diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | CREDITS | 5 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | include/linux/cgroup_subsys.h | 5 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | init/Kconfig | 16 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | kernel/Makefile | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | kernel/cgroup_pids.c | 366 |
5 files changed, 393 insertions, 0 deletions
@@ -3219,6 +3219,11 @@ S: 69 rue Dunois S: 75013 Paris S: France +N: Aleksa Sarai +E: cyphar@cyphar.com +W: https://www.cyphar.com/ +D: `pids` cgroup subsystem + N: Dipankar Sarma E: dipankar@in.ibm.com D: RCU diff --git a/include/linux/cgroup_subsys.h b/include/linux/cgroup_subsys.h index ec43bce7e1ea..1f36945fd23d 100644 --- a/include/linux/cgroup_subsys.h +++ b/include/linux/cgroup_subsys.h @@ -62,6 +62,11 @@ SUBSYS(hugetlb) * Subsystems that implement the can_fork() family of callbacks. */ SUBSYS_TAG(CANFORK_START) + +#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_CGROUP_PIDS) +SUBSYS(pids) +#endif + SUBSYS_TAG(CANFORK_END) /* diff --git a/init/Kconfig b/init/Kconfig index af09b4fb43d2..2184b34cbf73 100644 --- a/init/Kconfig +++ b/init/Kconfig @@ -955,6 +955,22 @@ config CGROUP_FREEZER Provides a way to freeze and unfreeze all tasks in a cgroup. +config CGROUP_PIDS + bool "PIDs cgroup subsystem" + help + Provides enforcement of process number limits in the scope of a + cgroup. Any attempt to fork more processes than is allowed in the + cgroup will fail. PIDs are fundamentally a global resource because it + is fairly trivial to reach PID exhaustion before you reach even a + conservative kmemcg limit. As a result, it is possible to grind a + system to halt without being limited by other cgroup policies. The + PIDs cgroup subsystem is designed to stop this from happening. + + It should be noted that organisational operations (such as attaching + to a cgroup hierarchy will *not* be blocked by the PIDs subsystem), + since the PIDs limit only affects a process's ability to fork, not to + attach to a cgroup. + config CGROUP_DEVICE bool "Device controller for cgroups" help diff --git a/kernel/Makefile b/kernel/Makefile index 43c4c920f30a..718fb8afab7a 100644 --- a/kernel/Makefile +++ b/kernel/Makefile @@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_BACKTRACE_SELF_TEST) += backtracetest.o obj-$(CONFIG_COMPAT) += compat.o obj-$(CONFIG_CGROUPS) += cgroup.o obj-$(CONFIG_CGROUP_FREEZER) += cgroup_freezer.o +obj-$(CONFIG_CGROUP_PIDS) += cgroup_pids.o obj-$(CONFIG_CPUSETS) += cpuset.o obj-$(CONFIG_UTS_NS) += utsname.o obj-$(CONFIG_USER_NS) += user_namespace.o diff --git a/kernel/cgroup_pids.c b/kernel/cgroup_pids.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..d75488824ae2 --- /dev/null +++ b/kernel/cgroup_pids.c @@ -0,0 +1,366 @@ +/* + * Process number limiting controller for cgroups. + * + * Used to allow a cgroup hierarchy to stop any new processes from fork()ing + * after a certain limit is reached. + * + * Since it is trivial to hit the task limit without hitting any kmemcg limits + * in place, PIDs are a fundamental resource. As such, PID exhaustion must be + * preventable in the scope of a cgroup hierarchy by allowing resource limiting + * of the number of tasks in a cgroup. + * + * In order to use the `pids` controller, set the maximum number of tasks in + * pids.max (this is not available in the root cgroup for obvious reasons). The + * number of processes currently in the cgroup is given by pids.current. + * Organisational operations are not blocked by cgroup policies, so it is + * possible to have pids.current > pids.max. However, it is not possible to + * violate a cgroup policy through fork(). fork() will return -EAGAIN if forking + * would cause a cgroup policy to be violated. + * + * To set a cgroup to have no limit, set pids.max to "max". This is the default + * for all new cgroups (N.B. that PID limits are hierarchical, so the most + * stringent limit in the hierarchy is followed). + * + * pids.current tracks all child cgroup hierarchies, so parent/pids.current is + * a superset of parent/child/pids.current. + * + * Copyright (C) 2015 Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com> + * + * This file is subject to the terms and conditions of version 2 of the GNU + * General Public License. See the file COPYING in the main directory of the + * Linux distribution for more details. + */ + +#include <linux/kernel.h> +#include <linux/threads.h> +#include <linux/atomic.h> +#include <linux/cgroup.h> +#include <linux/slab.h> + +#define PIDS_MAX (PID_MAX_LIMIT + 1ULL) +#define PIDS_MAX_STR "max" + +struct pids_cgroup { + struct cgroup_subsys_state css; + + /* + * Use 64-bit types so that we can safely represent "max" as + * %PIDS_MAX = (%PID_MAX_LIMIT + 1). + */ + atomic64_t counter; + int64_t limit; +}; + +static struct pids_cgroup *css_pids(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css) +{ + return container_of(css, struct pids_cgroup, css); +} + +static struct pids_cgroup *parent_pids(struct pids_cgroup *pids) +{ + return css_pids(pids->css.parent); +} + +static struct cgroup_subsys_state * +pids_css_alloc(struct cgroup_subsys_state *parent) +{ + struct pids_cgroup *pids; + + pids = kzalloc(sizeof(struct pids_cgroup), GFP_KERNEL); + if (!pids) + return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); + + pids->limit = PIDS_MAX; + atomic64_set(&pids->counter, 0); + return &pids->css; +} + +static void pids_css_free(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css) +{ + kfree(css_pids(css)); +} + +/** + * pids_cancel - uncharge the local pid count + * @pids: the pid cgroup state + * @num: the number of pids to cancel + * + * This function will WARN if the pid count goes under 0, because such a case is + * a bug in the pids controller proper. + */ +static void pids_cancel(struct pids_cgroup *pids, int num) +{ + /* + * A negative count (or overflow for that matter) is invalid, + * and indicates a bug in the `pids` controller proper. + */ + WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic64_add_negative(-num, &pids->counter)); +} + +/** + * pids_uncharge - hierarchically uncharge the pid count + * @pids: the pid cgroup state + * @num: the number of pids to uncharge + */ +static void pids_uncharge(struct pids_cgroup *pids, int num) +{ + struct pids_cgroup *p; + + for (p = pids; p; p = parent_pids(p)) + pids_cancel(p, num); +} + +/** + * pids_charge - hierarchically charge the pid count + * @pids: the pid cgroup state + * @num: the number of pids to charge + * + * This function does *not* follow the pid limit set. It cannot fail and the new + * pid count may exceed the limit. This is only used for reverting failed + * attaches, where there is no other way out than violating the limit. + */ +static void pids_charge(struct pids_cgroup *pids, int num) +{ + struct pids_cgroup *p; + + for (p = pids; p; p = parent_pids(p)) + atomic64_add(num, &p->counter); +} + +/** + * pids_try_charge - hierarchically try to charge the pid count + * @pids: the pid cgroup state + * @num: the number of pids to charge + * + * This function follows the set limit. It will fail if the charge would cause + * the new value to exceed the hierarchical limit. Returns 0 if the charge + * succeded, otherwise -EAGAIN. + */ +static int pids_try_charge(struct pids_cgroup *pids, int num) +{ + struct pids_cgroup *p, *q; + + for (p = pids; p; p = parent_pids(p)) { + int64_t new = atomic64_add_return(num, &p->counter); + + /* + * Since new is capped to the maximum number of pid_t, if + * p->limit is %PIDS_MAX then we know that this test will never + * fail. + */ + if (new > p->limit) + goto revert; + } + + return 0; + +revert: + for (q = pids; q != p; q = parent_pids(q)) + pids_cancel(q, num); + pids_cancel(p, num); + + return -EAGAIN; +} + +static int pids_can_attach(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css, + struct cgroup_taskset *tset) +{ + struct pids_cgroup *pids = css_pids(css); + struct task_struct *task; + + cgroup_taskset_for_each(task, tset) { + struct cgroup_subsys_state *old_css; + struct pids_cgroup *old_pids; + + /* + * Grab a ref to each task's css. We don't drop the ref until + * we either fail and hit ->cancel_attach() or succeed and hit + * ->attach(). + */ + old_css = task_get_css(task, pids_cgrp_id); + old_pids = css_pids(old_css); + + pids_charge(pids, 1); + pids_uncharge(old_pids, 1); + } + + return 0; +} + +static void pids_cancel_attach(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css, + struct cgroup_taskset *tset) +{ + struct pids_cgroup *pids = css_pids(css); + struct task_struct *task; + + cgroup_taskset_for_each(task, tset) { + struct cgroup_subsys_state *old_css; + struct pids_cgroup *old_pids; + + old_css = task_css(task, pids_cgrp_id); + old_pids = css_pids(old_css); + + pids_charge(old_pids, 1); + pids_uncharge(pids, 1); + css_put(old_css); + } +} + +static void pids_attach(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css, + struct cgroup_taskset *tset) +{ + struct task_struct *task; + + cgroup_taskset_for_each(task, tset) + css_put(task_css(task, pids_cgrp_id)); +} + +static int pids_can_fork(struct task_struct *task, void **priv_p) +{ + struct cgroup_subsys_state *css; + struct pids_cgroup *pids; + int err; + + /* + * Use the "current" task_css for the pids subsystem as the tentative + * css. It is possible we will charge the wrong hierarchy, in which + * case we will forcefully revert/reapply the charge on the right + * hierarchy after it is committed to the task proper. + */ + css = task_get_css(current, pids_cgrp_id); + pids = css_pids(css); + + err = pids_try_charge(pids, 1); + if (err) + goto err_css_put; + + *priv_p = css; + return 0; + +err_css_put: + css_put(css); + return err; +} + +static void pids_cancel_fork(struct task_struct *task, void *priv) +{ + struct cgroup_subsys_state *css = priv; + struct pids_cgroup *pids = css_pids(css); + + pids_uncharge(pids, 1); + css_put(css); +} + +static void pids_fork(struct task_struct *task, void *priv) +{ + struct cgroup_subsys_state *css; + struct cgroup_subsys_state *old_css = priv; + struct pids_cgroup *pids; + struct pids_cgroup *old_pids = css_pids(old_css); + + css = task_get_css(task, pids_cgrp_id); + pids = css_pids(css); + + /* + * If the association has changed, we have to revert and reapply the + * charge/uncharge on the wrong hierarchy to the current one. Since + * the association can only change due to an organisation event, its + * okay for us to ignore the limit in this case. + */ + if (pids != old_pids) { + pids_uncharge(old_pids, 1); + pids_charge(pids, 1); + } + + css_put(css); + css_put(old_css); +} + +static void pids_exit(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css, + struct cgroup_subsys_state *old_css, + struct task_struct *task) +{ + struct pids_cgroup *pids = css_pids(old_css); + + pids_uncharge(pids, 1); +} + +static ssize_t pids_max_write(struct kernfs_open_file *of, char *buf, + size_t nbytes, loff_t off) +{ + struct cgroup_subsys_state *css = of_css(of); + struct pids_cgroup *pids = css_pids(css); + int64_t limit; + int err; + + buf = strstrip(buf); + if (!strcmp(buf, PIDS_MAX_STR)) { + limit = PIDS_MAX; + goto set_limit; + } + + err = kstrtoll(buf, 0, &limit); + if (err) + return err; + + if (limit < 0 || limit >= PIDS_MAX) + return -EINVAL; + +set_limit: + /* + * Limit updates don't need to be mutex'd, since it isn't + * critical that any racing fork()s follow the new limit. + */ + pids->limit = limit; + return nbytes; +} + +static int pids_max_show(struct seq_file *sf, void *v) +{ + struct cgroup_subsys_state *css = seq_css(sf); + struct pids_cgroup *pids = css_pids(css); + int64_t limit = pids->limit; + + if (limit >= PIDS_MAX) + seq_printf(sf, "%s\n", PIDS_MAX_STR); + else + seq_printf(sf, "%lld\n", limit); + + return 0; +} + +static s64 pids_current_read(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css, + struct cftype *cft) +{ + struct pids_cgroup *pids = css_pids(css); + + return atomic64_read(&pids->counter); +} + +static struct cftype pids_files[] = { + { + .name = "max", + .write = pids_max_write, + .seq_show = pids_max_show, + .flags = CFTYPE_NOT_ON_ROOT, + }, + { + .name = "current", + .read_s64 = pids_current_read, + }, + { } /* terminate */ +}; + +struct cgroup_subsys pids_cgrp_subsys = { + .css_alloc = pids_css_alloc, + .css_free = pids_css_free, + .attach = pids_attach, + .can_attach = pids_can_attach, + .cancel_attach = pids_cancel_attach, + .can_fork = pids_can_fork, + .cancel_fork = pids_cancel_fork, + .fork = pids_fork, + .exit = pids_exit, + .legacy_cftypes = pids_files, + .dfl_cftypes = pids_files, +}; |