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2020-12-15mm: forbid splitting special mappingsDmitry Safonov1-36/+3
Don't allow splitting of vm_special_mapping's. It affects vdso/vvar areas. Uprobes have only one page in xol_area so they aren't affected. Those restrictions were enforced by checks in .mremap() callbacks. Restrict resizing with generic .split() callback. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201013013416.390574-7-dima@arista.com Signed-off-by: Dmitry Safonov <dima@arista.com> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Brian Geffon <bgeffon@google.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Ralph Campbell <rcampbell@nvidia.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vishal Verma <vishal.l.verma@intel.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-09-01arm64: vdso: Fix unusual formatting in *setup_additional_pages()Will Deacon1-10/+3
There's really no need to put every parameter on a new line when calling a function with a long name, so reformat the *setup_additional_pages() functions in the vDSO setup code to follow the usual conventions. Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2020-09-01arm64: vdso32: Remove a bunch of #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT_VDSO guardsWill Deacon1-27/+17
Most of the compat vDSO code can be built and guarded using IS_ENABLED, so drop the unnecessary #ifdefs. Reviewed-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2020-07-24arm64/vdso: Restrict splitting VVAR VMAAndrei Vagin1-0/+13
Forbid splitting VVAR VMA resulting in a stricter ABI and reducing the amount of corner-cases to consider while working further on VDSO time namespace support. As the offset from timens to VVAR page is computed compile-time, the pages in VVAR should stay together and not being partically mremap()'ed. Signed-off-by: Andrei Vagin <avagin@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Dmitry Safonov <dima@arista.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200624083321.144975-6-avagin@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2020-07-24arm64/vdso: Handle faults on timens pageAndrei Vagin1-4/+52
If a task belongs to a time namespace then the VVAR page which contains the system wide VDSO data is replaced with a namespace specific page which has the same layout as the VVAR page. Signed-off-by: Andrei Vagin <avagin@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Dmitry Safonov <dima@arista.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200624083321.144975-5-avagin@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2020-07-24arm64/vdso: Add time namespace pageAndrei Vagin1-3/+16
Allocate the time namespace page among VVAR pages. Provide __arch_get_timens_vdso_data() helper for VDSO code to get the code-relative position of VVARs on that special page. If a task belongs to a time namespace then the VVAR page which contains the system wide VDSO data is replaced with a namespace specific page which has the same layout as the VVAR page. That page has vdso_data->seq set to 1 to enforce the slow path and vdso_data->clock_mode set to VCLOCK_TIMENS to enforce the time namespace handling path. The extra check in the case that vdso_data->seq is odd, e.g. a concurrent update of the VDSO data is in progress, is not really affecting regular tasks which are not part of a time namespace as the task is spin waiting for the update to finish and vdso_data->seq to become even again. If a time namespace task hits that code path, it invokes the corresponding time getter function which retrieves the real VVAR page, reads host time and then adds the offset for the requested clock which is stored in the special VVAR page. The time-namespace page isn't allocated on !CONFIG_TIME_NAMESPACE, but vma is the same size, which simplifies criu/vdso migration between different kernel configs. Signed-off-by: Andrei Vagin <avagin@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Dmitry Safonov <dima@arista.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200624083321.144975-4-avagin@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2020-07-24arm64/vdso: Zap vvar pages when switching to a time namespaceAndrei Vagin1-0/+31
The order of vvar pages depends on whether a task belongs to the root time namespace or not. In the root time namespace, a task doesn't have a per-namespace page. In a non-root namespace, the VVAR page which contains the system-wide VDSO data is replaced with a namespace specific page that contains clock offsets. Whenever a task changes its namespace, the VVAR page tables are cleared and then they will be re-faulted with a corresponding layout. A task can switch its time namespace only if its ->mm isn't shared with another task. Signed-off-by: Andrei Vagin <avagin@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Dmitry Safonov <dima@arista.com> Reviewed-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200624083321.144975-3-avagin@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2020-07-24arm64/vdso: use the fault callback to map vvar pagesAndrei Vagin1-10/+15
Currently the vdso has no awareness of time namespaces, which may apply distinct offsets to processes in different namespaces. To handle this within the vdso, we'll need to expose a per-namespace data page. As a preparatory step, this patch separates the vdso data page from the code pages, and has it faulted in via its own fault callback. Subsquent patches will extend this to support distinct pages per time namespace. The vvar vma has to be installed with the VM_PFNMAP flag to handle faults via its vma fault callback. Signed-off-by: Andrei Vagin <avagin@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Dmitry Safonov <dima@arista.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200624083321.144975-2-avagin@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2020-06-23arm64: compat: Allow 32-bit vdso and sigpage to co-existWill Deacon1-33/+28
In preparation for removing the signal trampoline from the compat vDSO, allow the sigpage and the compat vDSO to co-exist. For the moment the vDSO signal trampoline will still be used when built. Subsequent patches will move to the sigpage consistently. Acked-by: Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2020-06-09mmap locking API: use coccinelle to convert mmap_sem rwsem call sitesMichel Lespinasse1-4/+4
This change converts the existing mmap_sem rwsem calls to use the new mmap locking API instead. The change is generated using coccinelle with the following rule: // spatch --sp-file mmap_lock_api.cocci --in-place --include-headers --dir . @@ expression mm; @@ ( -init_rwsem +mmap_init_lock | -down_write +mmap_write_lock | -down_write_killable +mmap_write_lock_killable | -down_write_trylock +mmap_write_trylock | -up_write +mmap_write_unlock | -downgrade_write +mmap_write_downgrade | -down_read +mmap_read_lock | -down_read_killable +mmap_read_lock_killable | -down_read_trylock +mmap_read_trylock | -up_read +mmap_read_unlock ) -(&mm->mmap_sem) +(mm) Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Reviewed-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Laurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200520052908.204642-5-walken@google.com Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-05-28Merge branch 'for-next/bti' into for-next/coreWill Deacon1-1/+5
Support for Branch Target Identification (BTI) in user and kernel (Mark Brown and others) * for-next/bti: (39 commits) arm64: vdso: Fix CFI directives in sigreturn trampoline arm64: vdso: Don't prefix sigreturn trampoline with a BTI C instruction arm64: bti: Fix support for userspace only BTI arm64: kconfig: Update and comment GCC version check for kernel BTI arm64: vdso: Map the vDSO text with guarded pages when built for BTI arm64: vdso: Force the vDSO to be linked as BTI when built for BTI arm64: vdso: Annotate for BTI arm64: asm: Provide a mechanism for generating ELF note for BTI arm64: bti: Provide Kconfig for kernel mode BTI arm64: mm: Mark executable text as guarded pages arm64: bpf: Annotate JITed code for BTI arm64: Set GP bit in kernel page tables to enable BTI for the kernel arm64: asm: Override SYM_FUNC_START when building the kernel with BTI arm64: bti: Support building kernel C code using BTI arm64: Document why we enable PAC support for leaf functions arm64: insn: Report PAC and BTI instructions as skippable arm64: insn: Don't assume unrecognized HINTs are skippable arm64: insn: Provide a better name for aarch64_insn_is_nop() arm64: insn: Add constants for new HINT instruction decode arm64: Disable old style assembly annotations ...
2020-05-07arm64: vdso: Map the vDSO text with guarded pages when built for BTIMark Brown1-1/+5
The kernel is responsible for mapping the vDSO into userspace processes, including mapping the text section as executable. Handle the mapping of the vDSO for BTI similarly, mapping the text section as guarded pages so the BTI annotations in the vDSO become effective when they are present. This will mean that we can have BTI active for the vDSO in processes that do not otherwise support BTI. This should not be an issue for any expected use of the vDSO. Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200506195138.22086-12-broonie@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2020-04-29arm64: vdso: use consistent 'map' nomenclatureMark Rutland1-38/+26
The current code doesn't use a consistent naming scheme for structures, enums, or variables, making it harder than necessary to determine the relationship between these. Let's make this easier by consistently using 'map' nomenclature for mappings created in userspace, minimizing redundant comments, and using designated array initializers to tie indices to their respective elements. There should be no functional change as a result of this patch. Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200428164921.41641-5-mark.rutland@arm.com Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2020-04-29arm64: vdso: use consistent 'abi' nomenclatureMark Rutland1-35/+34
The current code doesn't use a consistent naming scheme for structures, enums, or variables, making it harder than necessary to determine the relationship between these. Let's make this easier by consistently using 'vdso_abi' nomenclature. The 'vdso_lookup' array is renamed to 'vdso_info' to describe what it contains rather than how it is consumed. There should be no functional change as a result of this patch. Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200428164921.41641-4-mark.rutland@arm.com Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2020-04-29arm64: vdso: simplify arch_vdso_type ifdefferyMark Rutland1-10/+5
Currently we have some ifdeffery to determine the number of elements in enum arch_vdso_type as VDSO_TYPES, rather that the usual pattern of having the enum define this: | enum foo_type { | FOO_TYPE_A, | FOO_TYPE_B, | #ifdef CONFIG_C | FOO_TYPE_C, | #endif | NR_FOO_TYPES | } ... however, given we only use this number to size the vdso_lookup[] array, this is redundant anyway as the compiler can automatically size the array to fit all defined elements. So let's remove the VDSO_TYPES to simplify the code. At the same time, let's use designated initializers for the array elements so that these are guarnateed to be at the expected indices, regardless of how we modify the structure. For clariy the redundant explicit initialization of the enum elements is dropped. There should be no functional change as a result of this patch. Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200428164921.41641-3-mark.rutland@arm.com Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2020-04-29arm64: vdso: remove aarch32_vdso_pages[]Mark Rutland1-7/+12
The aarch32_vdso_pages[] array is unnecessarily confusing. We only ever use the C_VECTORS and C_SIGPAGE slots, and the other slots are unused despite having corresponding mappings (sharing pages with the AArch64 vDSO). Let's make this clearer by using separate variables for the vectors page and the sigreturn page. A subsequent patch will clean up the C_* naming and conflation of pages with mappings. Note that since both the vectors page and sig page are single pages, and the mapping is a single page long, their pages array do not need to be NULL-terminated (and this was not the case with the existing code for the sig page as it was the last entry in the aarch32_vdso_pages array). There should be no functional change as a result of this patch. Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200428164921.41641-2-mark.rutland@arm.com Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2020-04-15arm64: vdso: don't free unallocated pagesMark Rutland1-12/+1
The aarch32_vdso_pages[] array never has entries allocated in the C_VVAR or C_VDSO slots, and as the array is zero initialized these contain NULL. However in __aarch32_alloc_vdso_pages() when aarch32_alloc_kuser_vdso_page() fails we attempt to free the page whose struct page is at NULL, which is obviously nonsensical. This patch removes the erroneous page freeing. Fixes: 7c1deeeb0130 ("arm64: compat: VDSO setup for compat layer") Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 5.3.x- Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Acked-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2019-06-22arm64: compat: VDSO setup for compat layerVincenzo Frascino1-2/+88
If CONFIG_GENERIC_COMPAT_VDSO is enabled, compat vDSO is installed in a compat (32 bit) process instead of sigpage. Add the necessary code to setup the vDSO required pages. Signed-off-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Tested-by: Shijith Thotton <sthotton@marvell.com> Tested-by: Andre Przywara <andre.przywara@arm.com> Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org Cc: linux-mips@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-kselftest@vger.kernel.org Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Cc: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com> Cc: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@linaro.org> Cc: Mark Salyzyn <salyzyn@android.com> Cc: Peter Collingbourne <pcc@google.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Cc: Dmitry Safonov <0x7f454c46@gmail.com> Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Cc: Huw Davies <huw@codeweavers.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190621095252.32307-13-vincenzo.frascino@arm.com
2019-06-22arm64: vdso: Refactor vDSO codeVincenzo Frascino1-71/+144
Most of the code for initializing the vDSOs in arm64 and compat will be shared, hence refactoring of the current code is required to avoid duplication and to simplify maintainability. No functional change. Signed-off-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Tested-by: Shijith Thotton <sthotton@marvell.com> Tested-by: Andre Przywara <andre.przywara@arm.com> Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org Cc: linux-mips@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-kselftest@vger.kernel.org Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Cc: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com> Cc: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@linaro.org> Cc: Mark Salyzyn <salyzyn@android.com> Cc: Peter Collingbourne <pcc@google.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Cc: Dmitry Safonov <0x7f454c46@gmail.com> Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Cc: Huw Davies <huw@codeweavers.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190621095252.32307-12-vincenzo.frascino@arm.com
2019-06-22arm64: vdso: Substitute gettimeofday() with C implementationVincenzo Frascino1-46/+5
To take advantage of the commonly defined vdso interface for gettimeofday() the architectural code requires an adaptation. Re-implement the gettimeofday VDSO in C in order to use lib/vdso. With the new implementation arm64 gains support for CLOCK_BOOTTIME and CLOCK_TAI. [ tglx: Reformatted the function line breaks ] Signed-off-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Tested-by: Shijith Thotton <sthotton@marvell.com> Tested-by: Andre Przywara <andre.przywara@arm.com> Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org Cc: linux-mips@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-kselftest@vger.kernel.org Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Cc: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com> Cc: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@linaro.org> Cc: Mark Salyzyn <salyzyn@android.com> Cc: Peter Collingbourne <pcc@google.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Cc: Dmitry Safonov <0x7f454c46@gmail.com> Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Cc: Huw Davies <huw@codeweavers.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190621095252.32307-5-vincenzo.frascino@arm.com
2019-06-19treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 234Thomas Gleixner1-12/+1
Based on 1 normalized pattern(s): this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify it under the terms of the gnu general public license version 2 as published by the free software foundation this program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful but without any warranty without even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose see the gnu general public license for more details you should have received a copy of the gnu general public license along with this program if not see http www gnu org licenses extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier GPL-2.0-only has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 503 file(s). Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Alexios Zavras <alexios.zavras@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net> Reviewed-by: Enrico Weigelt <info@metux.net> Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190602204653.811534538@linutronix.de Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2019-04-23arm64: compat: Add KUSER_HELPERS config optionVincenzo Frascino1-0/+6
When kuser helpers are enabled the kernel maps the relative code at a fixed address (0xffff0000). Making configurable the option to disable them means that the kernel can remove this mapping and any access to this memory area results in a sigfault. Add a KUSER_HELPERS config option that can be used to disable the mapping when it is turned off. This option can be turned off if and only if the applications are designed specifically for the platform and they do not make use of the kuser helpers code. Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> [will: Use IS_ENABLED() instead of #ifdef] Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2019-04-23arm64: compat: Refactor aarch32_alloc_vdso_pages()Vincenzo Frascino1-26/+26
aarch32_alloc_vdso_pages() needs to be refactored to make it easier to disable kuser helpers. Divide the function in aarch32_alloc_kuser_vdso_page() and aarch32_alloc_sigreturn_vdso_page(). Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> [will: Inlined sigpage allocation to simplify error paths] Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2019-04-23arm64: compat: Alloc separate pages for vectors and sigpageVincenzo Frascino1-27/+89
For AArch32 tasks, we install a special "[vectors]" page that contains the sigreturn trampolines and kuser helpers, which is mapped at a fixed address specified by the kuser helpers ABI. Having the sigreturn trampolines in the same page as the kuser helpers makes it impossible to disable the kuser helpers independently. Follow the Arm implementation, by moving the signal trampolines out of the "[vectors]" page and into their own "[sigpage]". Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> [will: tweaked comments and fixed sparse warning] Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2019-04-16arm64: vdso: Fix clock_getres() for CLOCK_REALTIMEVincenzo Frascino1-0/+3
clock_getres() in the vDSO library has to preserve the same behaviour of posix_get_hrtimer_res(). In particular, posix_get_hrtimer_res() does: sec = 0; ns = hrtimer_resolution; where 'hrtimer_resolution' depends on whether or not high resolution timers are enabled, which is a runtime decision. The vDSO incorrectly returns the constant CLOCK_REALTIME_RES. Fix this by exposing 'hrtimer_resolution' in the vDSO datapage and returning that instead. Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> [will: Use WRITE_ONCE(), move adr off COARSE path, renumber labels, use 'w' reg] Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2019-04-03arm64/vdso: don't leak kernel addressesMatteo Croce1-2/+0
Since commit ad67b74d2469d9b8 ("printk: hash addresses printed with %p"), two obfuscated kernel pointer are printed at every boot: vdso: 2 pages (1 code @ (____ptrval____), 1 data @ (____ptrval____)) Remove the the print completely, as it's useless without the addresses. Fixes: ad67b74d2469d9b8 ("printk: hash addresses printed with %p") Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Matteo Croce <mcroce@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2017-08-09arm64/vdso: Support mremap() for vDSODmitry Safonov1-0/+15
vDSO VMA address is saved in mm_context for the purpose of using restorer from vDSO page to return to userspace after signal handling. In Checkpoint Restore in Userspace (CRIU) project we place vDSO VMA on restore back to the place where it was on the dump. With the exception for x86 (where there is API to map vDSO with arch_prctl()), we move vDSO inherited from CRIU task to restoree position by mremap(). CRIU does support arm64 architecture, but kernel doesn't update context.vdso pointer after mremap(). Which results in translation fault after signal handling on restored application: https://github.com/xemul/criu/issues/288 Make vDSO code track the VMA address by supplying .mremap() fops the same way it's done for x86 and arm32 by: commit b059a453b1cf ("x86/vdso: Add mremap hook to vm_special_mapping") commit 280e87e98c09 ("ARM: 8683/1: ARM32: Support mremap() for sigpage/vDSO"). Cc: Russell King <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Christopher Covington <cov@codeaurora.org> Reviewed-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Dmitry Safonov <dsafonov@virtuozzo.com> Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2017-07-05Merge tag 'arm64-upstream' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-5/+5
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux Pull arm64 updates from Will Deacon: - RAS reporting via GHES/APEI (ACPI) - Indirect ftrace trampolines for modules - Improvements to kernel fault reporting - Page poisoning - Sigframe cleanups and preparation for SVE context - Core dump fixes - Sparse fixes (mainly relating to endianness) - xgene SoC PMU v3 driver - Misc cleanups and non-critical fixes * tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux: (75 commits) arm64: fix endianness annotation for 'struct jit_ctx' and friends arm64: cpuinfo: constify attribute_group structures. arm64: ptrace: Fix incorrect get_user() use in compat_vfp_set() arm64: ptrace: Remove redundant overrun check from compat_vfp_set() arm64: ptrace: Avoid setting compat FP[SC]R to garbage if get_user fails arm64: fix endianness annotation for __apply_alternatives()/get_alt_insn() arm64: fix endianness annotation in get_kaslr_seed() arm64: add missing conversion to __wsum in ip_fast_csum() arm64: fix endianness annotation in acpi_parking_protocol.c arm64: use readq() instead of readl() to read 64bit entry_point arm64: fix endianness annotation for reloc_insn_movw() & reloc_insn_imm() arm64: fix endianness annotation for aarch64_insn_write() arm64: fix endianness annotation in aarch64_insn_read() arm64: fix endianness annotation in call_undef_hook() arm64: fix endianness annotation for debug-monitors.c ras: mark stub functions as 'inline' arm64: pass endianness info to sparse arm64: ftrace: fix !CONFIG_ARM64_MODULE_PLTS kernels arm64: signal: Allow expansion of the signal frame acpi: apei: check for pending errors when probing GHES entries ...
2017-06-20time: Clean up CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW time handlingJohn Stultz1-4/+2
Now that we fixed the sub-ns handling for CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW, remove the duplicitive tk->raw_time.tv_nsec, which can be stored in tk->tkr_raw.xtime_nsec (similarly to how its handled for monotonic time). Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Miroslav Lichvar <mlichvar@redhat.com> Cc: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com> Cc: Prarit Bhargava <prarit@redhat.com> Cc: Stephen Boyd <stephen.boyd@linaro.org> Cc: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Daniel Mentz <danielmentz@google.com> Tested-by: Daniel Mentz <danielmentz@google.com> Signed-off-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
2017-06-20arm64/vdso: Fix nsec handling for CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAWWill Deacon1-2/+3
Recently vDSO support for CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW was added in 49eea433b326 ("arm64: Add support for CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW in clock_gettime() vDSO"). Noticing that the core timekeeping code never set tkr_raw.xtime_nsec, the vDSO implementation didn't bother exposing it via the data page and instead took the unshifted tk->raw_time.tv_nsec value which was then immediately shifted left in the vDSO code. Unfortunately, by accellerating the MONOTONIC_RAW clockid, it uncovered potential 1ns time inconsistencies caused by the timekeeping core not handing sub-ns resolution. Now that the core code has been fixed and is actually setting tkr_raw.xtime_nsec, we need to take that into account in the vDSO by adding it to the shifted raw_time value, in order to fix the user-visible inconsistency. Rather than do that at each use (and expand the data page in the process), instead perform the shift/addition operation when populating the data page and remove the shift from the vDSO code entirely. [jstultz: minor whitespace tweak, tried to improve commit message to make it more clear this fixes a regression] Reported-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org> Tested-by: Daniel Mentz <danielmentz@google.com> Acked-by: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@arm.com> Cc: Prarit Bhargava <prarit@redhat.com> Cc: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com> Cc: Stephen Boyd <stephen.boyd@linaro.org> Cc: "stable #4 . 8+" <stable@vger.kernel.org> Cc: Miroslav Lichvar <mlichvar@redhat.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1496965462-20003-4-git-send-email-john.stultz@linaro.org Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2017-06-06arm64, vdso: Define vdso_{start,end} as arrayKees Cook1-5/+5
Adjust vdso_{start|end} to be char arrays to avoid compile-time analysis that flags "too large" memcmp() calls with CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE. Cc: Jisheng Zhang <jszhang@marvell.com> Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Suggested-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2017-01-12arm64: Use __pa_symbol for kernel symbolsLaura Abbott1-2/+6
__pa_symbol is technically the marcro that should be used for kernel symbols. Switch to this as a pre-requisite for DEBUG_VIRTUAL which will do bounds checking. Reviewed-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Tested-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2016-09-23arm/arm64: arch_timer: Use archdata to indicate vdso suitabilityScott Wood1-1/+1
Instead of comparing the name to a magic string, use archdata to explicitly communicate whether the arch timer is suitable for direct vdso access. Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Acked-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk> Acked-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Scott Wood <oss@buserror.net> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2016-08-22arm64: apply __ro_after_init to some objectsJisheng Zhang1-15/+15
These objects are set during initialization, thereafter are read only. Previously I only want to mark vdso_pages, vdso_spec, vectors_page and cpu_ops as __read_mostly from performance point of view. Then inspired by Kees's patch[1] to apply more __ro_after_init for arm, I think it's better to mark them as __ro_after_init. What's more, I find some more objects are also read only after init. So apply __ro_after_init to all of them. This patch also removes global vdso_pagelist and tries to clean up vdso_spec[] assignment code. [1] http://www.spinics.net/lists/arm-kernel/msg523188.html Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Jisheng Zhang <jszhang@marvell.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2016-08-22arm64: vdso: constify vm_special_mapping used for aarch32 vectors pageJisheng Zhang1-1/+1
The vm_special_mapping spec which is used for aarch32 vectors page is never modified, so mark it as const. Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Jisheng Zhang <jszhang@marvell.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2016-08-22arm64: vdso: add __init section marker to alloc_vectors_pageJisheng Zhang1-1/+1
It is not needed after booting, this patch moves the alloc_vectors_page function to the __init section. Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Jisheng Zhang <jszhang@marvell.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2016-07-12arm64: Add support for CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW in clock_gettime() vDSOKevin Brodsky1-1/+7
So far the arm64 clock_gettime() vDSO implementation only supported the following clocks, falling back to the syscall for the others: - CLOCK_REALTIME{,_COARSE} - CLOCK_MONOTONIC{,_COARSE} This patch adds support for the CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW clock, taking advantage of the recent refactoring of the vDSO time functions. Like the non-_COARSE clocks, this only works when the "arch_sys_counter" clocksource is in use (allowing us to read the current time from the virtual counter register), otherwise we also have to fall back to the syscall. Most of the data is shared with CLOCK_MONOTONIC, and the algorithm is similar. The reference implementation in kernel/time/timekeeping.c shows that: - CLOCK_MONOTONIC = tk->wall_to_monotonic + tk->xtime_sec + timekeeping_get_ns(&tk->tkr_mono) - CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW = tk->raw_time + timekeeping_get_ns(&tk->tkr_raw) - tkr_mono and tkr_raw are identical (in particular, same clocksource), except these members: * mult (only mono's multiplier is NTP-adjusted) * xtime_nsec (always 0 for raw) Therefore, tk->raw_time and tkr_raw->mult are now also stored in the vDSO data page. Cc: Ali Saidi <ali.saidi@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Dave Martin <dave.martin@arm.com> Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2016-05-23vdso: make arch_setup_additional_pages wait for mmap_sem for write killableMichal Hocko1-2/+4
most architectures are relying on mmap_sem for write in their arch_setup_additional_pages. If the waiting task gets killed by the oom killer it would block oom_reaper from asynchronous address space reclaim and reduce the chances of timely OOM resolving. Wait for the lock in the killable mode and return with EINTR if the task got killed while waiting. Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Acked-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> [x86 vdso] Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-04-14arm64: vdso: avoid virt_to_page() translations on kernel symbolsArd Biesheuvel1-2/+2
The translation performed by virt_to_page() is only valid for linear addresses, and kernel symbols are no longer in the linear mapping. So perform the __pa() translation explicitly, which does the right thing in either case, and only then translate to a struct page offset. Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2015-08-10arm64: VDSO: fix coarse clock monotonicity regressionNathan Lynch1-4/+3
Since 906c55579a63 ("timekeeping: Copy the shadow-timekeeper over the real timekeeper last") it has become possible on arm64 to: - Obtain a CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE or CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE timestamp via syscall. - Subsequently obtain a timestamp for the same clock ID via VDSO which predates the first timestamp (by one jiffy). This is because arm64's update_vsyscall is deriving the coarse time using the __current_kernel_time interface, when it should really be using the timekeeper object provided to it by the timekeeping core. It happened to work before only because __current_kernel_time would access the same timekeeper object which had been passed to update_vsyscall. This is no longer the case. Signed-off-by: Nathan Lynch <nathan_lynch@mentor.com> Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2015-03-27time: Rename timekeeper::tkr to timekeeper::tkr_monoPeter Zijlstra1-5/+5
In preparation of adding another tkr field, rename this one to tkr_mono. Also rename tk_read_base::base_mono to tk_read_base::base, since the structure is not specific to CLOCK_MONOTONIC and the mono name got added to the tk_read_base instance. Lots of trivial churn. Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150319093400.344679419@infradead.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2014-08-08arm64,ia64,ppc,s390,sh,tile,um,x86,mm: remove default gate areaAndy Lutomirski1-19/+0
The core mm code will provide a default gate area based on FIXADDR_USER_START and FIXADDR_USER_END if !defined(__HAVE_ARCH_GATE_AREA) && defined(AT_SYSINFO_EHDR). This default is only useful for ia64. arm64, ppc, s390, sh, tile, 64-bit UML, and x86_32 have their own code just to disable it. arm, 32-bit UML, and x86_64 have gate areas, but they have their own implementations. This gets rid of the default and moves the code into ia64. This should save some code on architectures without a gate area: it's now possible to inline the gate_area functions in the default case. Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Acked-by: Nathan Lynch <nathan_lynch@mentor.com> Acked-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> [in principle] Acked-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> [for um] Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> [for arm64] Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Nathan Lynch <Nathan_Lynch@mentor.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-05Merge branch 'timers-core-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-5/+5
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull timer and time updates from Thomas Gleixner: "A rather large update of timers, timekeeping & co - Core timekeeping code is year-2038 safe now for 32bit machines. Now we just need to fix all in kernel users and the gazillion of user space interfaces which rely on timespec/timeval :) - Better cache layout for the timekeeping internal data structures. - Proper nanosecond based interfaces for in kernel users. - Tree wide cleanup of code which wants nanoseconds but does hoops and loops to convert back and forth from timespecs. Some of it definitely belongs into the ugly code museum. - Consolidation of the timekeeping interface zoo. - A fast NMI safe accessor to clock monotonic for tracing. This is a long standing request to support correlated user/kernel space traces. With proper NTP frequency correction it's also suitable for correlation of traces accross separate machines. - Checkpoint/restart support for timerfd. - A few NOHZ[_FULL] improvements in the [hr]timer code. - Code move from kernel to kernel/time of all time* related code. - New clocksource/event drivers from the ARM universe. I'm really impressed that despite an architected timer in the newer chips SoC manufacturers insist on inventing new and differently broken SoC specific timers. [ Ed. "Impressed"? I don't think that word means what you think it means ] - Another round of code move from arch to drivers. Looks like most of the legacy mess in ARM regarding timers is sorted out except for a few obnoxious strongholds. - The usual updates and fixlets all over the place" * 'timers-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (114 commits) timekeeping: Fixup typo in update_vsyscall_old definition clocksource: document some basic timekeeping concepts timekeeping: Use cached ntp_tick_length when accumulating error timekeeping: Rework frequency adjustments to work better w/ nohz timekeeping: Minor fixup for timespec64->timespec assignment ftrace: Provide trace clocks monotonic timekeeping: Provide fast and NMI safe access to CLOCK_MONOTONIC seqcount: Add raw_write_seqcount_latch() seqcount: Provide raw_read_seqcount() timekeeping: Use tk_read_base as argument for timekeeping_get_ns() timekeeping: Create struct tk_read_base and use it in struct timekeeper timekeeping: Restructure the timekeeper some more clocksource: Get rid of cycle_last clocksource: Move cycle_last validation to core code clocksource: Make delta calculation a function wireless: ath9k: Get rid of timespec conversions drm: vmwgfx: Use nsec based interfaces drm: i915: Use nsec based interfaces timekeeping: Provide ktime_get_raw() hangcheck-timer: Use ktime_get_ns() ...
2014-07-23timekeeping: Create struct tk_read_base and use it in struct timekeeperThomas Gleixner1-5/+5
The members of the new struct are the required ones for the new NMI safe accessor to clcok monotonic. In order to reuse the existing timekeeping code and to make the update of the fast NMI safe timekeepers a simple memcpy use the struct for the timekeeper as well and convert all users. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Signed-off-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
2014-07-23clocksource: Get rid of cycle_lastThomas Gleixner1-1/+1
cycle_last was added to the clocksource to support the TSC validation. We moved that to the core code, so we can get rid of the extra copy. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
2014-07-17arm64: vdso: move data page before code pagesWill Deacon1-17/+17
Andy pointed out that binutils generates additional sections in the vdso image (e.g. section string table) which, if our .text section gets big enough, could cross a page boundary and end up screwing up the location where the kernel expects to put the data page. This patch solves the issue in the same manner as x86_32, by moving the data page before the code pages. Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2014-07-17arm64: vdso: move to _install_special_mapping and remove arch_vma_nameWill Deacon1-45/+35
_install_special_mapping replaces install_special_mapping and removes the need to detect special VMA in arch_vma_name. This patch moves the vdso and compat vectors page code over to the new API. Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2014-07-17arm64: vdso: put vdso datapage in a separate vmaWill Deacon1-8/+26
The VDSO datapage doesn't need to be executable (no code there) or CoW-able (the kernel writes the page, so a private copy is totally useless). This patch moves the datapage into its own VMA, identified as "[vvar]" in /proc/<pid>/maps. Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2014-02-26arm64: vdso: clean up vdso_pagelist initializationNathan Lynch1-30/+12
Remove some unnecessary bits that were apparently carried over from another architecture's implementation: - No need to get_page() the vdso text/data - these are part of the kernel image. - No need for ClearPageReserved on the vdso text. - No need to vmap the first text page to check the ELF header - this can be done through &vdso_start. Also some minor cleanup: - Use kcalloc for vdso_pagelist array allocation. - Don't print on allocation failure, slab/slub will do that for us. Signed-off-by: Nathan Lynch <nathan_lynch@mentor.com> Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2014-02-05arm64: vdso: update wtm fields for CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSENathan Lynch1-2/+2
Update wall-to-monotonic fields in the VDSO data page unconditionally. These are used to service CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE, which is not guarded by use_syscall. Signed-off-by: Nathan Lynch <nathan_lynch@mentor.com> Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
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