21 files changed, 321 insertions, 858 deletions

diff --git a/scripts/.gitignore b/scripts/.gitignore
index 17f8cef88fa8..4aa1806c59c2 100644
--- a/scripts/.gitignore
+++ b/scripts/.gitignore
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 bin2c
 conmakehash
 kallsyms
-pnmtologo
 unifdef
 recordmcount
 sortextable
diff --git a/scripts/Kbuild.include b/scripts/Kbuild.include
index 10ba926ae292..bc5f25763c1b 100644
--- a/scripts/Kbuild.include
+++ b/scripts/Kbuild.include
@@ -210,17 +210,20 @@ endif
 # (needed for the shell)
 make-cmd = $(call escsq,$(subst $(pound),$$(pound),$(subst $$,$$$$,$(cmd_$(1)))))
 
-# Find any prerequisites that is newer than target or that does not exist.
+# Find any prerequisites that are newer than target or that do not exist.
+# (This is not true for now; $? should contain any non-existent prerequisites,
+# but it does not work as expected when .SECONDARY is present. This seems a bug
+# of GNU Make.)
 # PHONY targets skipped in both cases.
-any-prereq = $(filter-out $(PHONY),$?)$(filter-out $(PHONY) $(wildcard $^),$^)
+newer-prereqs = $(filter-out $(PHONY),$?)
 
 # Execute command if command has changed or prerequisite(s) are updated.
-if_changed = $(if $(any-prereq)$(cmd-check),                                 \
+if_changed = $(if $(newer-prereqs)$(cmd-check),                              \
 	$(cmd);                                                              \
 	printf '%s\n' 'cmd_$@ := $(make-cmd)' > $(dot-target).cmd, @:)
 
 # Execute the command and also postprocess generated .d dependencies file.
-if_changed_dep = $(if $(any-prereq)$(cmd-check),$(cmd_and_fixdep),@:)
+if_changed_dep = $(if $(newer-prereqs)$(cmd-check),$(cmd_and_fixdep),@:)
 
 cmd_and_fixdep =                                                             \
 	$(cmd);                                                              \
@@ -230,7 +233,7 @@ cmd_and_fixdep =                                                             \
 # Usage: $(call if_changed_rule,foo)
 # Will check if $(cmd_foo) or any of the prerequisites changed,
 # and if so will execute $(rule_foo).
-if_changed_rule = $(if $(any-prereq)$(cmd-check),$(rule_$(1)),@:)
+if_changed_rule = $(if $(newer-prereqs)$(cmd-check),$(rule_$(1)),@:)
 
 ###
 # why - tell why a target got built
@@ -255,7 +258,7 @@ ifeq ($(KBUILD_VERBOSE),2)
 why =                                                                        \
     $(if $(filter $@, $(PHONY)),- due to target is PHONY,                    \
         $(if $(wildcard $@),                                                 \
-            $(if $(any-prereq),- due to: $(any-prereq),                      \
+            $(if $(newer-prereqs),- due to: $(newer-prereqs),                \
                 $(if $(cmd-check),                                           \
                     $(if $(cmd_$@),- due to command line change,             \
                         $(if $(filter $@, $(targets)),                       \
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile b/scripts/Makefile
index 3e86b300f5a1..00c47901cb06 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile
+++ b/scripts/Makefile
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 # the kernel for the build process.
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # kallsyms:      Find all symbols in vmlinux
-# pnmttologo:    Convert pnm files to logo files
 # conmakehash:   Create chartable
 # conmakehash:	 Create arrays for initializing the kernel console tables
 
@@ -12,7 +11,6 @@ HOST_EXTRACFLAGS += -I$(srctree)/tools/include
 
 hostprogs-$(CONFIG_BUILD_BIN2C)  += bin2c
 hostprogs-$(CONFIG_KALLSYMS)     += kallsyms
-hostprogs-$(CONFIG_LOGO)         += pnmtologo
 hostprogs-$(CONFIG_VT)           += conmakehash
 hostprogs-$(BUILD_C_RECORDMCOUNT) += recordmcount
 hostprogs-$(CONFIG_BUILDTIME_EXTABLE_SORT) += sortextable
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.build b/scripts/Makefile.build
index a9e47953ca53..b734ac8a654e 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.build
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.build
@@ -283,15 +283,6 @@ quiet_cmd_cc_lst_c = MKLST   $@
 $(obj)/%.lst: $(src)/%.c FORCE
 	$(call if_changed_dep,cc_lst_c)
 
-# header test (header-test-y, header-test-m target)
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-quiet_cmd_cc_s_h = CC      $@
-      cmd_cc_s_h = $(CC) $(c_flags) -S -o $@ -x c /dev/null -include $<
-
-$(obj)/%.h.s: $(src)/%.h FORCE
-	$(call if_changed_dep,cc_s_h)
-
 # Compile assembler sources (.S)
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -469,17 +460,20 @@ targets += $(call intermediate_targets, .asn1.o, .asn1.c .asn1.h) \
 
 ifdef single-build
 
+KBUILD_SINGLE_TARGETS := $(filter $(obj)/%, $(KBUILD_SINGLE_TARGETS))
+
 curdir-single := $(sort $(foreach x, $(KBUILD_SINGLE_TARGETS), \
 			$(if $(filter $(x) $(basename $(x)).o, $(targets)), $(x))))
 
 # Handle single targets without any rule: show "Nothing to be done for ..." or
 # "No rule to make target ..." depending on whether the target exists.
 unknown-single := $(filter-out $(addsuffix /%, $(subdir-ym)), \
-			$(filter $(obj)/%, \
-				$(filter-out $(curdir-single), \
-					$(KBUILD_SINGLE_TARGETS))))
+			$(filter-out $(curdir-single), $(KBUILD_SINGLE_TARGETS)))
+
+single-subdirs := $(foreach d, $(subdir-ym), \
+			$(if $(filter $(d)/%, $(KBUILD_SINGLE_TARGETS)), $(d)))
 
-__build: $(curdir-single) $(subdir-ym)
+__build: $(curdir-single) $(single-subdirs)
 ifneq ($(unknown-single),)
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f /dev/null $(unknown-single)
 endif
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.headersinst b/scripts/Makefile.headersinst
index 1b405a7ed14f..708fbd08a2c5 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.headersinst
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.headersinst
@@ -56,9 +56,6 @@ new-dirs      := $(filter-out $(existing-dirs), $(wanted-dirs))
 $(if $(new-dirs), $(shell mkdir -p $(new-dirs)))
 
 # Rules
-
-ifndef HDRCHECK
-
 quiet_cmd_install = HDRINST $@
       cmd_install = $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/headers_install.sh $< $@
 
@@ -81,21 +78,6 @@ existing-headers := $(filter $(old-headers), $(all-headers))
 
 -include $(foreach f,$(existing-headers),$(dir $(f)).$(notdir $(f)).cmd)
 
-else
-
-quiet_cmd_check = HDRCHK  $<
-      cmd_check = $(PERL) $(srctree)/scripts/headers_check.pl $(dst) $(SRCARCH) $<; touch $@
-
-check-files := $(addsuffix .chk, $(all-headers))
-
-$(check-files): $(dst)/%.chk : $(dst)/% $(srctree)/scripts/headers_check.pl
-	$(call cmd,check)
-
-__headers: $(check-files)
-	@:
-
-endif
-
 PHONY += FORCE
 FORCE:
 
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.lib b/scripts/Makefile.lib
index 179d55af5852..3fa32f83b2d7 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.lib
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.lib
@@ -65,20 +65,6 @@ extra-y += $(patsubst %.dtb,%.dt.yaml, $(dtb-y))
 extra-$(CONFIG_OF_ALL_DTBS) += $(patsubst %.dtb,%.dt.yaml, $(dtb-))
 endif
 
-# Test self-contained headers
-
-# Wildcard searches in $(srctree)/$(src)/, but not in $(objtree)/$(obj)/.
-# Stale generated headers are often left over, so pattern matching should
-# be avoided. Please notice $(srctree)/$(src)/ and $(objtree)/$(obj) point
-# to the same location for in-tree building. So, header-test-pattern-y should
-# be used with care.
-header-test-y	+= $(filter-out $(header-test-), \
-		$(patsubst $(srctree)/$(src)/%, %, \
-		$(wildcard $(addprefix $(srctree)/$(src)/, \
-		$(header-test-pattern-y)))))
-
-extra-$(CONFIG_HEADER_TEST) += $(addsuffix .s, $(header-test-y) $(header-test-m))
-
 # Add subdir path
 
 extra-y		:= $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(extra-y))
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.modpost b/scripts/Makefile.modpost
index 952fff485546..69897d5d3a70 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.modpost
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.modpost
@@ -50,12 +50,10 @@ MODPOST = scripts/mod/modpost						\
 	$(if $(CONFIG_MODVERSIONS),-m)					\
 	$(if $(CONFIG_MODULE_SRCVERSION_ALL),-a)			\
 	$(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD),-i,-o) $(kernelsymfile)			\
-	$(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD),-I $(modulesymfile))			\
 	$(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD),$(addprefix -e ,$(KBUILD_EXTRA_SYMBOLS)))	\
 	$(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD),-o $(modulesymfile))			\
 	$(if $(CONFIG_SECTION_MISMATCH_WARN_ONLY),,-E)			\
-	$(if $(KBUILD_MODPOST_WARN),-w)					\
-	$(if $(filter nsdeps,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),-d)
+	$(if $(KBUILD_MODPOST_WARN),-w)
 
 ifdef MODPOST_VMLINUX
 
@@ -67,10 +65,14 @@ __modpost:
 
 else
 
-# When building external modules load the Kbuild file to retrieve EXTRA_SYMBOLS info
-ifneq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
+MODPOST += $(subst -i,-n,$(filter -i,$(MAKEFLAGS))) -s -T - \
+	$(if $(KBUILD_NSDEPS),-d $(MODULES_NSDEPS))
 
-# set src + obj - they may be used when building the .mod.c file
+ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
+MODPOST += $(wildcard vmlinux)
+else
+
+# set src + obj - they may be used in the modules's Makefile
 obj := $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)
 src := $(obj)
 
@@ -79,8 +81,6 @@ include $(if $(wildcard $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)/Kbuild), \
              $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)/Kbuild, $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)/Makefile)
 endif
 
-MODPOST += $(subst -i,-n,$(filter -i,$(MAKEFLAGS))) -s -T - $(wildcard vmlinux)
-
 # find all modules listed in modules.order
 modules := $(sort $(shell cat $(MODORDER)))
 
@@ -96,8 +96,6 @@ ifneq ($(KBUILD_MODPOST_NOFINAL),1)
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modfinal
 endif
 
-nsdeps: __modpost
-
 endif
 
 .PHONY: $(PHONY)
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.package b/scripts/Makefile.package
index 56eadcc48d46..02135d2671a6 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.package
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.package
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ snap-pkg:
 
 # tarball targets
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-tar-pkgs := tar-pkg targz-pkg tarbz2-pkg tarxz-pkg
+tar-pkgs := dir-pkg tar-pkg targz-pkg tarbz2-pkg tarxz-pkg
 PHONY += $(tar-pkgs)
 $(tar-pkgs):
 	$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Makefile
@@ -146,7 +146,9 @@ help:
 	@echo '  binrpm-pkg          - Build only the binary kernel RPM package'
 	@echo '  deb-pkg             - Build both source and binary deb kernel packages'
 	@echo '  bindeb-pkg          - Build only the binary kernel deb package'
-	@echo '  snap-pkg            - Build only the binary kernel snap package (will connect to external hosts)'
+	@echo '  snap-pkg            - Build only the binary kernel snap package'
+	@echo '                        (will connect to external hosts)'
+	@echo '  dir-pkg             - Build the kernel as a plain directory structure'
 	@echo '  tar-pkg             - Build the kernel as an uncompressed tarball'
 	@echo '  targz-pkg           - Build the kernel as a gzip compressed tarball'
 	@echo '  tarbz2-pkg          - Build the kernel as a bzip2 compressed tarball'
diff --git a/scripts/kallsyms.c b/scripts/kallsyms.c
index ae6504d07fd6..fb55f262f42d 100644
--- a/scripts/kallsyms.c
+++ b/scripts/kallsyms.c
@@ -18,15 +18,14 @@
  *
  */
 
+#include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <limits.h>
 
-#ifndef ARRAY_SIZE
 #define ARRAY_SIZE(arr) (sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]))
-#endif
 
 #define KSYM_NAME_LEN		128
 
@@ -58,9 +57,9 @@ static struct addr_range percpu_range = {
 
 static struct sym_entry *table;
 static unsigned int table_size, table_cnt;
-static int all_symbols = 0;
-static int absolute_percpu = 0;
-static int base_relative = 0;
+static int all_symbols;
+static int absolute_percpu;
+static int base_relative;
 
 static int token_profit[0x10000];
 
@@ -76,18 +75,88 @@ static void usage(void)
 	exit(1);
 }
 
-/*
- * This ignores the intensely annoying "mapping symbols" found
- * in ARM ELF files: $a, $t and $d.
- */
-static int is_arm_mapping_symbol(const char *str)
+static char *sym_name(const struct sym_entry *s)
+{
+	return (char *)s->sym + 1;
+}
+
+static bool is_ignored_symbol(const char *name, char type)
 {
-	return str[0] == '$' && strchr("axtd", str[1])
-	       && (str[2] == '\0' || str[2] == '.');
+	static const char * const ignored_symbols[] = {
+		/*
+		 * Symbols which vary between passes. Passes 1 and 2 must have
+		 * identical symbol lists. The kallsyms_* symbols below are
+		 * only added after pass 1, they would be included in pass 2
+		 * when --all-symbols is specified so exclude them to get a
+		 * stable symbol list.
+		 */
+		"kallsyms_addresses",
+		"kallsyms_offsets",
+		"kallsyms_relative_base",
+		"kallsyms_num_syms",
+		"kallsyms_names",
+		"kallsyms_markers",
+		"kallsyms_token_table",
+		"kallsyms_token_index",
+		/* Exclude linker generated symbols which vary between passes */
+		"_SDA_BASE_",		/* ppc */
+		"_SDA2_BASE_",		/* ppc */
+		NULL
+	};
+
+	static const char * const ignored_prefixes[] = {
+		"$",			/* local symbols for ARM, MIPS, etc. */
+		".LASANPC",		/* s390 kasan local symbols */
+		"__crc_",		/* modversions */
+		"__efistub_",		/* arm64 EFI stub namespace */
+		NULL
+	};
+
+	static const char * const ignored_suffixes[] = {
+		"_from_arm",		/* arm */
+		"_from_thumb",		/* arm */
+		"_veneer",		/* arm */
+		NULL
+	};
+
+	const char * const *p;
+
+	/* Exclude symbols which vary between passes. */
+	for (p = ignored_symbols; *p; p++)
+		if (!strcmp(name, *p))
+			return true;
+
+	for (p = ignored_prefixes; *p; p++)
+		if (!strncmp(name, *p, strlen(*p)))
+			return true;
+
+	for (p = ignored_suffixes; *p; p++) {
+		int l = strlen(name) - strlen(*p);
+
+		if (l >= 0 && !strcmp(name + l, *p))
+			return true;
+	}
+
+	if (type == 'U' || type == 'u')
+		return true;
+	/* exclude debugging symbols */
+	if (type == 'N' || type == 'n')
+		return true;
+
+	if (toupper(type) == 'A') {
+		/* Keep these useful absolute symbols */
+		if (strcmp(name, "__kernel_syscall_via_break") &&
+		    strcmp(name, "__kernel_syscall_via_epc") &&
+		    strcmp(name, "__kernel_sigtramp") &&
+		    strcmp(name, "__gp"))
+			return true;
+	}
+
+	return false;
 }
 
-static int check_symbol_range(const char *sym, unsigned long long addr,
-			      struct addr_range *ranges, int entries)
+static void check_symbol_range(const char *sym, unsigned long long addr,
+			       struct addr_range *ranges, int entries)
 {
 	size_t i;
 	struct addr_range *ar;
@@ -97,14 +166,12 @@ static int check_symbol_range(const char *sym, unsigned long long addr,
 
 		if (strcmp(sym, ar->start_sym) == 0) {
 			ar->start = addr;
-			return 0;
+			return;
 		} else if (strcmp(sym, ar->end_sym) == 0) {
 			ar->end = addr;
-			return 0;
+			return;
 		}
 	}
-
-	return 1;
 }
 
 static int read_symbol(FILE *in, struct sym_entry *s)
@@ -125,34 +192,15 @@ static int read_symbol(FILE *in, struct sym_entry *s)
 		return -1;
 	}
 
+	if (is_ignored_symbol(sym, stype))
+		return -1;
+
 	/* Ignore most absolute/undefined (?) symbols. */
 	if (strcmp(sym, "_text") == 0)
 		_text = s->addr;
-	else if (check_symbol_range(sym, s->addr, text_ranges,
-				    ARRAY_SIZE(text_ranges)) == 0)
-		/* nothing to do */;
-	else if (toupper(stype) == 'A')
-	{
-		/* Keep these useful absolute symbols */
-		if (strcmp(sym, "__kernel_syscall_via_break") &&
-		    strcmp(sym, "__kernel_syscall_via_epc") &&
-		    strcmp(sym, "__kernel_sigtramp") &&
-		    strcmp(sym, "__gp"))
-			return -1;
 
-	}
-	else if (toupper(stype) == 'U' ||
-		 is_arm_mapping_symbol(sym))
-		return -1;
-	/* exclude also MIPS ELF local symbols ($L123 instead of .L123) */
-	else if (sym[0] == '$')
-		return -1;
-	/* exclude debugging symbols */
-	else if (stype == 'N' || stype == 'n')
-		return -1;
-	/* exclude s390 kasan local symbols */
-	else if (!strncmp(sym, ".LASANPC", 8))
-		return -1;
+	check_symbol_range(sym, s->addr, text_ranges, ARRAY_SIZE(text_ranges));
+	check_symbol_range(sym, s->addr, &percpu_range, 1);
 
 	/* include the type field in the symbol name, so that it gets
 	 * compressed together */
@@ -163,22 +211,19 @@ static int read_symbol(FILE *in, struct sym_entry *s)
 			"unable to allocate required amount of memory\n");
 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}
-	strcpy((char *)s->sym + 1, sym);
+	strcpy(sym_name(s), sym);
 	s->sym[0] = stype;
 
 	s->percpu_absolute = 0;
 
-	/* Record if we've found __per_cpu_start/end. */
-	check_symbol_range(sym, s->addr, &percpu_range, 1);
-
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int symbol_in_range(struct sym_entry *s, struct addr_range *ranges,
-			   int entries)
+static int symbol_in_range(const struct sym_entry *s,
+			   const struct addr_range *ranges, int entries)
 {
 	size_t i;
-	struct addr_range *ar;
+	const struct addr_range *ar;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < entries; ++i) {
 		ar = &ranges[i];
@@ -190,41 +235,9 @@ static int symbol_in_range(struct sym_entry *s, struct addr_range *ranges,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int symbol_valid(struct sym_entry *s)
+static int symbol_valid(const struct sym_entry *s)
 {
-	/* Symbols which vary between passes.  Passes 1 and 2 must have
-	 * identical symbol lists.  The kallsyms_* symbols below are only added
-	 * after pass 1, they would be included in pass 2 when --all-symbols is
-	 * specified so exclude them to get a stable symbol list.
-	 */
-	static char *special_symbols[] = {
-		"kallsyms_addresses",
-		"kallsyms_offsets",
-		"kallsyms_relative_base",
-		"kallsyms_num_syms",
-		"kallsyms_names",
-		"kallsyms_markers",
-		"kallsyms_token_table",
-		"kallsyms_token_index",
-
-	/* Exclude linker generated symbols which vary between passes */
-		"_SDA_BASE_",		/* ppc */
-		"_SDA2_BASE_",		/* ppc */
-		NULL };
-
-	static char *special_prefixes[] = {
-		"__crc_",		/* modversions */
-		"__efistub_",		/* arm64 EFI stub namespace */
-		NULL };
-
-	static char *special_suffixes[] = {
-		"_veneer",		/* arm */
-		"_from_arm",		/* arm */
-		"_from_thumb",		/* arm */
-		NULL };
-
-	int i;
-	char *sym_name = (char *)s->sym + 1;
+	const char *name = sym_name(s);
 
 	/* if --all-symbols is not specified, then symbols outside the text
 	 * and inittext sections are discarded */
@@ -239,35 +252,37 @@ static int symbol_valid(struct sym_entry *s)
 		 * rules.
 		 */
 		if ((s->addr == text_range_text->end &&
-				strcmp(sym_name,
-				       text_range_text->end_sym)) ||
+		     strcmp(name, text_range_text->end_sym)) ||
 		    (s->addr == text_range_inittext->end &&
-				strcmp(sym_name,
-				       text_range_inittext->end_sym)))
+		     strcmp(name, text_range_inittext->end_sym)))
 			return 0;
 	}
 
-	/* Exclude symbols which vary between passes. */
-	for (i = 0; special_symbols[i]; i++)
-		if (strcmp(sym_name, special_symbols[i]) == 0)
-			return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
 
-	for (i = 0; special_prefixes[i]; i++) {
-		int l = strlen(special_prefixes[i]);
+/* remove all the invalid symbols from the table */
+static void shrink_table(void)
+{
+	unsigned int i, pos;
 
-		if (l <= strlen(sym_name) &&
-		    strncmp(sym_name, special_prefixes[i], l) == 0)
-			return 0;
+	pos = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < table_cnt; i++) {
+		if (symbol_valid(&table[i])) {
+			if (pos != i)
+				table[pos] = table[i];
+			pos++;
+		} else {
+			free(table[i].sym);
+		}
 	}
+	table_cnt = pos;
 
-	for (i = 0; special_suffixes[i]; i++) {
-		int l = strlen(sym_name) - strlen(special_suffixes[i]);
-
-		if (l >= 0 && strcmp(sym_name + l, special_suffixes[i]) == 0)
-			return 0;
+	/* When valid symbol is not registered, exit to error */
+	if (!table_cnt) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "No valid symbol.\n");
+		exit(1);
 	}
-
-	return 1;
 }
 
 static void read_map(FILE *in)
@@ -288,7 +303,7 @@ static void read_map(FILE *in)
 	}
 }
 
-static void output_label(char *label)
+static void output_label(const char *label)
 {
 	printf(".globl %s\n", label);
 	printf("\tALGN\n");
@@ -297,7 +312,7 @@ static void output_label(char *label)
 
 /* uncompress a compressed symbol. When this function is called, the best table
  * might still be compressed itself, so the function needs to be recursive */
-static int expand_symbol(unsigned char *data, int len, char *result)
+static int expand_symbol(const unsigned char *data, int len, char *result)
 {
 	int c, rlen, total=0;
 
@@ -322,7 +337,7 @@ static int expand_symbol(unsigned char *data, int len, char *result)
 	return total;
 }
 
-static int symbol_absolute(struct sym_entry *s)
+static int symbol_absolute(const struct sym_entry *s)
 {
 	return s->percpu_absolute;
 }
@@ -460,7 +475,7 @@ static void write_src(void)
 /* table lookup compression functions */
 
 /* count all the possible tokens in a symbol */
-static void learn_symbol(unsigned char *symbol, int len)
+static void learn_symbol(const unsigned char *symbol, int len)
 {
 	int i;
 
@@ -469,7 +484,7 @@ static void learn_symbol(unsigned char *symbol, int len)
 }
 
 /* decrease the count for all the possible tokens in a symbol */
-static void forget_symbol(unsigned char *symbol, int len)
+static void forget_symbol(const unsigned char *symbol, int len)
 {
 	int i;
 
@@ -477,24 +492,17 @@ static void forget_symbol(unsigned char *symbol, int len)
 		token_profit[ symbol[i] + (symbol[i + 1] << 8) ]--;
 }
 
-/* remove all the invalid symbols from the table and do the initial token count */
+/* do the initial token count */
 static void build_initial_tok_table(void)
 {
-	unsigned int i, pos;
+	unsigned int i;
 
-	pos = 0;
-	for (i = 0; i < table_cnt; i++) {
-		if ( symbol_valid(&table[i]) ) {
-			if (pos != i)
-				table[pos] = table[i];
-			learn_symbol(table[pos].sym, table[pos].len);
-			pos++;
-		}
-	}
-	table_cnt = pos;
+	for (i = 0; i < table_cnt; i++)
+		learn_symbol(table[i].sym, table[i].len);
 }
 
-static void *find_token(unsigned char *str, int len, unsigned char *token)
+static unsigned char *find_token(unsigned char *str, int len,
+				 const unsigned char *token)
 {
 	int i;
 
@@ -507,7 +515,7 @@ static void *find_token(unsigned char *str, int len, unsigned char *token)
 
 /* replace a given token in all the valid symbols. Use the sampled symbols
  * to update the counts */
-static void compress_symbols(unsigned char *str, int idx)
+static void compress_symbols(const unsigned char *str, int idx)
 {
 	unsigned int i, len, size;
 	unsigned char *p1, *p2;
@@ -614,19 +622,13 @@ static void optimize_token_table(void)
 
 	insert_real_symbols_in_table();
 
-	/* When valid symbol is not registered, exit to error */
-	if (!table_cnt) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "No valid symbol.\n");
-		exit(1);
-	}
-
 	optimize_result();
 }
 
 /* guess for "linker script provide" symbol */
 static int may_be_linker_script_provide_symbol(const struct sym_entry *se)
 {
-	const char *symbol = (char *)se->sym + 1;
+	const char *symbol = sym_name(se);
 	int len = se->len - 1;
 
 	if (len < 8)
@@ -658,16 +660,6 @@ static int may_be_linker_script_provide_symbol(const struct sym_entry *se)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int prefix_underscores_count(const char *str)
-{
-	const char *tail = str;
-
-	while (*tail == '_')
-		tail++;
-
-	return tail - str;
-}
-
 static int compare_symbols(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
 	const struct sym_entry *sa;
@@ -696,8 +688,8 @@ static int compare_symbols(const void *a, const void *b)
 		return wa - wb;
 
 	/* sort by the number of prefix underscores */
-	wa = prefix_underscores_count((const char *)sa->sym + 1);
-	wb = prefix_underscores_count((const char *)sb->sym + 1);
+	wa = strspn(sym_name(sa), "_");
+	wb = strspn(sym_name(sb), "_");
 	if (wa != wb)
 		return wa - wb;
 
@@ -731,11 +723,15 @@ static void record_relative_base(void)
 {
 	unsigned int i;
 
-	relative_base = -1ULL;
 	for (i = 0; i < table_cnt; i++)
-		if (!symbol_absolute(&table[i]) &&
-		    table[i].addr < relative_base)
+		if (!symbol_absolute(&table[i])) {
+			/*
+			 * The table is sorted by address.
+			 * Take the first non-absolute symbol value.
+			 */
 			relative_base = table[i].addr;
+			return;
+		}
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
@@ -756,11 +752,12 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		usage();
 
 	read_map(stdin);
+	shrink_table();
 	if (absolute_percpu)
 		make_percpus_absolute();
+	sort_symbols();
 	if (base_relative)
 		record_relative_base();
-	sort_symbols();
 	optimize_token_table();
 	write_src();
 
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/Makefile b/scripts/kconfig/Makefile
index ef2f2336c469..2f1a59fa5169 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/Makefile
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/Makefile
@@ -66,7 +66,9 @@ localyesconfig localmodconfig: $(obj)/conf
 #  syncconfig has become an internal implementation detail and is now
 #  deprecated for external use
 simple-targets := oldconfig allnoconfig allyesconfig allmodconfig \
-	alldefconfig randconfig listnewconfig olddefconfig syncconfig
+	alldefconfig randconfig listnewconfig olddefconfig syncconfig \
+	helpnewconfig
+
 PHONY += $(simple-targets)
 
 $(simple-targets): $(obj)/conf
@@ -134,17 +136,19 @@ help:
 	@echo  '  alldefconfig    - New config with all symbols set to default'
 	@echo  '  randconfig	  - New config with random answer to all options'
 	@echo  '  listnewconfig   - List new options'
+	@echo  '  helpnewconfig   - List new options and help text'
 	@echo  '  olddefconfig	  - Same as oldconfig but sets new symbols to their'
 	@echo  '                    default value without prompting'
 	@echo  '  kvmconfig	  - Enable additional options for kvm guest kernel support'
-	@echo  '  xenconfig       - Enable additional options for xen dom0 and guest kernel support'
+	@echo  '  xenconfig       - Enable additional options for xen dom0 and guest kernel'
+	@echo  '                    support'
 	@echo  '  tinyconfig	  - Configure the tiniest possible kernel'
 	@echo  '  testconfig	  - Run Kconfig unit tests (requires python3 and pytest)'
 
 # ===========================================================================
 # object files used by all kconfig flavours
 common-objs	:= confdata.o expr.o lexer.lex.o parser.tab.o preprocess.o \
-		   symbol.o
+		   symbol.o util.o
 
 $(obj)/lexer.lex.o: $(obj)/parser.tab.h
 HOSTCFLAGS_lexer.lex.o	:= -I $(srctree)/$(src)
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/conf.c b/scripts/kconfig/conf.c
index 40e16e871ae2..1f89bf1558ce 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/conf.c
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/conf.c
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ enum input_mode {
 	defconfig,
 	savedefconfig,
 	listnewconfig,
+	helpnewconfig,
 	olddefconfig,
 };
 static enum input_mode input_mode = oldaskconfig;
@@ -434,6 +435,11 @@ static void check_conf(struct menu *menu)
 						printf("%s%s=%s\n", CONFIG_, sym->name, str);
 					}
 				}
+			} else if (input_mode == helpnewconfig) {
+				printf("-----\n");
+				print_help(menu);
+				printf("-----\n");
+
 			} else {
 				if (!conf_cnt++)
 					printf("*\n* Restart config...\n*\n");
@@ -459,6 +465,7 @@ static struct option long_opts[] = {
 	{"alldefconfig",    no_argument,       NULL, alldefconfig},
 	{"randconfig",      no_argument,       NULL, randconfig},
 	{"listnewconfig",   no_argument,       NULL, listnewconfig},
+	{"helpnewconfig",   no_argument,       NULL, helpnewconfig},
 	{"olddefconfig",    no_argument,       NULL, olddefconfig},
 	{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 };
@@ -469,6 +476,7 @@ static void conf_usage(const char *progname)
 	printf("Usage: %s [-s] [option] <kconfig-file>\n", progname);
 	printf("[option] is _one_ of the following:\n");
 	printf("  --listnewconfig         List new options\n");
+	printf("  --helpnewconfig         List new options and help text\n");
 	printf("  --oldaskconfig          Start a new configuration using a line-oriented program\n");
 	printf("  --oldconfig             Update a configuration using a provided .config as base\n");
 	printf("  --syncconfig            Similar to oldconfig but generates configuration in\n"
@@ -543,6 +551,7 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
 		case allmodconfig:
 		case alldefconfig:
 		case listnewconfig:
+		case helpnewconfig:
 		case olddefconfig:
 			break;
 		case '?':
@@ -576,6 +585,7 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
 	case oldaskconfig:
 	case oldconfig:
 	case listnewconfig:
+	case helpnewconfig:
 	case olddefconfig:
 		conf_read(NULL);
 		break;
@@ -657,6 +667,7 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
 		/* fall through */
 	case oldconfig:
 	case listnewconfig:
+	case helpnewconfig:
 	case syncconfig:
 		/* Update until a loop caused no more changes */
 		do {
@@ -675,7 +686,7 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
 				defconfig_file);
 			return 1;
 		}
-	} else if (input_mode != listnewconfig) {
+	} else if (input_mode != listnewconfig && input_mode != helpnewconfig) {
 		if (!no_conf_write && conf_write(NULL)) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "\n*** Error during writing of the configuration.\n\n");
 			exit(1);
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/mconf-cfg.sh b/scripts/kconfig/mconf-cfg.sh
index c812872d7f9d..aa68ec95620d 100755
--- a/scripts/kconfig/mconf-cfg.sh
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/mconf-cfg.sh
@@ -44,4 +44,7 @@ echo >&2 "* Unable to find the ncurses package."
 echo >&2 "* Install ncurses (ncurses-devel or libncurses-dev"
 echo >&2 "* depending on your distribution)."
 echo >&2 "*"
+echo >&2 "* You may also need to install pkg-config to find the"
+echo >&2 "* ncurses installed in a non-default location."
+echo >&2 "*"
 exit 1
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/nconf-cfg.sh b/scripts/kconfig/nconf-cfg.sh
index 001559ef0a60..c212255070c0 100755
--- a/scripts/kconfig/nconf-cfg.sh
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/nconf-cfg.sh
@@ -44,4 +44,7 @@ echo >&2 "* Unable to find the ncurses package."
 echo >&2 "* Install ncurses (ncurses-devel or libncurses-dev"
 echo >&2 "* depending on your distribution)."
 echo >&2 "*"
+echo >&2 "* You may also need to install pkg-config to find the"
+echo >&2 "* ncurses installed in a non-default location."
+echo >&2 "*"
 exit 1
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/parser.y b/scripts/kconfig/parser.y
index 60936c76865b..b3eff9613cf8 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/parser.y
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/parser.y
@@ -727,5 +727,4 @@ void zconfdump(FILE *out)
 	}
 }
 
-#include "util.c"
 #include "menu.c"
diff --git a/scripts/mod/modpost.c b/scripts/mod/modpost.c
index d2a30a7b3f07..6e892c93d104 100644
--- a/scripts/mod/modpost.c
+++ b/scripts/mod/modpost.c
@@ -38,8 +38,6 @@ static int sec_mismatch_count = 0;
 static int sec_mismatch_fatal = 0;
 /* ignore missing files */
 static int ignore_missing_files;
-/* write namespace dependencies */
-static int write_namespace_deps;
 
 enum export {
 	export_plain,      export_unused,     export_gpl,
@@ -171,7 +169,6 @@ struct symbol {
 	unsigned int vmlinux:1;    /* 1 if symbol is defined in vmlinux */
 	unsigned int kernel:1;     /* 1 if symbol is from kernel
 				    *  (only for external modules) **/
-	unsigned int preloaded:1;  /* 1 if symbol from Module.symvers, or crc */
 	unsigned int is_static:1;  /* 1 if symbol is not global */
 	enum export  export;       /* Type of export */
 	char name[0];
@@ -214,13 +211,11 @@ static struct symbol *new_symbol(const char *name, struct module *module,
 				 enum export export)
 {
 	unsigned int hash;
-	struct symbol *new;
 
 	hash = tdb_hash(name) % SYMBOL_HASH_SIZE;
-	new = symbolhash[hash] = alloc_symbol(name, 0, symbolhash[hash]);
-	new->module = module;
-	new->export = export;
-	return new;
+	symbolhash[hash] = alloc_symbol(name, 0, symbolhash[hash]);
+
+	return symbolhash[hash];
 }
 
 static struct symbol *find_symbol(const char *name)
@@ -241,10 +236,8 @@ static struct symbol *find_symbol(const char *name)
 static bool contains_namespace(struct namespace_list *list,
 			       const char *namespace)
 {
-	struct namespace_list *ns_entry;
-
-	for (ns_entry = list; ns_entry != NULL; ns_entry = ns_entry->next)
-		if (strcmp(ns_entry->namespace, namespace) == 0)
+	for (; list; list = list->next)
+		if (!strcmp(list->namespace, namespace))
 			return true;
 
 	return false;
@@ -312,6 +305,18 @@ static const char *sec_name(struct elf_info *elf, int secindex)
 	return sech_name(elf, &elf->sechdrs[secindex]);
 }
 
+static void *sym_get_data(const struct elf_info *info, const Elf_Sym *sym)
+{
+	Elf_Shdr *sechdr = &info->sechdrs[sym->st_shndx];
+	unsigned long offset;
+
+	offset = sym->st_value;
+	if (info->hdr->e_type != ET_REL)
+		offset -= sechdr->sh_addr;
+
+	return (void *)info->hdr + sechdr->sh_offset + offset;
+}
+
 #define strstarts(str, prefix) (strncmp(str, prefix, strlen(prefix)) == 0)
 
 static enum export export_from_secname(struct elf_info *elf, unsigned int sec)
@@ -348,10 +353,10 @@ static enum export export_from_sec(struct elf_info *elf, unsigned int sec)
 		return export_unknown;
 }
 
-static const char *namespace_from_kstrtabns(struct elf_info *info,
-					    Elf_Sym *kstrtabns)
+static const char *namespace_from_kstrtabns(const struct elf_info *info,
+					    const Elf_Sym *sym)
 {
-	char *value = info->ksymtab_strings + kstrtabns->st_value;
+	const char *value = sym_get_data(info, sym);
 	return value[0] ? value : NULL;
 }
 
@@ -385,33 +390,32 @@ static struct symbol *sym_add_exported(const char *name, struct module *mod,
 
 	if (!s) {
 		s = new_symbol(name, mod, export);
-	} else {
-		if (!s->preloaded) {
-			warn("%s: '%s' exported twice. Previous export was in %s%s\n",
-			     mod->name, name, s->module->name,
-			     is_vmlinux(s->module->name) ? "" : ".ko");
-		} else {
-			/* In case Module.symvers was out of date */
-			s->module = mod;
-		}
+	} else if (!external_module || is_vmlinux(s->module->name) ||
+		   s->module == mod) {
+		warn("%s: '%s' exported twice. Previous export was in %s%s\n",
+		     mod->name, name, s->module->name,
+		     is_vmlinux(s->module->name) ? "" : ".ko");
+		return s;
 	}
-	s->preloaded = 0;
+
+	s->module = mod;
 	s->vmlinux   = is_vmlinux(mod->name);
 	s->kernel    = 0;
 	s->export    = export;
 	return s;
 }
 
-static void sym_update_crc(const char *name, struct module *mod,
-			   unsigned int crc, enum export export)
+static void sym_set_crc(const char *name, unsigned int crc)
 {
 	struct symbol *s = find_symbol(name);
 
-	if (!s) {
-		s = new_symbol(name, mod, export);
-		/* Don't complain when we find it later. */
-		s->preloaded = 1;
-	}
+	/*
+	 * Ignore stand-alone __crc_*, which might be auto-generated symbols
+	 * such as __*_veneer in ARM ELF.
+	 */
+	if (!s)
+		return;
+
 	s->crc = crc;
 	s->crc_valid = 1;
 }
@@ -593,10 +597,6 @@ static int parse_elf(struct elf_info *info, const char *filename)
 			info->export_unused_gpl_sec = i;
 		else if (strcmp(secname, "__ksymtab_gpl_future") == 0)
 			info->export_gpl_future_sec = i;
-		else if (strcmp(secname, "__ksymtab_strings") == 0)
-			info->ksymtab_strings = (void *)hdr +
-						sechdrs[i].sh_offset -
-						sechdrs[i].sh_addr;
 
 		if (sechdrs[i].sh_type == SHT_SYMTAB) {
 			unsigned int sh_link_idx;
@@ -679,12 +679,34 @@ static int ignore_undef_symbol(struct elf_info *info, const char *symname)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void handle_modversions(struct module *mod, struct elf_info *info,
-			       Elf_Sym *sym, const char *symname)
+static void handle_modversion(const struct module *mod,
+			      const struct elf_info *info,
+			      const Elf_Sym *sym, const char *symname)
 {
 	unsigned int crc;
+
+	if (sym->st_shndx == SHN_UNDEF) {
+		warn("EXPORT symbol \"%s\" [%s%s] version generation failed, symbol will not be versioned.\n",
+		     symname, mod->name, is_vmlinux(mod->name) ? "":".ko");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (sym->st_shndx == SHN_ABS) {
+		crc = sym->st_value;
+	} else {
+		unsigned int *crcp;
+
+		/* symbol points to the CRC in the ELF object */
+		crcp = sym_get_data(info, sym);
+		crc = TO_NATIVE(*crcp);
+	}
+	sym_set_crc(symname, crc);
+}
+
+static void handle_symbol(struct module *mod, struct elf_info *info,
+			  const Elf_Sym *sym, const char *symname)
+{
 	enum export export;
-	bool is_crc = false;
 	const char *name;
 
 	if ((!is_vmlinux(mod->name) || mod->is_dot_o) &&
@@ -693,24 +715,6 @@ static void handle_modversions(struct module *mod, struct elf_info *info,
 	else
 		export = export_from_sec(info, get_secindex(info, sym));
 
-	/* CRC'd symbol */
-	if (strstarts(symname, "__crc_")) {
-		is_crc = true;
-		crc = (unsigned int) sym->st_value;
-		if (sym->st_shndx != SHN_UNDEF && sym->st_shndx != SHN_ABS) {
-			unsigned int *crcp;
-
-			/* symbol points to the CRC in the ELF object */
-			crcp = (void *)info->hdr + sym->st_value +
-			       info->sechdrs[sym->st_shndx].sh_offset -
-			       (info->hdr->e_type != ET_REL ?
-				info->sechdrs[sym->st_shndx].sh_addr : 0);
-			crc = TO_NATIVE(*crcp);
-		}
-		sym_update_crc(symname + strlen("__crc_"), mod, crc,
-				export);
-	}
-
 	switch (sym->st_shndx) {
 	case SHN_COMMON:
 		if (strstarts(symname, "__gnu_lto_")) {
@@ -745,11 +749,6 @@ static void handle_modversions(struct module *mod, struct elf_info *info,
 		}
 #endif
 
-		if (is_crc) {
-			const char *e = is_vmlinux(mod->name) ?"":".ko";
-			warn("EXPORT symbol \"%s\" [%s%s] version generation failed, symbol will not be versioned.\n",
-			     symname + strlen("__crc_"), mod->name, e);
-		}
 		mod->unres = alloc_symbol(symname,
 					  ELF_ST_BIND(sym->st_info) == STB_WEAK,
 					  mod->unres);
@@ -2050,18 +2049,22 @@ static void read_symbols(const char *modname)
 	for (sym = info.symtab_start; sym < info.symtab_stop; sym++) {
 		symname = remove_dot(info.strtab + sym->st_name);
 
-		handle_modversions(mod, &info, sym, symname);
+		handle_symbol(mod, &info, sym, symname);
 		handle_moddevtable(mod, &info, sym, symname);
 	}
 
-	/* Apply symbol namespaces from __kstrtabns_<symbol> entries. */
 	for (sym = info.symtab_start; sym < info.symtab_stop; sym++) {
 		symname = remove_dot(info.strtab + sym->st_name);
 
+		/* Apply symbol namespaces from __kstrtabns_<symbol> entries. */
 		if (strstarts(symname, "__kstrtabns_"))
 			sym_update_namespace(symname + strlen("__kstrtabns_"),
 					     namespace_from_kstrtabns(&info,
 								      sym));
+
+		if (strstarts(symname, "__crc_"))
+			handle_modversion(mod, &info, sym,
+					  symname + strlen("__crc_"));
 	}
 
 	// check for static EXPORT_SYMBOL_* functions && global vars
@@ -2217,15 +2220,11 @@ static int check_exports(struct module *mod)
 		else
 			basename = mod->name;
 
-		if (exp->namespace) {
-			add_namespace(&mod->required_namespaces,
-				      exp->namespace);
-
-			if (!write_namespace_deps &&
-			    !module_imports_namespace(mod, exp->namespace)) {
-				warn("module %s uses symbol %s from namespace %s, but does not import it.\n",
-				     basename, exp->name, exp->namespace);
-			}
+		if (exp->namespace &&
+		    !module_imports_namespace(mod, exp->namespace)) {
+			warn("module %s uses symbol %s from namespace %s, but does not import it.\n",
+			     basename, exp->name, exp->namespace);
+			add_namespace(&mod->missing_namespaces, exp->namespace);
 		}
 
 		if (!mod->gpl_compatible)
@@ -2477,9 +2476,8 @@ static void read_dump(const char *fname, unsigned int kernel)
 		}
 		s = sym_add_exported(symname, mod, export_no(export));
 		s->kernel    = kernel;
-		s->preloaded = 1;
 		s->is_static = 0;
-		sym_update_crc(symname, mod, crc, export_no(export));
+		sym_set_crc(symname, crc);
 		sym_update_namespace(symname, namespace);
 	}
 	release_file(file, size);
@@ -2527,29 +2525,27 @@ static void write_dump(const char *fname)
 	free(buf.p);
 }
 
-static void write_namespace_deps_files(void)
+static void write_namespace_deps_files(const char *fname)
 {
 	struct module *mod;
 	struct namespace_list *ns;
 	struct buffer ns_deps_buf = {};
 
 	for (mod = modules; mod; mod = mod->next) {
-		char fname[PATH_MAX];
 
-		if (mod->skip)
+		if (mod->skip || !mod->missing_namespaces)
 			continue;
 
-		ns_deps_buf.pos = 0;
-
-		for (ns = mod->required_namespaces; ns; ns = ns->next)
-			buf_printf(&ns_deps_buf, "%s\n", ns->namespace);
+		buf_printf(&ns_deps_buf, "%s.ko:", mod->name);
 
-		if (ns_deps_buf.pos == 0)
-			continue;
+		for (ns = mod->missing_namespaces; ns; ns = ns->next)
+			buf_printf(&ns_deps_buf, " %s", ns->namespace);
 
-		sprintf(fname, "%s.ns_deps", mod->name);
-		write_if_changed(&ns_deps_buf, fname);
+		buf_printf(&ns_deps_buf, "\n");
 	}
+
+	write_if_changed(&ns_deps_buf, fname);
+	free(ns_deps_buf.p);
 }
 
 struct ext_sym_list {
@@ -2561,7 +2557,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	struct module *mod;
 	struct buffer buf = { };
-	char *kernel_read = NULL, *module_read = NULL;
+	char *kernel_read = NULL;
+	char *missing_namespace_deps = NULL;
 	char *dump_write = NULL, *files_source = NULL;
 	int opt;
 	int err;
@@ -2569,13 +2566,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	struct ext_sym_list *extsym_iter;
 	struct ext_sym_list *extsym_start = NULL;
 
-	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "i:I:e:mnsT:o:awEd")) != -1) {
+	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "i:e:mnsT:o:awEd:")) != -1) {
 		switch (opt) {
 		case 'i':
 			kernel_read = optarg;
-			break;
-		case 'I':
-			module_read = optarg;
 			external_module = 1;
 			break;
 		case 'e':
@@ -2611,7 +2605,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 			sec_mismatch_fatal = 1;
 			break;
 		case 'd':
-			write_namespace_deps = 1;
+			missing_namespace_deps = optarg;
 			break;
 		default:
 			exit(1);
@@ -2620,8 +2614,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	if (kernel_read)
 		read_dump(kernel_read, 1);
-	if (module_read)
-		read_dump(module_read, 0);
 	while (extsym_start) {
 		read_dump(extsym_start->file, 0);
 		extsym_iter = extsym_start->next;
@@ -2647,8 +2639,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 		err |= check_modname_len(mod);
 		err |= check_exports(mod);
-		if (write_namespace_deps)
-			continue;
 
 		add_header(&buf, mod);
 		add_intree_flag(&buf, !external_module);
@@ -2663,10 +2653,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		write_if_changed(&buf, fname);
 	}
 
-	if (write_namespace_deps) {
-		write_namespace_deps_files();
-		return 0;
-	}
+	if (missing_namespace_deps)
+		write_namespace_deps_files(missing_namespace_deps);
 
 	if (dump_write)
 		write_dump(dump_write);
diff --git a/scripts/mod/modpost.h b/scripts/mod/modpost.h
index ad271bc6c313..64a82d2d85f6 100644
--- a/scripts/mod/modpost.h
+++ b/scripts/mod/modpost.h
@@ -126,8 +126,8 @@ struct module {
 	struct buffer dev_table_buf;
 	char	     srcversion[25];
 	int is_dot_o;
-	// Required namespace dependencies
-	struct namespace_list *required_namespaces;
+	// Missing namespace dependencies
+	struct namespace_list *missing_namespaces;
 	// Actual imported namespaces
 	struct namespace_list *imported_namespaces;
 };
@@ -143,7 +143,6 @@ struct elf_info {
 	Elf_Section  export_gpl_sec;
 	Elf_Section  export_unused_gpl_sec;
 	Elf_Section  export_gpl_future_sec;
-	char	     *ksymtab_strings;
 	char         *strtab;
 	char	     *modinfo;
 	unsigned int modinfo_len;
diff --git a/scripts/nsdeps b/scripts/nsdeps
index 04cea0921673..03a8e7cbe6c7 100644
--- a/scripts/nsdeps
+++ b/scripts/nsdeps
@@ -21,21 +21,26 @@ if [ "$SPATCH_VERSION_NUM" -lt "$SPATCH_REQ_VERSION_NUM" ] ; then
 	exit 1
 fi
 
+if [ "$KBUILD_EXTMOD" ]; then
+	src_prefix=
+else
+	src_prefix=$srctree/
+fi
+
 generate_deps_for_ns() {
 	$SPATCH --very-quiet --in-place --sp-file \
 		$srctree/scripts/coccinelle/misc/add_namespace.cocci -D ns=$1 $2
 }
 
 generate_deps() {
-	local mod_name=`basename $@ .ko`
-	local mod_file=`echo $@ | sed -e 's/\.ko/\.mod/'`
-	local ns_deps_file=`echo $@ | sed -e 's/\.ko/\.ns_deps/'`
-	if [ ! -f "$ns_deps_file" ]; then return; fi
-	local mod_source_files="`cat $mod_file | sed -n 1p                      \
+	local mod=${1%.ko:}
+	shift
+	local namespaces="$*"
+	local mod_source_files="`cat $mod.mod | sed -n 1p                      \
 					      | sed -e 's/\.o/\.c/g'           \
-					      | sed "s|[^ ]* *|${srctree}/&|g"`"
-	for ns in `cat $ns_deps_file`; do
-		echo "Adding namespace $ns to module $mod_name (if needed)."
+					      | sed "s|[^ ]* *|${src_prefix}&|g"`"
+	for ns in $namespaces; do
+		echo "Adding namespace $ns to module $mod.ko."
 		generate_deps_for_ns $ns "$mod_source_files"
 		# sort the imports
 		for source_file in $mod_source_files; do
@@ -52,7 +57,7 @@ generate_deps() {
 	done
 }
 
-for f in `cat $objtree/modules.order`; do
-	generate_deps $f
-done
-
+while read line
+do
+	generate_deps $line
+done < $MODULES_NSDEPS
diff --git a/scripts/package/buildtar b/scripts/package/buildtar
index 2f66c81e4021..77c7caefede1 100755
--- a/scripts/package/buildtar
+++ b/scripts/package/buildtar
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
 #
-# buildtar 0.0.4
+# buildtar 0.0.5
 #
 # (C) 2004-2006 by Jan-Benedict Glaw <jbglaw@lug-owl.de>
 #
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ tarball="${objtree}/linux-${KERNELRELEASE}-${ARCH}.tar"
 # Figure out how to compress, if requested at all
 #
 case "${1}" in
-	tar-pkg)
+	dir-pkg|tar-pkg)
 		opts=
 		;;
 	targz-pkg)
@@ -125,6 +125,10 @@ case "${ARCH}" in
 		;;
 esac
 
+if [ "${1}" = dir-pkg ]; then
+	echo "Kernel tree successfully created in $tmpdir"
+	exit 0
+fi
 
 #
 # Create the tarball
diff --git a/scripts/pnmtologo.c b/scripts/pnmtologo.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 4718d7895f0b..000000000000
--- a/scripts/pnmtologo.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,514 +0,0 @@
-
-/*
- *  Convert a logo in ASCII PNM format to C source suitable for inclusion in
- *  the Linux kernel
- *
- *  (C) Copyright 2001-2003 by Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
- *
- *  --------------------------------------------------------------------------
- *
- *  This file is subject to the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public
- *  License. See the file COPYING in the main directory of the Linux
- *  distribution for more details.
- */
-
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-
-static const char *programname;
-static const char *filename;
-static const char *logoname = "linux_logo";
-static const char *outputname;
-static FILE *out;
-
-
-#define LINUX_LOGO_MONO		1	/* monochrome black/white */
-#define LINUX_LOGO_VGA16	2	/* 16 colors VGA text palette */
-#define LINUX_LOGO_CLUT224	3	/* 224 colors */
-#define LINUX_LOGO_GRAY256	4	/* 256 levels grayscale */
-
-static const char *logo_types[LINUX_LOGO_GRAY256+1] = {
-    [LINUX_LOGO_MONO] = "LINUX_LOGO_MONO",
-    [LINUX_LOGO_VGA16] = "LINUX_LOGO_VGA16",
-    [LINUX_LOGO_CLUT224] = "LINUX_LOGO_CLUT224",
-    [LINUX_LOGO_GRAY256] = "LINUX_LOGO_GRAY256"
-};
-
-#define MAX_LINUX_LOGO_COLORS	224
-
-struct color {
-    unsigned char red;
-    unsigned char green;
-    unsigned char blue;
-};
-
-static const struct color clut_vga16[16] = {
-    { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 },
-    { 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa },
-    { 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00 },
-    { 0x00, 0xaa, 0xaa },
-    { 0xaa, 0x00, 0x00 },
-    { 0xaa, 0x00, 0xaa },
-    { 0xaa, 0x55, 0x00 },
-    { 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa },
-    { 0x55, 0x55, 0x55 },
-    { 0x55, 0x55, 0xff },
-    { 0x55, 0xff, 0x55 },
-    { 0x55, 0xff, 0xff },
-    { 0xff, 0x55, 0x55 },
-    { 0xff, 0x55, 0xff },
-    { 0xff, 0xff, 0x55 },
-    { 0xff, 0xff, 0xff },
-};
-
-
-static int logo_type = LINUX_LOGO_CLUT224;
-static unsigned int logo_width;
-static unsigned int logo_height;
-static struct color **logo_data;
-static struct color logo_clut[MAX_LINUX_LOGO_COLORS];
-static unsigned int logo_clutsize;
-static int is_plain_pbm = 0;
-
-static void die(const char *fmt, ...)
-    __attribute__ ((noreturn)) __attribute ((format (printf, 1, 2)));
-static void usage(void) __attribute ((noreturn));
-
-
-static unsigned int get_number(FILE *fp)
-{
-    int c, val;
-
-    /* Skip leading whitespace */
-    do {
-	c = fgetc(fp);
-	if (c == EOF)
-	    die("%s: end of file\n", filename);
-	if (c == '#') {
-	    /* Ignore comments 'till end of line */
-	    do {
-		c = fgetc(fp);
-		if (c == EOF)
-		    die("%s: end of file\n", filename);
-	    } while (c != '\n');
-	}
-    } while (isspace(c));
-
-    /* Parse decimal number */
-    val = 0;
-    while (isdigit(c)) {
-	val = 10*val+c-'0';
-	/* some PBM are 'broken'; GiMP for example exports a PBM without space
-	 * between the digits. This is Ok cause we know a PBM can only have a '1'
-	 * or a '0' for the digit. */
-	if (is_plain_pbm)
-		break;
-	c = fgetc(fp);
-	if (c == EOF)
-	    die("%s: end of file\n", filename);
-    }
-    return val;
-}
-
-static unsigned int get_number255(FILE *fp, unsigned int maxval)
-{
-    unsigned int val = get_number(fp);
-    return (255*val+maxval/2)/maxval;
-}
-
-static void read_image(void)
-{
-    FILE *fp;
-    unsigned int i, j;
-    int magic;
-    unsigned int maxval;
-
-    /* open image file */
-    fp = fopen(filename, "r");
-    if (!fp)
-	die("Cannot open file %s: %s\n", filename, strerror(errno));
-
-    /* check file type and read file header */
-    magic = fgetc(fp);
-    if (magic != 'P')
-	die("%s is not a PNM file\n", filename);
-    magic = fgetc(fp);
-    switch (magic) {
-	case '1':
-	case '2':
-	case '3':
-	    /* Plain PBM/PGM/PPM */
-	    break;
-
-	case '4':
-	case '5':
-	case '6':
-	    /* Binary PBM/PGM/PPM */
-	    die("%s: Binary PNM is not supported\n"
-		"Use pnmnoraw(1) to convert it to ASCII PNM\n", filename);
-
-	default:
-	    die("%s is not a PNM file\n", filename);
-    }
-    logo_width = get_number(fp);
-    logo_height = get_number(fp);
-
-    /* allocate image data */
-    logo_data = (struct color **)malloc(logo_height*sizeof(struct color *));
-    if (!logo_data)
-	die("%s\n", strerror(errno));
-    for (i = 0; i < logo_height; i++) {
-	logo_data[i] = malloc(logo_width*sizeof(struct color));
-	if (!logo_data[i])
-	    die("%s\n", strerror(errno));
-    }
-
-    /* read image data */
-    switch (magic) {
-	case '1':
-	    /* Plain PBM */
-	    is_plain_pbm = 1;
-	    for (i = 0; i < logo_height; i++)
-		for (j = 0; j < logo_width; j++)
-		    logo_data[i][j].red = logo_data[i][j].green =
-			logo_data[i][j].blue = 255*(1-get_number(fp));
-	    break;
-
-	case '2':
-	    /* Plain PGM */
-	    maxval = get_number(fp);
-	    for (i = 0; i < logo_height; i++)
-		for (j = 0; j < logo_width; j++)
-		    logo_data[i][j].red = logo_data[i][j].green =
-			logo_data[i][j].blue = get_number255(fp, maxval);
-	    break;
-
-	case '3':
-	    /* Plain PPM */
-	    maxval = get_number(fp);
-	    for (i = 0; i < logo_height; i++)
-		for (j = 0; j < logo_width; j++) {
-		    logo_data[i][j].red = get_number255(fp, maxval);
-		    logo_data[i][j].green = get_number255(fp, maxval);
-		    logo_data[i][j].blue = get_number255(fp, maxval);
-		}
-	    break;
-    }
-
-    /* close file */
-    fclose(fp);
-}
-
-static inline int is_black(struct color c)
-{
-    return c.red == 0 && c.green == 0 && c.blue == 0;
-}
-
-static inline int is_white(struct color c)
-{
-    return c.red == 255 && c.green == 255 && c.blue == 255;
-}
-
-static inline int is_gray(struct color c)
-{
-    return c.red == c.green && c.red == c.blue;
-}
-
-static inline int is_equal(struct color c1, struct color c2)
-{
-    return c1.red == c2.red && c1.green == c2.green && c1.blue == c2.blue;
-}
-
-static void write_header(void)
-{
-    /* open logo file */
-    if (outputname) {
-	out = fopen(outputname, "w");
-	if (!out)
-	    die("Cannot create file %s: %s\n", outputname, strerror(errno));
-    } else {
-	out = stdout;
-    }
-
-    fputs("/*\n", out);
-    fputs(" *  DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE!\n", out);
-    fputs(" *\n", out);
-    fprintf(out, " *  It was automatically generated from %s\n", filename);
-    fputs(" *\n", out);
-    fprintf(out, " *  Linux logo %s\n", logoname);
-    fputs(" */\n\n", out);
-    fputs("#include <linux/linux_logo.h>\n\n", out);
-    fprintf(out, "static unsigned char %s_data[] __initdata = {\n",
-	    logoname);
-}
-
-static void write_footer(void)
-{
-    fputs("\n};\n\n", out);
-    fprintf(out, "const struct linux_logo %s __initconst = {\n", logoname);
-    fprintf(out, "\t.type\t\t= %s,\n", logo_types[logo_type]);
-    fprintf(out, "\t.width\t\t= %d,\n", logo_width);
-    fprintf(out, "\t.height\t\t= %d,\n", logo_height);
-    if (logo_type == LINUX_LOGO_CLUT224) {
-	fprintf(out, "\t.clutsize\t= %d,\n", logo_clutsize);
-	fprintf(out, "\t.clut\t\t= %s_clut,\n", logoname);
-    }
-    fprintf(out, "\t.data\t\t= %s_data\n", logoname);
-    fputs("};\n\n", out);
-
-    /* close logo file */
-    if (outputname)
-	fclose(out);
-}
-
-static int write_hex_cnt;
-
-static void write_hex(unsigned char byte)
-{
-    if (write_hex_cnt % 12)
-	fprintf(out, ", 0x%02x", byte);
-    else if (write_hex_cnt)
-	fprintf(out, ",\n\t0x%02x", byte);
-    else
-	fprintf(out, "\t0x%02x", byte);
-    write_hex_cnt++;
-}
-
-static void write_logo_mono(void)
-{
-    unsigned int i, j;
-    unsigned char val, bit;
-
-    /* validate image */
-    for (i = 0; i < logo_height; i++)
-	for (j = 0; j < logo_width; j++)
-	    if (!is_black(logo_data[i][j]) && !is_white(logo_data[i][j]))
-		die("Image must be monochrome\n");
-
-    /* write file header */
-    write_header();
-
-    /* write logo data */
-    for (i = 0; i < logo_height; i++) {
-	for (j = 0; j < logo_width;) {
-	    for (val = 0, bit = 0x80; bit && j < logo_width; j++, bit >>= 1)
-		if (logo_data[i][j].red)
-		    val |= bit;
-	    write_hex(val);
-	}
-    }
-
-    /* write logo structure and file footer */
-    write_footer();
-}
-
-static void write_logo_vga16(void)
-{
-    unsigned int i, j, k;
-    unsigned char val;
-
-    /* validate image */
-    for (i = 0; i < logo_height; i++)
-	for (j = 0; j < logo_width; j++) {
-	    for (k = 0; k < 16; k++)
-		if (is_equal(logo_data[i][j], clut_vga16[k]))
-		    break;
-	    if (k == 16)
-		die("Image must use the 16 console colors only\n"
-		    "Use ppmquant(1) -map clut_vga16.ppm to reduce the number "
-		    "of colors\n");
-	}
-
-    /* write file header */
-    write_header();
-
-    /* write logo data */
-    for (i = 0; i < logo_height; i++)
-	for (j = 0; j < logo_width; j++) {
-	    for (k = 0; k < 16; k++)
-		if (is_equal(logo_data[i][j], clut_vga16[k]))
-		    break;
-	    val = k<<4;
-	    if (++j < logo_width) {
-		for (k = 0; k < 16; k++)
-		    if (is_equal(logo_data[i][j], clut_vga16[k]))
-			break;
-		val |= k;
-	    }
-	    write_hex(val);
-	}
-
-    /* write logo structure and file footer */
-    write_footer();
-}
-
-static void write_logo_clut224(void)
-{
-    unsigned int i, j, k;
-
-    /* validate image */
-    for (i = 0; i < logo_height; i++)
-	for (j = 0; j < logo_width; j++) {
-	    for (k = 0; k < logo_clutsize; k++)
-		if (is_equal(logo_data[i][j], logo_clut[k]))
-		    break;
-	    if (k == logo_clutsize) {
-		if (logo_clutsize == MAX_LINUX_LOGO_COLORS)
-		    die("Image has more than %d colors\n"
-			"Use ppmquant(1) to reduce the number of colors\n",
-			MAX_LINUX_LOGO_COLORS);
-		logo_clut[logo_clutsize++] = logo_data[i][j];
-	    }
-	}
-
-    /* write file header */
-    write_header();
-
-    /* write logo data */
-    for (i = 0; i < logo_height; i++)
-	for (j = 0; j < logo_width; j++) {
-	    for (k = 0; k < logo_clutsize; k++)
-		if (is_equal(logo_data[i][j], logo_clut[k]))
-		    break;
-	    write_hex(k+32);
-	}
-    fputs("\n};\n\n", out);
-
-    /* write logo clut */
-    fprintf(out, "static unsigned char %s_clut[] __initdata = {\n",
-	    logoname);
-    write_hex_cnt = 0;
-    for (i = 0; i < logo_clutsize; i++) {
-	write_hex(logo_clut[i].red);
-	write_hex(logo_clut[i].green);
-	write_hex(logo_clut[i].blue);
-    }
-
-    /* write logo structure and file footer */
-    write_footer();
-}
-
-static void write_logo_gray256(void)
-{
-    unsigned int i, j;
-
-    /* validate image */
-    for (i = 0; i < logo_height; i++)
-	for (j = 0; j < logo_width; j++)
-	    if (!is_gray(logo_data[i][j]))
-		die("Image must be grayscale\n");
-
-    /* write file header */
-    write_header();
-
-    /* write logo data */
-    for (i = 0; i < logo_height; i++)
-	for (j = 0; j < logo_width; j++)
-	    write_hex(logo_data[i][j].red);
-
-    /* write logo structure and file footer */
-    write_footer();
-}
-
-static void die(const char *fmt, ...)
-{
-    va_list ap;
-
-    va_start(ap, fmt);
-    vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
-    va_end(ap);
-
-    exit(1);
-}
-
-static void usage(void)
-{
-    die("\n"
-	"Usage: %s [options] <filename>\n"
-	"\n"
-	"Valid options:\n"
-	"    -h          : display this usage information\n"
-	"    -n <name>   : specify logo name (default: linux_logo)\n"
-	"    -o <output> : output to file <output> instead of stdout\n"
-	"    -t <type>   : specify logo type, one of\n"
-	"                      mono    : monochrome black/white\n"
-	"                      vga16   : 16 colors VGA text palette\n"
-	"                      clut224 : 224 colors (default)\n"
-	"                      gray256 : 256 levels grayscale\n"
-	"\n", programname);
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-    int opt;
-
-    programname = argv[0];
-
-    opterr = 0;
-    while (1) {
-	opt = getopt(argc, argv, "hn:o:t:");
-	if (opt == -1)
-	    break;
-
-	switch (opt) {
-	    case 'h':
-		usage();
-		break;
-
-	    case 'n':
-		logoname = optarg;
-		break;
-
-	    case 'o':
-		outputname = optarg;
-		break;
-
-	    case 't':
-		if (!strcmp(optarg, "mono"))
-		    logo_type = LINUX_LOGO_MONO;
-		else if (!strcmp(optarg, "vga16"))
-		    logo_type = LINUX_LOGO_VGA16;
-		else if (!strcmp(optarg, "clut224"))
-		    logo_type = LINUX_LOGO_CLUT224;
-		else if (!strcmp(optarg, "gray256"))
-		    logo_type = LINUX_LOGO_GRAY256;
-		else
-		    usage();
-		break;
-
-	    default:
-		usage();
-		break;
-	}
-    }
-    if (optind != argc-1)
-	usage();
-
-    filename = argv[optind];
-
-    read_image();
-    switch (logo_type) {
-	case LINUX_LOGO_MONO:
-	    write_logo_mono();
-	    break;
-
-	case LINUX_LOGO_VGA16:
-	    write_logo_vga16();
-	    break;
-
-	case LINUX_LOGO_CLUT224:
-	    write_logo_clut224();
-	    break;
-
-	case LINUX_LOGO_GRAY256:
-	    write_logo_gray256();
-	    break;
-    }
-    exit(0);
-}
diff --git a/scripts/setlocalversion b/scripts/setlocalversion
index a2998b118ef9..20f2efd57b11 100755
--- a/scripts/setlocalversion
+++ b/scripts/setlocalversion
@@ -45,11 +45,11 @@ scm_version()
 
 	# Check for git and a git repo.
 	if test -z "$(git rev-parse --show-cdup 2>/dev/null)" &&
-	   head=`git rev-parse --verify --short HEAD 2>/dev/null`; then
+	   head=$(git rev-parse --verify --short HEAD 2>/dev/null); then
 
 		# If we are at a tagged commit (like "v2.6.30-rc6"), we ignore
 		# it, because this version is defined in the top level Makefile.
-		if [ -z "`git describe --exact-match 2>/dev/null`" ]; then
+		if [ -z "$(git describe --exact-match 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
 
 			# If only the short version is requested, don't bother
 			# running further git commands
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ scm_version()
 			fi
 			# If we are past a tagged commit (like
 			# "v2.6.30-rc5-302-g72357d5"), we pretty print it.
-			if atag="`git describe 2>/dev/null`"; then
+			if atag="$(git describe 2>/dev/null)"; then
 				echo "$atag" | awk -F- '{printf("-%05d-%s", $(NF-1),$(NF))}'
 
 			# If we don't have a tag at all we print -g{commitish}.
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ scm_version()
 
 		# Is this git on svn?
 		if git config --get svn-remote.svn.url >/dev/null; then
-			printf -- '-svn%s' "`git svn find-rev $head`"
+			printf -- '-svn%s' "$(git svn find-rev $head)"
 		fi
 
 		# Check for uncommitted changes.
@@ -91,15 +91,15 @@ scm_version()
 	fi
 
 	# Check for mercurial and a mercurial repo.
-	if test -d .hg && hgid=`hg id 2>/dev/null`; then
+	if test -d .hg && hgid=$(hg id 2>/dev/null); then
 		# Do we have an tagged version?  If so, latesttagdistance == 1
-		if [ "`hg log -r . --template '{latesttagdistance}'`" = "1" ]; then
-			id=`hg log -r . --template '{latesttag}'`
+		if [ "$(hg log -r . --template '{latesttagdistance}')" = "1" ]; then
+			id=$(hg log -r . --template '{latesttag}')
 			printf '%s%s' -hg "$id"
 		else
-			tag=`printf '%s' "$hgid" | cut -d' ' -f2`
+			tag=$(printf '%s' "$hgid" | cut -d' ' -f2)
 			if [ -z "$tag" -o "$tag" = tip ]; then
-				id=`printf '%s' "$hgid" | sed 's/[+ ].*//'`
+				id=$(printf '%s' "$hgid" | sed 's/[+ ].*//')
 				printf '%s%s' -hg "$id"
 			fi
 		fi
@@ -115,8 +115,8 @@ scm_version()
 	fi
 
 	# Check for svn and a svn repo.
-	if rev=`LANG= LC_ALL= LC_MESSAGES=C svn info 2>/dev/null | grep '^Last Changed Rev'`; then
-		rev=`echo $rev | awk '{print $NF}'`
+	if rev=$(LANG= LC_ALL= LC_MESSAGES=C svn info 2>/dev/null | grep '^Last Changed Rev'); then
+		rev=$(echo $rev | awk '{print $NF}')
 		printf -- '-svn%s' "$rev"
 
 		# All done with svn
diff --git a/scripts/ver_linux b/scripts/ver_linux
index 810e608baa24..85005d6b7f10 100755
--- a/scripts/ver_linux
+++ b/scripts/ver_linux
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ BEGIN {
 	printversion("PPP", version("pppd --version"))
 	printversion("Isdn4k-utils", version("isdnctrl"))
 	printversion("Nfs-utils", version("showmount --version"))
+	printversion("Bison", version("bison --version"))
+	printversion("Flex", version("flex --version"))
 
 	while (getline <"/proc/self/maps" > 0) {
 		if (/libc.*\.so$/) {