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diff --git a/Documentation/ManagementStyle b/Documentation/ManagementStyle deleted file mode 100644 index dea2e66c9a10..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/ManagementStyle +++ /dev/null @@ -1,288 +0,0 @@ -.. _managementstyle: - -Linux kernel management style -============================= - -This is a short document describing the preferred (or made up, depending -on who you ask) management style for the linux kernel. It's meant to -mirror the CodingStyle document to some degree, and mainly written to -avoid answering [#f1]_ the same (or similar) questions over and over again. - -Management style is very personal and much harder to quantify than -simple coding style rules, so this document may or may not have anything -to do with reality. It started as a lark, but that doesn't mean that it -might not actually be true. You'll have to decide for yourself. - -Btw, when talking about "kernel manager", it's all about the technical -lead persons, not the people who do traditional management inside -companies. If you sign purchase orders or you have any clue about the -budget of your group, you're almost certainly not a kernel manager. -These suggestions may or may not apply to you. - -First off, I'd suggest buying "Seven Habits of Highly Effective -People", and NOT read it. Burn it, it's a great symbolic gesture. - -.. [#f1] This document does so not so much by answering the question, but by - making it painfully obvious to the questioner that we don't have a clue - to what the answer is. - -Anyway, here goes: - -.. _decisions: - -1) Decisions ------------- - -Everybody thinks managers make decisions, and that decision-making is -important. The bigger and more painful the decision, the bigger the -manager must be to make it. That's very deep and obvious, but it's not -actually true. - -The name of the game is to **avoid** having to make a decision. In -particular, if somebody tells you "choose (a) or (b), we really need you -to decide on this", you're in trouble as a manager. The people you -manage had better know the details better than you, so if they come to -you for a technical decision, you're screwed. You're clearly not -competent to make that decision for them. - -(Corollary:if the people you manage don't know the details better than -you, you're also screwed, although for a totally different reason. -Namely that you are in the wrong job, and that **they** should be managing -your brilliance instead). - -So the name of the game is to **avoid** decisions, at least the big and -painful ones. Making small and non-consequential decisions is fine, and -makes you look like you know what you're doing, so what a kernel manager -needs to do is to turn the big and painful ones into small things where -nobody really cares. - -It helps to realize that the key difference between a big decision and a -small one is whether you can fix your decision afterwards. Any decision -can be made small by just always making sure that if you were wrong (and -you **will** be wrong), you can always undo the damage later by -backtracking. Suddenly, you get to be doubly managerial for making -**two** inconsequential decisions - the wrong one **and** the right one. - -And people will even see that as true leadership (*cough* bullshit -*cough*). - -Thus the key to avoiding big decisions becomes to just avoiding to do -things that can't be undone. Don't get ushered into a corner from which -you cannot escape. A cornered rat may be dangerous - a cornered manager -is just pitiful. - -It turns out that since nobody would be stupid enough to ever really let -a kernel manager have huge fiscal responsibility **anyway**, it's usually -fairly easy to backtrack. Since you're not going to be able to waste -huge amounts of money that you might not be able to repay, the only -thing you can backtrack on is a technical decision, and there -back-tracking is very easy: just tell everybody that you were an -incompetent nincompoop, say you're sorry, and undo all the worthless -work you had people work on for the last year. Suddenly the decision -you made a year ago wasn't a big decision after all, since it could be -easily undone. - -It turns out that some people have trouble with this approach, for two -reasons: - - - admitting you were an idiot is harder than it looks. We all like to - maintain appearances, and coming out in public to say that you were - wrong is sometimes very hard indeed. - - having somebody tell you that what you worked on for the last year - wasn't worthwhile after all can be hard on the poor lowly engineers - too, and while the actual **work** was easy enough to undo by just - deleting it, you may have irrevocably lost the trust of that - engineer. And remember: "irrevocable" was what we tried to avoid in - the first place, and your decision ended up being a big one after - all. - -Happily, both of these reasons can be mitigated effectively by just -admitting up-front that you don't have a friggin' clue, and telling -people ahead of the fact that your decision is purely preliminary, and -might be the wrong thing. You should always reserve the right to change -your mind, and make people very **aware** of that. And it's much easier -to admit that you are stupid when you haven't **yet** done the really -stupid thing. - -Then, when it really does turn out to be stupid, people just roll their -eyes and say "Oops, he did it again". - -This preemptive admission of incompetence might also make the people who -actually do the work also think twice about whether it's worth doing or -not. After all, if **they** aren't certain whether it's a good idea, you -sure as hell shouldn't encourage them by promising them that what they -work on will be included. Make them at least think twice before they -embark on a big endeavor. - -Remember: they'd better know more about the details than you do, and -they usually already think they have the answer to everything. The best -thing you can do as a manager is not to instill confidence, but rather a -healthy dose of critical thinking on what they do. - -Btw, another way to avoid a decision is to plaintively just whine "can't -we just do both?" and look pitiful. Trust me, it works. If it's not -clear which approach is better, they'll eventually figure it out. The -answer may end up being that both teams get so frustrated by the -situation that they just give up. - -That may sound like a failure, but it's usually a sign that there was -something wrong with both projects, and the reason the people involved -couldn't decide was that they were both wrong. You end up coming up -smelling like roses, and you avoided yet another decision that you could -have screwed up on. - - -2) People ---------- - -Most people are idiots, and being a manager means you'll have to deal -with it, and perhaps more importantly, that **they** have to deal with -**you**. - -It turns out that while it's easy to undo technical mistakes, it's not -as easy to undo personality disorders. You just have to live with -theirs - and yours. - -However, in order to prepare yourself as a kernel manager, it's best to -remember not to burn any bridges, bomb any innocent villagers, or -alienate too many kernel developers. It turns out that alienating people -is fairly easy, and un-alienating them is hard. Thus "alienating" -immediately falls under the heading of "not reversible", and becomes a -no-no according to :ref:`decisions`. - -There's just a few simple rules here: - - (1) don't call people d*ckheads (at least not in public) - (2) learn how to apologize when you forgot rule (1) - -The problem with #1 is that it's very easy to do, since you can say -"you're a d*ckhead" in millions of different ways [#f2]_, sometimes without -even realizing it, and almost always with a white-hot conviction that -you are right. - -And the more convinced you are that you are right (and let's face it, -you can call just about **anybody** a d*ckhead, and you often **will** be -right), the harder it ends up being to apologize afterwards. - -To solve this problem, you really only have two options: - - - get really good at apologies - - spread the "love" out so evenly that nobody really ends up feeling - like they get unfairly targeted. Make it inventive enough, and they - might even be amused. - -The option of being unfailingly polite really doesn't exist. Nobody will -trust somebody who is so clearly hiding his true character. - -.. [#f2] Paul Simon sang "Fifty Ways to Leave Your Lover", because quite - frankly, "A Million Ways to Tell a Developer He Is a D*ckhead" doesn't - scan nearly as well. But I'm sure he thought about it. - - -3) People II - the Good Kind ----------------------------- - -While it turns out that most people are idiots, the corollary to that is -sadly that you are one too, and that while we can all bask in the secure -knowledge that we're better than the average person (let's face it, -nobody ever believes that they're average or below-average), we should -also admit that we're not the sharpest knife around, and there will be -other people that are less of an idiot than you are. - -Some people react badly to smart people. Others take advantage of them. - -Make sure that you, as a kernel maintainer, are in the second group. -Suck up to them, because they are the people who will make your job -easier. In particular, they'll be able to make your decisions for you, -which is what the game is all about. - -So when you find somebody smarter than you are, just coast along. Your -management responsibilities largely become ones of saying "Sounds like a -good idea - go wild", or "That sounds good, but what about xxx?". The -second version in particular is a great way to either learn something -new about "xxx" or seem **extra** managerial by pointing out something the -smarter person hadn't thought about. In either case, you win. - -One thing to look out for is to realize that greatness in one area does -not necessarily translate to other areas. So you might prod people in -specific directions, but let's face it, they might be good at what they -do, and suck at everything else. The good news is that people tend to -naturally gravitate back to what they are good at, so it's not like you -are doing something irreversible when you **do** prod them in some -direction, just don't push too hard. - - -4) Placing blame ----------------- - -Things will go wrong, and people want somebody to blame. Tag, you're it. - -It's not actually that hard to accept the blame, especially if people -kind of realize that it wasn't **all** your fault. Which brings us to the -best way of taking the blame: do it for another guy. You'll feel good -for taking the fall, he'll feel good about not getting blamed, and the -guy who lost his whole 36GB porn-collection because of your incompetence -will grudgingly admit that you at least didn't try to weasel out of it. - -Then make the developer who really screwed up (if you can find him) know -**in_private** that he screwed up. Not just so he can avoid it in the -future, but so that he knows he owes you one. And, perhaps even more -importantly, he's also likely the person who can fix it. Because, let's -face it, it sure ain't you. - -Taking the blame is also why you get to be manager in the first place. -It's part of what makes people trust you, and allow you the potential -glory, because you're the one who gets to say "I screwed up". And if -you've followed the previous rules, you'll be pretty good at saying that -by now. - - -5) Things to avoid ------------------- - -There's one thing people hate even more than being called "d*ckhead", -and that is being called a "d*ckhead" in a sanctimonious voice. The -first you can apologize for, the second one you won't really get the -chance. They likely will no longer be listening even if you otherwise -do a good job. - -We all think we're better than anybody else, which means that when -somebody else puts on airs, it **really** rubs us the wrong way. You may -be morally and intellectually superior to everybody around you, but -don't try to make it too obvious unless you really **intend** to irritate -somebody [#f3]_. - -Similarly, don't be too polite or subtle about things. Politeness easily -ends up going overboard and hiding the problem, and as they say, "On the -internet, nobody can hear you being subtle". Use a big blunt object to -hammer the point in, because you can't really depend on people getting -your point otherwise. - -Some humor can help pad both the bluntness and the moralizing. Going -overboard to the point of being ridiculous can drive a point home -without making it painful to the recipient, who just thinks you're being -silly. It can thus help get through the personal mental block we all -have about criticism. - -.. [#f3] Hint: internet newsgroups that are not directly related to your work - are great ways to take out your frustrations at other people. Write - insulting posts with a sneer just to get into a good flame every once in - a while, and you'll feel cleansed. Just don't crap too close to home. - - -6) Why me? ----------- - -Since your main responsibility seems to be to take the blame for other -peoples mistakes, and make it painfully obvious to everybody else that -you're incompetent, the obvious question becomes one of why do it in the -first place? - -First off, while you may or may not get screaming teenage girls (or -boys, let's not be judgmental or sexist here) knocking on your dressing -room door, you **will** get an immense feeling of personal accomplishment -for being "in charge". Never mind the fact that you're really leading -by trying to keep up with everybody else and running after them as fast -as you can. Everybody will still think you're the person in charge. - -It's a great job if you can hack it. |