hash() and ->d_compare()Linus Torvalds1-3/+4
Instances either don't look at it at all (the majority of cases) or only want it to find the superblock (which can be had as dentry->d_sb). A few cases that want more are actually safe with dentry->d_inode - the only precaution needed is the check that it hadn't been replaced with NULL by rmdir() or by overwriting rename(), which case should be simply treated as cache miss. Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2013-06-29proc_fill_cache(): clean up, get rid of pointless find_inode_number() useAl Viro1-23/+13
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2013-06-29proc_fill_cache(): just make instantiate_t return intAl Viro4-49/+43
all instances always return ERR_PTR(-E...) or NULL, anyway Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2013-06-29proc_pid_readdir(): stop wanking with proc_fill_cache() for /proc/selfAl Viro1-3/+3
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2013-06-29proc_fill_cache(): kill pointless checkAl Viro1-4/+2
we'd just checked that child->d_inode is non-NULL, for fuck sake! Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2013-06-29[readdir] convert procfsAl Viro8-470/+270
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2013-06-12kmsg: honor dmesg_restrict sysctl on /dev/kmsgKees Cook1-5/+5
The dmesg_restrict sysctl currently covers the syslog method for access dmesg, however /dev/kmsg isn't covered by the same protections. Most people haven't noticed because util-linux dmesg(1) defaults to using the syslog method for access in older versions. With util-linux dmesg(1) defaults to reading directly from /dev/kmsg. To fix /dev/kmsg, let's compare the existing interfaces and what they allow: - /proc/kmsg allows: - open (SYSLOG_ACTION_OPEN) if CAP_SYSLOG since it uses a destructive single-reader interface (SYSLOG_ACTION_READ). - everything, after an open. - syslog syscall allows: - anything, if CAP_SYSLOG. - SYSLOG_ACTION_READ_ALL and SYSLOG_ACTION_SIZE_BUFFER, if dmesg_restrict==0. - nothing else (EPERM). The use-cases were: - dmesg(1) needs to do non-destructive SYSLOG_ACTION_READ_ALLs. - sysklog(1) needs to open /proc/kmsg, drop privs, and still issue the destructive SYSLOG_ACTION_READs. AIUI, dmesg(1) is moving to /dev/kmsg, and systemd-journald doesn't clear the ring buffer. Based on the comments in devkmsg_llseek, it sounds like actions besides reading aren't going to be supported by /dev/kmsg (i.e. SYSLOG_ACTION_CLEAR), so we have a strict subset of the non-destructive syslog syscall actions. To this end, move the check as Josh had done, but also rename the constants to reflect their new uses (SYSLOG_FROM_CALL becomes SYSLOG_FROM_READER, and SYSLOG_FROM_FILE becomes SYSLOG_FROM_PROC). SYSLOG_FROM_READER allows non-destructive actions, and SYSLOG_FROM_PROC allows destructive actions after a capabilities-constrained SYSLOG_ACTION_OPEN check. - /dev/kmsg allows: - open if CAP_SYSLOG or dmesg_restrict==0 - reading/polling, after open Addresses https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=903192 [akpm@linux-foundation.org: use pr_warn_once()] Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reported-by: Christian Kujau <lists@nerdbynature.de> Tested-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@redhat.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay@vrfy.org> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-05-28posix-timers: Show clock ID in proc filePavel Tikhomirov1-0/+1
Expand information about posix-timers in /proc/<pid>/timers by adding info about clock, with which the timer was created. I.e. in the forth line of timer info after "notify:" line go "ClockID: <clock_id>". Signed-off-by: Pavel Tikhomirov <snorcht@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> Cc: Matthew Helsley <matt.helsley@gmail.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1368742323-46949-2-git-send-email-snorcht@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2013-05-07Merge branch 'slab/for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-1/+1
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/linux Pull slab changes from Pekka Enberg: "The bulk of the changes are more slab unification from Christoph. There's also few fixes from Aaron, Glauber, and Joonsoo thrown into the mix." * 'slab/for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/linux: (24 commits) mm, slab_common: Fix bootstrap creation of kmalloc caches slab: Return NULL for oversized allocations mm: slab: Verify the nodeid passed to ____cache_alloc_node slub: tid must be retrieved from the percpu area of the current processor slub: Do not dereference NULL pointer in node_match slub: add 'likely' macro to inc_slabs_node() slub: correct to calculate num of acquired objects in get_partial_node() slub: correctly bootstrap boot caches mm/sl[au]b: correct allocation type check in kmalloc_slab() slab: Fixup CONFIG_PAGE_ALLOC/DEBUG_SLAB_LEAK sections slab: Handle ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN correctly slab: Common definition for kmem_cache_node slab: Rename list3/l3 to node slab: Common Kmalloc cache determination stat: Use size_t for sizes instead of unsigned slab: Common function to create the kmalloc array slab: Common definition for the array of kmalloc caches slab: Common constants for kmalloc boundaries slab: Rename nodelists to node slab: Common name for the per node structures ...
2013-05-07Merge branch 'slab/next' into slab/for-linusPekka Enberg1-1/+1
2013-05-04proc_devtree: Replace include linux/module.h with linux/export.hSyam Sidhardhan1-1/+1
Since it uses only THIS_MODULE macro, include <linux/export.h> is the right to go here. Signed-off-by: Syam Sidhardhan <s.syam@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2013-05-01Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds12-612/+501
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull VFS updates from Al Viro, Misc cleanups all over the place, mainly wrt /proc interfaces (switch create_proc_entry to proc_create(), get rid of the deprecated create_proc_read_entry() in favor of using proc_create_data() and seq_file etc). 7kloc removed. * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (204 commits) don't bother with deferred freeing of fdtables proc: Move non-public stuff from linux/proc_fs.h to fs/proc/internal.h proc: Make the PROC_I() and PDE() macros internal to procfs proc: Supply a function to remove a proc entry by PDE take cgroup_open() and cpuset_open() to fs/proc/base.c ppc: Clean up scanlog ppc: Clean up rtas_flash driver somewhat hostap: proc: Use remove_proc_subtree() drm: proc: Use remove_proc_subtree() drm: proc: Use minor->index to label things, not PDE->name drm: Constify drm_proc_list[] zoran: Don't print proc_dir_entry data in debug reiserfs: Don't access the proc_dir_entry in r_open(), r_start() r_show() proc: Supply an accessor for getting the data from a PDE's parent airo: Use remove_proc_subtree() rtl8192u: Don't need to save device proc dir PDE rtl8187se: Use a dir under /proc/net/r8180/ proc: Add proc_mkdir_data() proc: Move some bits from linux/proc_fs.h to linux/{of.h,signal.h,tty.h} proc: Move PDE_NET() to fs/proc/proc_net.c ...
2013-05-01proc: Move non-public stuff from linux/proc_fs.h to fs/proc/internal.hDavid Howells2-111/+197
Move non-public declarations and definitions from linux/proc_fs.h to fs/proc/internal.h. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2013-05-01proc: Make the PROC_I() and PDE() macros internal to procfsDavid Howells3-2/+26
Make the PROC_I() and PDE() macros internal to procfs. This means making PDE_DATA() out of line. This could be made more optimal by storing PDE()->data into inode->i_private. Also provide a __PDE_DATA() that is inline and internal to procfs. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2013-05-01proc: Supply a function to remove a proc entry by PDEDavid Howells2-1/+8
Supply a function (proc_remove()) to remove a proc entry (and any subtree rooted there) by proc_dir_entry pointer rather than by name and (optionally) root dir entry pointer. This allows us to eliminate all remaining pde->name accesses outside of procfs. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Acked-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@linaro.or> cc: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org cc: openipmi-developer@lists.sourceforge.net cc: devicetree-discuss@lists.ozlabs.org cc: linux-pci@vger.kernel.org cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org cc: netfilter-devel@vger.kernel.org cc: alsa-devel@alsa-project.org Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>