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Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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A recent commit made null_blk depend on configfs, which is kind of
annoying since you now have to find this dependency and enable that
as well. Discovered this since I no longer had null_blk available
on a box I needed to debug, since it got killed when the config
updated after the configfs change was merged.
Fixes: 3bf2bd20734e ("nullb: add configfs interface")
Reviewed-by: Shaohua Li <shli@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Pull SCSI updates from James Bottomley:
"This is mostly updates of the usual suspects: lpfc, qla2xxx, hisi_sas,
megaraid_sas, zfcp and a host of minor updates.
The major driver change here is the elimination of the block based
cciss driver in favour of the SCSI based hpsa driver (which now drives
all the legacy cases cciss used to be required for). Plus a reset
handler clean up and the redo of the SAS SMP handler to use bsg lib"
* tag 'scsi-misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jejb/scsi: (279 commits)
scsi: scsi-mq: Always unprepare before requeuing a request
scsi: Show .retries and .jiffies_at_alloc in debugfs
scsi: Improve requeuing behavior
scsi: Call scsi_initialize_rq() for filesystem requests
scsi: qla2xxx: Reset the logo flag, after target re-login.
scsi: qla2xxx: Fix slow mem alloc behind lock
scsi: qla2xxx: Clear fc4f_nvme flag
scsi: qla2xxx: add missing includes for qla_isr
scsi: qla2xxx: Fix an integer overflow in sysfs code
scsi: aacraid: report -ENOMEM to upper layer from aac_convert_sgraw2()
scsi: aacraid: get rid of one level of indentation
scsi: aacraid: fix indentation errors
scsi: storvsc: fix memory leak on ring buffer busy
scsi: scsi_transport_sas: switch to bsg-lib for SMP passthrough
scsi: smartpqi: remove the smp_handler stub
scsi: hpsa: remove the smp_handler stub
scsi: bsg-lib: pass the release callback through bsg_setup_queue
scsi: Rework handling of scsi_device.vpd_pg8[03]
scsi: Rework the code for caching Vital Product Data (VPD)
scsi: rcu: Introduce rcu_swap_protected()
...
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Pull block layer updates from Jens Axboe:
"This is the first pull request for 4.14, containing most of the code
changes. It's a quiet series this round, which I think we needed after
the churn of the last few series. This contains:
- Fix for a registration race in loop, from Anton Volkov.
- Overflow complaint fix from Arnd for DAC960.
- Series of drbd changes from the usual suspects.
- Conversion of the stec/skd driver to blk-mq. From Bart.
- A few BFQ improvements/fixes from Paolo.
- CFQ improvement from Ritesh, allowing idling for group idle.
- A few fixes found by Dan's smatch, courtesy of Dan.
- A warning fixup for a race between changing the IO scheduler and
device remova. From David Jeffery.
- A few nbd fixes from Josef.
- Support for cgroup info in blktrace, from Shaohua.
- Also from Shaohua, new features in the null_blk driver to allow it
to actually hold data, among other things.
- Various corner cases and error handling fixes from Weiping Zhang.
- Improvements to the IO stats tracking for blk-mq from me. Can
drastically improve performance for fast devices and/or big
machines.
- Series from Christoph removing bi_bdev as being needed for IO
submission, in preparation for nvme multipathing code.
- Series from Bart, including various cleanups and fixes for switch
fall through case complaints"
* 'for-4.14/block' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (162 commits)
kernfs: checking for IS_ERR() instead of NULL
drbd: remove BIOSET_NEED_RESCUER flag from drbd_{md_,}io_bio_set
drbd: Fix allyesconfig build, fix recent commit
drbd: switch from kmalloc() to kmalloc_array()
drbd: abort drbd_start_resync if there is no connection
drbd: move global variables to drbd namespace and make some static
drbd: rename "usermode_helper" to "drbd_usermode_helper"
drbd: fix race between handshake and admin disconnect/down
drbd: fix potential deadlock when trying to detach during handshake
drbd: A single dot should be put into a sequence.
drbd: fix rmmod cleanup, remove _all_ debugfs entries
drbd: Use setup_timer() instead of init_timer() to simplify the code.
drbd: fix potential get_ldev/put_ldev refcount imbalance during attach
drbd: new disk-option disable-write-same
drbd: Fix resource role for newly created resources in events2
drbd: mark symbols static where possible
drbd: Send P_NEG_ACK upon write error in protocol != C
drbd: add explicit plugging when submitting batches
drbd: change list_for_each_safe to while(list_first_entry_or_null)
drbd: introduce drbd_recv_header_maybe_unplug
...
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The hpsa driver now has support for all boards the cciss driver
used to support, so this patch removes the cciss driver and
make hpsa an alias to cciss.
Signed-off-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Acked-by: Don Brace <don.brace@microsemi.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
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Lguest seems to be rather unused these days. It has seen only patches
ensuring it still builds the last two years and its official state is
"Odd Fixes".
Remove it in order to be able to clean up the paravirt code.
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com
Cc: lguest@lists.ozlabs.org
Cc: rusty@rustcorp.com.au
Cc: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170816173157.8633-3-jgross@suse.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Add configfs interface for nullb. configfs interface is more flexible
and easy to configure in a per-disk basis.
Configuration is something like this:
mount -t configfs none /mnt
Checking which features the driver supports:
cat /mnt/nullb/features
The 'features' attribute is for future extension. We probably will add
new features into the driver, userspace can check this attribute to find
the supported features.
Create/remove a device:
mkdir/rmdir /mnt/nullb/a
Then configure the device by setting attributes under /mnt/nullb/a, most
of nullb supported module parameters are converted to attributes:
size; /* device size in MB */
completion_nsec; /* time in ns to complete a request */
submit_queues; /* number of submission queues */
home_node; /* home node for the device */
queue_mode; /* block interface */
blocksize; /* block size */
irqmode; /* IRQ completion handler */
hw_queue_depth; /* queue depth */
use_lightnvm; /* register as a LightNVM device */
blocking; /* blocking blk-mq device */
use_per_node_hctx; /* use per-node allocation for hardware context */
Note, creating a device doesn't create a disk immediately. Creating a
disk is done in two phases: create a device and then power on the
device. Next patch will introduce device power on.
Based on original patch from Kyungchan Koh
Signed-off-by: Kyungchan Koh <kkc6196@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shli@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm
Pull libnvdimm updates from Dan Williams:
"The bulk of this has been in multiple -next releases. There were a few
late breaking fixes and small features that got added in the last
couple days, but the whole set has received a build success
notification from the kbuild robot.
Change summary:
- Region media error reporting: A libnvdimm region device is the
parent to one or more namespaces. To date, media errors have been
reported via the "badblocks" attribute attached to pmem block
devices for namespaces in "raw" or "memory" mode. Given that
namespaces can be in "device-dax" or "btt-sector" mode this new
interface reports media errors generically, i.e. independent of
namespace modes or state.
This subsequently allows userspace tooling to craft "ACPI 6.1
Section 9.20.7.6 Function Index 4 - Clear Uncorrectable Error"
requests and submit them via the ioctl path for NVDIMM root bus
devices.
- Introduce 'struct dax_device' and 'struct dax_operations': Prompted
by a request from Linus and feedback from Christoph this allows for
dax capable drivers to publish their own custom dax operations.
This fixes the broken assumption that all dax operations are
related to a persistent memory device, and makes it easier for
other architectures and platforms to add customized persistent
memory support.
- 'libnvdimm' core updates: A new "deep_flush" sysfs attribute is
available for storage appliance applications to manually trigger
memory controllers to drain write-pending buffers that would
otherwise be flushed automatically by the platform ADR
(asynchronous-DRAM-refresh) mechanism at a power loss event.
Support for "locked" DIMMs is included to prevent namespaces from
surfacing when the namespace label data area is locked. Finally,
fixes for various reported deadlocks and crashes, also tagged for
-stable.
- ACPI / nfit driver updates: General updates of the nfit driver to
add DSM command overrides, ACPI 6.1 health state flags support, DSM
payload debug available by default, and various fixes.
Acknowledgements that came after the branch was pushed:
- commmit 565851c972b5 "device-dax: fix sysfs attribute deadlock":
Tested-by: Yi Zhang <yizhan@redhat.com>
- commit 23f498448362 "libnvdimm: rework region badblocks clearing"
Tested-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>"
* tag 'libnvdimm-for-4.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm: (52 commits)
libnvdimm, pfn: fix 'npfns' vs section alignment
libnvdimm: handle locked label storage areas
libnvdimm: convert NDD_ flags to use bitops, introduce NDD_LOCKED
brd: fix uninitialized use of brd->dax_dev
block, dax: use correct format string in bdev_dax_supported
device-dax: fix sysfs attribute deadlock
libnvdimm: restore "libnvdimm: band aid btt vs clear poison locking"
libnvdimm: fix nvdimm_bus_lock() vs device_lock() ordering
libnvdimm: rework region badblocks clearing
acpi, nfit: kill ACPI_NFIT_DEBUG
libnvdimm: fix clear length of nvdimm_forget_poison()
libnvdimm, pmem: fix a NULL pointer BUG in nd_pmem_notify
libnvdimm, region: sysfs trigger for nvdimm_flush()
libnvdimm: fix phys_addr for nvdimm_clear_poison
x86, dax, pmem: remove indirection around memcpy_from_pmem()
block: remove block_device_operations ->direct_access()
block, dax: convert bdev_dax_supported() to dax_direct_access()
filesystem-dax: convert to dax_direct_access()
Revert "block: use DAX for partition table reads"
ext2, ext4, xfs: retrieve dax_device for iomap operations
...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial
Pull trivial tree updates from Jiri Kosina.
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial:
tty: fix comment for __tty_alloc_driver()
init/main: properly align the multi-line comment
init/main: Fix double "the" in comment
Fix dead URLs to ftp.kernel.org
drivers: Clean up duplicated email address
treewide: Fix typo in xml/driver-api/basics.xml
tools/testing/selftests/powerpc: remove redundant CFLAGS in Makefile: "-Wall -O2 -Wall" -> "-O2 -Wall"
selftests/timers: Spelling s/privledges/privileges/
HID: picoLCD: Spelling s/REPORT_WRTIE_MEMORY/REPORT_WRITE_MEMORY/
net: phy: dp83848: Fix Typo
UBI: Fix typos
Documentation: ftrace.txt: Correct nice value of 120 priority
net: fec: Fix typo in error msg and comment
treewide: Fix typos in printk
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Signed-off-by: Jean Delvare <jdelvare@suse.de>
Fixes: 97b50a654d5d ("virtio_blk: make SCSI passthrough support configurable")
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
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Setup a dax_inode to have the same lifetime as the brd block device and
add a ->direct_access() method that is equivalent to
brd_direct_access(). Once fs/dax.c has been converted to use
dax_operations the old brd_direct_access() will be removed.
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
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This was just a proof of concept user for the SCSI OSD library, and
never had any real users.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: Boaz Harrosh <ooo@electrozaur.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
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This drivers was added in 2008, but as far as a I can tell we never had a
single platform that actually registered resources for the platform driver.
It's also been unmaintained for a long time and apparently has a ATA mode
that can be driven using the IDE/libata subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
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This driver is for pre-IDE hardisk that are only found in PC from the
stoneage of personal computing, and which we don't support elsewhere
in the kernel these days.
It's also been marked broken forever.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
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URLs to ftp.kernel.org are still exist though the service is closed [0].
This commit fixes the URLs to use www.kernel.org instead.
[0] https://www.kernel.org/shutting-down-ftp-services.html
Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sj38.park@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
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The SCSI passthrough idea was a a bad idea to start with (guess who came
up with it?), and has been removed from the virtio 1.O spec, and is not
enabled by defauly by any host I know of. Add a separate config option
for it so that we don't need to enable it for most setups. That way
any bugs related to it (like the one recently fixed for vmapped stacks)
do not affect other users, and the size of the virtblk_req structure
also shrinks significantly.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
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We only need this code to support scsi, ide, cciss and virtio. And at
least for virtio it's a deprecated feature to start with.
This should shrink the kernel size for embedded device that only use,
say eMMC a bit.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
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This driver is both orphaned, and not really useful anymore. Mark
it as such, and remove it in a future kernel after a release or
two.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
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We disabled the ability to enable this driver back in October of 2013,
we should be able to safely remove it at this point. The initial goal
was to remove it in 3.15, so now is the time.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
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This patch moves the NVMe driver from drivers/block/ to its own new
drivers/nvme/host/ directory. This is in preparation of splitting the
current monolithic driver up and add support for the upcoming NVMe
over Fabrics standard. The drivers/nvme/host/ is chose to leave space
for a NVMe target implementation in addition to this host side driver.
Signed-off-by: Jay Sternberg <jay.e.sternberg@intel.com>
[hch: rebased, renamed core.c to pci.c, slight tweaks]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
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Prepare the pmem driver to consume PMEM namespaces emitted by regions of
an nvdimm_bus instance. No functional change.
Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Tested-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
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PMEM is a new driver that presents a reserved range of memory as
a block device. This is useful for developing with NV-DIMMs,
and can be used with volatile memory as a development platform.
This patch contains the initial driver from Ross Zwisler, with
various changes: converted it to use a platform_device for
discovery, fixed partition support and merged various patches
from Boaz Harrosh.
Tested-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Boaz Harrosh <boaz@plexistor.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-nvdimm@ml01.01.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1427872339-6688-3-git-send-email-hch@lst.de
[ Minor cleanups. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Since this is relating to FS_XIP, not KERNEL_XIP, it should be called
DAX instead of XIP.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <matthew.r.wilcox@intel.com>
Cc: Andreas Dilger <andreas.dilger@intel.com>
Cc: Boaz Harrosh <boaz@plexistor.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Zram has lived in staging for a LONG LONG time and have been
fixed/improved by many contributors so code is clean and stable now. Of
course, there are lots of product using zram in real practice.
The major TV companys have used zram as swap since two years ago and
recently our production team released android smart phone with zram
which is used as swap, too and recently Android Kitkat start to use zram
for small memory smart phone. And there was a report Google released
their ChromeOS with zram, too and cyanogenmod have been used zram long
time ago. And I heard some disto have used zram block device for tmpfs.
In addition, I saw many report from many other peoples. For example,
Lubuntu start to use it.
The benefit of zram is very clear. With my experience, one of the
benefit was to remove jitter of video application with backgroud memory
pressure. It would be effect of efficient memory usage by compression
but more issue is whether swap is there or not in the system. Recent
mobile platforms have used JAVA so there are many anonymous pages. But
embedded system normally are reluctant to use eMMC or SDCard as swap
because there is wear-leveling and latency issues so if we do not use
swap, it means we can't reclaim anoymous pages and at last, we could
encounter OOM kill. :(
Although we have real storage as swap, it was a problem, too. Because
it sometime ends up making system very unresponsible caused by slow swap
storage performance.
Quote from Luigi on Google
"Since Chrome OS was mentioned: the main reason why we don't use swap
to a disk (rotating or SSD) is because it doesn't degrade gracefully
and leads to a bad interactive experience. Generally we prefer to
manage RAM at a higher level, by transparently killing and restarting
processes. But we noticed that zram is fast enough to be competitive
with the latter, and it lets us make more efficient use of the
available RAM. " and he announced.
http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-mm/msg57717.html
Other uses case is to use zram for block device. Zram is block device
so anyone can format the block device and mount on it so some guys on
the internet start zram as /var/tmp.
http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-838198-start-0.html
Let's promote zram and enhance/maintain it instead of removing.
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Luigi Semenzato <semenzato@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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RAM block device support module name changed to brd.ko some years ago
with an "rd" alias to match previous module implementation. This patch
updates its Kconfig definition.
Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Pull block driver updates from Jens Axboe:
"This is the block driver pull request for 3.13. As with the core pull
request just sent out, this was rebased on top of the core branch
again after the immutable series was pulled. This also means that
bcache gets to sit the initial pull over. I will send a second driver
pull request in the merge window to get those fixes in, once they have
been rebased and tested on top of the non-immutable stack.
This pull request contains:
- Add support for the sTec Kronos pci-e flash card from sTec. Also
has various cleanups for this driver, from myself, Bart, Mike
Snizter, and Wei Yongjun.
- Add surprise removal support for the micron mtip32xx driver from
Micron.
- Floppy documentation fix from Ben Harris.
- debugfs bug fix for pktcdvd from Dan Carpenter.
- Fix for the mtip32xx driver stack usage in the debugfs path,
dynamically allocating those buffers instead. From David Milburn.
- Disable cpqarray in Kconfig. The plan is to remove it on request
of HP, but lets disable it for a few revisions just to see if
anyone yells.
- drbd fixes from Lars Ellenberg and Philipp Reisner.
- Elevator switch fix for the s390 block driver from Heiko Carstens.
- loop crash fix on IO to unassigned device from Mikulas Patocka.
- A series of bug fixes for the IBM rsxx pci-e flash driver from
Philip J Kelleher.
- cciss probe fix from Stephen Cameron.
- Xen block front/back fixes from Roger Pau Monne and Vegard Nossum"
* 'for-3.13/drivers' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (41 commits)
floppy: Correct documentation of driver options when used as a module.
pktcdvd: debugfs functions return NULL on error
xen-blkfront: restore the non-persistent data path
skd: fix formatting in skd_s1120.h
skd: reorder construct/destruct code
skd: cleanup skd_do_inq_page_da()
skd: remove SKD_OMIT_FROM_SRC_DIST ifdefs
skd: remove redundant skdev->pdev assignment from skd_pci_probe()
skd: use <asm/unaligned.h>
skd: remove SCSI subsystem specific includes
skd: register block device only if some devices are present
skd: fix error messages in skd_init()
skd: fix error paths in skd_init()
skd: fix unregister_blkdev() placement
skd: more removal of bio-based code
skd: cleanup the skd_*() function block wrapping
skd: rip out bio path
skd: fix error return code in skd_pci_probe()
s390/dasd: hold request queue sysfs lock when calling elevator_init()
cciss: return 0 from driver probe function on success, not 1
...
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Pull block IO core updates from Jens Axboe:
"This is the pull request for the core changes in the block layer for
3.13. It contains:
- The new blk-mq request interface.
This is a new and more scalable queueing model that marries the
best part of the request based interface we currently have (which
is fully featured, but scales poorly) and the bio based "interface"
which the new drivers for high IOPS devices end up using because
it's much faster than the request based one.
The bio interface has no block layer support, since it taps into
the stack much earlier. This means that drivers end up having to
implement a lot of functionality on their own, like tagging,
timeout handling, requeue, etc. The blk-mq interface provides all
these. Some drivers even provide a switch to select bio or rq and
has code to handle both, since things like merging only works in
the rq model and hence is faster for some workloads. This is a
huge mess. Conversion of these drivers nets us a substantial code
reduction. Initial results on converting SCSI to this model even
shows an 8x improvement on single queue devices. So while the
model was intended to work on the newer multiqueue devices, it has
substantial improvements for "classic" hardware as well. This code
has gone through extensive testing and development, it's now ready
to go. A pull request is coming to convert virtio-blk to this
model will be will be coming as well, with more drivers scheduled
for 3.14 conversion.
- Two blktrace fixes from Jan and Chen Gang.
- A plug merge fix from Alireza Haghdoost.
- Conversion of __get_cpu_var() from Christoph Lameter.
- Fix for sector_div() with 64-bit divider from Geert Uytterhoeven.
- A fix for a race between request completion and the timeout
handling from Jeff Moyer. This is what caused the merge conflict
with blk-mq/core, in case you are looking at that.
- A dm stacking fix from Mike Snitzer.
- A code consolidation fix and duplicated code removal from Kent
Overstreet.
- A handful of block bug fixes from Mikulas Patocka, fixing a loop
crash and memory corruption on blk cg.
- Elevator switch bug fix from Tomoki Sekiyama.
A heads-up that I had to rebase this branch. Initially the immutable
bio_vecs had been queued up for inclusion, but a week later, it became
clear that it wasn't fully cooked yet. So the decision was made to
pull this out and postpone it until 3.14. It was a straight forward
rebase, just pruning out the immutable series and the later fixes of
problems with it. The rest of the patches applied directly and no
further changes were made"
* 'for-3.13/core' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (31 commits)
block: replace IS_ERR and PTR_ERR with PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO
block: replace IS_ERR and PTR_ERR with PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO
block: Do not call sector_div() with a 64-bit divisor
kernel: trace: blktrace: remove redundent memcpy() in compat_blk_trace_setup()
block: Consolidate duplicated bio_trim() implementations
block: Use rw_copy_check_uvector()
block: Enable sysfs nomerge control for I/O requests in the plug list
block: properly stack underlying max_segment_size to DM device
elevator: acquire q->sysfs_lock in elevator_change()
elevator: Fix a race in elevator switching and md device initialization
block: Replace __get_cpu_var uses
bdi: test bdi_init failure
block: fix a probe argument to blk_register_region
loop: fix crash if blk_alloc_queue fails
blk-core: Fix memory corruption if blkcg_init_queue fails
block: fix race between request completion and timeout handling
blktrace: Send BLK_TN_PROCESS events to all running traces
blk-mq: don't disallow request merges for req->special being set
blk-mq: mq plug list breakage
blk-mq: fix for flush deadlock
...
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Mike writes:
"cpqarray hasn't been used in over 12 years. It's doubtful that anyone
still uses the board. It's time the driver was removed from the mainline
kernel. The only updates these days are minor and mostly done by people
outside of HP."
If nobody yells, we'll remove it from the kernel tree completely
for 3.15.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Signed-off-by: Akhil Bhansali <abhansali@stec-inc.com>
Signed-off-by: Ramprasad Chinthekindi <rchinthekindi@stec-inc.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Folded patch, contributions to clean up this driver from:
Jens Axboe
Dan Carpenter
Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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A driver that simply completes IO it receives, it does no
transfers. Written to fascilitate testing of the blk-mq code.
It supports various module options to use either bio queueing,
rq queueing, or mq mode.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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With this machine deleted, there is no need to maintain the
MFM block driver for its hard disk either.
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
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Changing the adapter name from FlashSystem-80 to the official
name: Flash Adapter 900GB Full Height.
Signed-off-by: Philip J Kelleher <pjk1939@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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This patch includes changing the hardware branding name from
IBM RamSan to IBM FlashSystem.
v2 Changes include:
o Removing the unnecessary IBM Vendor ID #define
v1 Changes include:
o Changed all references of RamSan to FlashSystem.
o Changed the vendor/device IDs for the product.
o Changed driver version number.
o Updated the MAINTAINERS file.
o Various other little things.
Signed-off-by: Philip J Kelleher <pjk1939@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulg/linux into for-3.9/drivers
Paul writes:
Please pull the following to get the removal of the original IBM PC-XT
hard disk driver from the block layer (drivers/block/xd.c).
As near as I can tell, it hasn't seen a run time fix in over a dozen
years, and with drive sizes of 10-20MB, and performance of about 128kB/s
maximum, it is no surprise that it has been completely unused for well
over a decade.
The removal was originally posted[1] well over a month ago, and since
then, there has been nobody objecting to the removal, aside from someone
who had mistakenly confused it with a completely different driver (hd.c)
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This patch includes the device driver for the IBM RamSan
family of PCI SSD flash storage cards. This driver will
include support for the RamSan 70 and 80. The driver
presents a block device for device I/O.
Signed-off-by: Philip J Kelleher <pjk1939@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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This driver was for the 8 bit ISA cards that were installed in
the PC-XT machines of 1980 vintage. They supported the dual
ribbon cable MFM drives of 10-20MB capacity, and ran at a 3:1
interleave, giving performance on the order of 128kB/s.
By the introduction of the PC-AT (286) these controllers were
already scrapped in favour of 16 bit controllers with some onboard
RAM that could support a 1:1 interleave.
The git history doesn't show any evidence of runtime fixes that
would reflect active usage; instead just the usual tree-wide API
type changes/cleanups. Going back to in-source changelogs, the
last "runtime" fix that is evident is something I did over a
dozen years ago[1] -- and even back then, the hardware was long
since unavailable, so that ancient fix was also not runtime tested.
The time is long overdue for this to get flushed, so lets get
rid of it before anyone wastes more time doing builds and sparse
checks etc. on long since dead code.
[1] http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0102.2/0027.html
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
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The patch cciss-use-check_signature.patch in -mm tree introduced
a build error:
drivers/built-in.o: In function `CISS_signature_present':
drivers/block/cciss.c:4270: undefined reference to `check_signature'
Add missing CONFIG_CHECK_SIGNATURE to fix this issue.
Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <wfg@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <wfg@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mike Miller <mike.miller@hp.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Acked-by: "Stephen M. Cameron" <scameron@beardog.cce.hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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This config item has not carried much meaning for a while now and is
almost always enabled by default. As agreed during the Linux kernel
summit, remove it.
CC: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
CC: Asai Thambi S P <asamymuthupa@micron.com>
CC: Pete Zaitcev <zaitcev@redhat.com>
CC: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
CC: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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It was scheduled to be removed in 3.6.
Acked-by: Pete Zaitcev <zaitcev@redhat.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Deprecate this driver. All devices which can be handled by this driver
can also be handled by the usb-storage driver.
Acked-By: Pete Zaitcev <zaitcev@redhat.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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* git://git.infradead.org/users/willy/linux-nvme: (105 commits)
NVMe: Set number of queues correctly
NVMe: Version 0.8
NVMe: Set queue flags correctly
NVMe: Simplify nvme_unmap_user_pages
NVMe: Mark the end of the sg list
NVMe: Fix DMA mapping for admin commands
NVMe: Rename IO_TIMEOUT to NVME_IO_TIMEOUT
NVMe: Merge the nvme_bio and nvme_prp data structures
NVMe: Change nvme_completion_fn to take a dev
NVMe: Change get_nvmeq to take a dev instead of a namespace
NVMe: Simplify completion handling
NVMe: Update Identify Controller data structure
NVMe: Implement doorbell stride capability
NVMe: Version 0.7
NVMe: Don't probe namespace 0
Fix calculation of number of pages in a PRP List
NVMe: Create nvme_identify and nvme_get_features functions
NVMe: Fix memory leak in nvme_dev_add()
NVMe: Fix calls to dma_unmap_sg
NVMe: Correct sg list setup in nvme_map_user_pages
...
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This adds mtip32xx, a driver supporting Microns line of
pci-express flash storage cards.
Signed-off-by: Asai Thambi S P <asamymuthupa@micron.com>
Signed-off-by: Sam Bradshaw <sbradshaw@micron.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
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This driver is for devices that follow the NVM Express standard
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <matthew.r.wilcox@intel.com>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/konrad/xen into for-linus
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With the frontend having Xen but the backend not, it just looks odd:
<*> Xen virtual block device support
<*> Block-device backend driver
Fix it to have the 'Xen' in front of it.
Reported-by: Sander Eikelenboom <linux@eikelenboom.it>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
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devices
Instead of unconditionally creating a fixed number of dead loop
devices which need to be investigated by storage handling services,
even when they are never used, we allow distros start with 0
loop devices and have losetup(8) and similar switch to the dynamic
/dev/loop-control interface instead of searching /dev/loop%i for free
devices.
Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
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with more details.
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
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.. and modify the Makefile and Kconfig files appropriately.
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
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Impact: refactor
Make a distinct frontend xenbus, in preparation for adding a backend xenbus.
Signed-off-by: Ian Campbell <ian.campbell@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
[corresponds to 2fd433a4188f in git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jeremy/xen.git
with adjustments to reflect changes in the code which is moved]
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
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The rados block device (rbd), based on osdblk, creates a block device
that is backed by objects stored in the Ceph distributed object storage
cluster. Each device consists of a single metadata object and data
striped over many data objects.
The rbd driver supports read-only snapshots.
Signed-off-by: Yehuda Sadeh <yehuda@hq.newdream.net>
Signed-off-by: Sage Weil <sage@newdream.net>
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