ocfs2: Add the underlying blockcheck code.

This is the code that computes crc32 and ecc for ocfs2 metadata blocks.
There are high-level functions that check whether the filesystem has the
ecc feature, mid-level functions that work on a single block or array of
buffer_heads, and the low-level ecc hamming code that can handle
multiple buffers like crc32_le().

It's not hooked up to the filesystem yet.

Signed-off-by: Joel Becker <joel.becker@oracle.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com>

4 files changed, 571 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/fs/ocfs2/Makefile b/fs/ocfs2/Makefile
index 7e4b361b755c..01596079dd63 100644
--- a/fs/ocfs2/Makefile
+++ b/fs/ocfs2/Makefile
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_OCFS2_FS_USERSPACE_CLUSTER) += ocfs2_stack_user.o
 ocfs2-objs := \
 	alloc.o 		\
 	aops.o 			\
+	blockcheck.o		\
 	buffer_head_io.o	\
 	dcache.o 		\
 	dir.o 			\
diff --git a/fs/ocfs2/blockcheck.c b/fs/ocfs2/blockcheck.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2bf3d7f61aec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ocfs2/blockcheck.c
@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+/* -*- mode: c; c-basic-offset: 8; -*-
+ * vim: noexpandtab sw=8 ts=8 sts=0:
+ *
+ * blockcheck.c
+ *
+ * Checksum and ECC codes for the OCFS2 userspace library.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2006, 2008 Oracle.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
+ * License, version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * General Public License for more details.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/crc32.h>
+#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
+#include <linux/bitops.h>
+#include <asm/byteorder.h>
+
+#include "ocfs2.h"
+
+#include "blockcheck.h"
+
+
+
+/*
+ * We use the following conventions:
+ *
+ * d = # data bits
+ * p = # parity bits
+ * c = # total code bits (d + p)
+ */
+static int calc_parity_bits(unsigned int d)
+{
+	unsigned int p;
+
+	/*
+	 * Bits required for Single Error Correction is as follows:
+	 *
+	 * d + p + 1 <= 2^p
+	 *
+	 * We're restricting ourselves to 31 bits of parity, that should be
+	 * sufficient.
+	 */
+	for (p = 1; p < 32; p++)
+	{
+		if ((d + p + 1) <= (1 << p))
+			return p;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Calculate the bit offset in the hamming code buffer based on the bit's
+ * offset in the data buffer.  Since the hamming code reserves all
+ * power-of-two bits for parity, the data bit number and the code bit
+ * number are offest by all the parity bits beforehand.
+ *
+ * Recall that bit numbers in hamming code are 1-based.  This function
+ * takes the 0-based data bit from the caller.
+ *
+ * An example.  Take bit 1 of the data buffer.  1 is a power of two (2^0),
+ * so it's a parity bit.  2 is a power of two (2^1), so it's a parity bit.
+ * 3 is not a power of two.  So bit 1 of the data buffer ends up as bit 3
+ * in the code buffer.
+ */
+static unsigned int calc_code_bit(unsigned int i)
+{
+	unsigned int b, p;
+
+	/*
+	 * Data bits are 0-based, but we're talking code bits, which
+	 * are 1-based.
+	 */
+	b = i + 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * For every power of two below our bit number, bump our bit.
+	 *
+	 * We compare with (b + 1) becuase we have to compare with what b
+	 * would be _if_ it were bumped up by the parity bit.  Capice?
+	 */
+	for (p = 0; (1 << p) < (b + 1); p++)
+		b++;
+
+	return b;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is the low level encoder function.  It can be called across
+ * multiple hunks just like the crc32 code.  'd' is the number of bits
+ * _in_this_hunk_.  nr is the bit offset of this hunk.  So, if you had
+ * two 512B buffers, you would do it like so:
+ *
+ * parity = ocfs2_hamming_encode(0, buf1, 512 * 8, 0);
+ * parity = ocfs2_hamming_encode(parity, buf2, 512 * 8, 512 * 8);
+ *
+ * If you just have one buffer, use ocfs2_hamming_encode_block().
+ */
+u32 ocfs2_hamming_encode(u32 parity, void *data, unsigned int d, unsigned int nr)
+{
+	unsigned int p = calc_parity_bits(nr + d);
+	unsigned int i, j, b;
+
+	BUG_ON(!p);
+
+	/*
+	 * b is the hamming code bit number.  Hamming code specifies a
+	 * 1-based array, but C uses 0-based.  So 'i' is for C, and 'b' is
+	 * for the algorithm.
+	 *
+	 * The i++ in the for loop is so that the start offset passed
+	 * to ocfs2_find_next_bit_set() is one greater than the previously
+	 * found bit.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; (i = ocfs2_find_next_bit(data, d, i)) < d; i++)
+	{
+		/*
+		 * i is the offset in this hunk, nr + i is the total bit
+		 * offset.
+		 */
+		b = calc_code_bit(nr + i);
+
+		for (j = 0; j < p; j++)
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Data bits in the resultant code are checked by
+			 * parity bits that are part of the bit number
+			 * representation.  Huh?
+			 *
+			 * <wikipedia href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamming_code">
+			 * In other words, the parity bit at position 2^k
+			 * checks bits in positions having bit k set in
+			 * their binary representation.  Conversely, for
+			 * instance, bit 13, i.e. 1101(2), is checked by
+			 * bits 1000(2) = 8, 0100(2)=4 and 0001(2) = 1.
+			 * </wikipedia>
+			 *
+			 * Note that 'k' is the _code_ bit number.  'b' in
+			 * our loop.
+			 */
+			if (b & (1 << j))
+				parity ^= (1 << j);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* While the data buffer was treated as little endian, the
+	 * return value is in host endian. */
+	return parity;
+}
+
+u32 ocfs2_hamming_encode_block(void *data, unsigned int blocksize)
+{
+	return ocfs2_hamming_encode(0, data, blocksize * 8, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Like ocfs2_hamming_encode(), this can handle hunks.  nr is the bit
+ * offset of the current hunk.  If bit to be fixed is not part of the
+ * current hunk, this does nothing.
+ *
+ * If you only have one hunk, use ocfs2_hamming_fix_block().
+ */
+void ocfs2_hamming_fix(void *data, unsigned int d, unsigned int nr,
+		       unsigned int fix)
+{
+	unsigned int p = calc_parity_bits(nr + d);
+	unsigned int i, b;
+
+	BUG_ON(!p);
+
+	/*
+	 * If the bit to fix has an hweight of 1, it's a parity bit.  One
+	 * busted parity bit is its own error.  Nothing to do here.
+	 */
+	if (hweight32(fix) == 1)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * nr + d is the bit right past the data hunk we're looking at.
+	 * If fix after that, nothing to do
+	 */
+	if (fix >= calc_code_bit(nr + d))
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * nr is the offset in the data hunk we're starting at.  Let's
+	 * start b at the offset in the code buffer.  See hamming_encode()
+	 * for a more detailed description of 'b'.
+	 */
+	b = calc_code_bit(nr);
+	/* If the fix is before this hunk, nothing to do */
+	if (fix < b)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < d; i++, b++)
+	{
+		/* Skip past parity bits */
+		while (hweight32(b) == 1)
+			b++;
+
+		/*
+		 * i is the offset in this data hunk.
+		 * nr + i is the offset in the total data buffer.
+		 * b is the offset in the total code buffer.
+		 *
+		 * Thus, when b == fix, bit i in the current hunk needs
+		 * fixing.
+		 */
+		if (b == fix)
+		{
+			if (ocfs2_test_bit(i, data))
+				ocfs2_clear_bit(i, data);
+			else
+				ocfs2_set_bit(i, data);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void ocfs2_hamming_fix_block(void *data, unsigned int blocksize,
+			     unsigned int fix)
+{
+	ocfs2_hamming_fix(data, blocksize * 8, 0, fix);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function generates check information for a block.
+ * data is the block to be checked.  bc is a pointer to the
+ * ocfs2_block_check structure describing the crc32 and the ecc.
+ *
+ * bc should be a pointer inside data, as the function will
+ * take care of zeroing it before calculating the check information.  If
+ * bc does not point inside data, the caller must make sure any inline
+ * ocfs2_block_check structures are zeroed.
+ *
+ * The data buffer must be in on-disk endian (little endian for ocfs2).
+ * bc will be filled with little-endian values and will be ready to go to
+ * disk.
+ */
+void ocfs2_block_check_compute(void *data, size_t blocksize,
+			       struct ocfs2_block_check *bc)
+{
+	u32 crc;
+	u32 ecc;
+
+	memset(bc, 0, sizeof(struct ocfs2_block_check));
+
+	crc = crc32_le(~0, data, blocksize);
+	ecc = ocfs2_hamming_encode_block(data, blocksize);
+
+	/*
+	 * No ecc'd ocfs2 structure is larger than 4K, so ecc will be no
+	 * larger than 16 bits.
+	 */
+	BUG_ON(ecc > USHORT_MAX);
+
+	bc->bc_crc32e = cpu_to_le32(crc);
+	bc->bc_ecc = cpu_to_le16((u16)ecc);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function validates existing check information.  Like _compute,
+ * the function will take care of zeroing bc before calculating check codes.
+ * If bc is not a pointer inside data, the caller must have zeroed any
+ * inline ocfs2_block_check structures.
+ *
+ * Again, the data passed in should be the on-disk endian.
+ */
+int ocfs2_block_check_validate(void *data, size_t blocksize,
+			       struct ocfs2_block_check *bc)
+{
+	int rc = 0;
+	struct ocfs2_block_check check;
+	u32 crc, ecc;
+
+	check.bc_crc32e = le32_to_cpu(bc->bc_crc32e);
+	check.bc_ecc = le16_to_cpu(bc->bc_ecc);
+
+	memset(bc, 0, sizeof(struct ocfs2_block_check));
+
+	/* Fast path - if the crc32 validates, we're good to go */
+	crc = crc32_le(~0, data, blocksize);
+	if (crc == check.bc_crc32e)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Ok, try ECC fixups */
+	ecc = ocfs2_hamming_encode_block(data, blocksize);
+	ocfs2_hamming_fix_block(data, blocksize, ecc ^ check.bc_ecc);
+
+	/* And check the crc32 again */
+	crc = crc32_le(~0, data, blocksize);
+	if (crc == check.bc_crc32e)
+		goto out;
+
+	rc = -EIO;
+
+out:
+	bc->bc_crc32e = cpu_to_le32(check.bc_crc32e);
+	bc->bc_ecc = cpu_to_le16(check.bc_ecc);
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function generates check information for a list of buffer_heads.
+ * bhs is the blocks to be checked.  bc is a pointer to the
+ * ocfs2_block_check structure describing the crc32 and the ecc.
+ *
+ * bc should be a pointer inside data, as the function will
+ * take care of zeroing it before calculating the check information.  If
+ * bc does not point inside data, the caller must make sure any inline
+ * ocfs2_block_check structures are zeroed.
+ *
+ * The data buffer must be in on-disk endian (little endian for ocfs2).
+ * bc will be filled with little-endian values and will be ready to go to
+ * disk.
+ */
+void ocfs2_block_check_compute_bhs(struct buffer_head **bhs, int nr,
+				   struct ocfs2_block_check *bc)
+{
+	int i;
+	u32 crc, ecc;
+
+	BUG_ON(nr < 0);
+
+	if (!nr)
+		return;
+
+	memset(bc, 0, sizeof(struct ocfs2_block_check));
+
+	for (i = 0, crc = ~0, ecc = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+		crc = crc32_le(crc, bhs[i]->b_data, bhs[i]->b_size);
+		/*
+		 * The number of bits in a buffer is obviously b_size*8.
+		 * The offset of this buffer is b_size*i, so the bit offset
+		 * of this buffer is b_size*8*i.
+		 */
+		ecc = (u16)ocfs2_hamming_encode(ecc, bhs[i]->b_data,
+						bhs[i]->b_size * 8,
+						bhs[i]->b_size * 8 * i);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * No ecc'd ocfs2 structure is larger than 4K, so ecc will be no
+	 * larger than 16 bits.
+	 */
+	BUG_ON(ecc > USHORT_MAX);
+
+	bc->bc_crc32e = cpu_to_le32(crc);
+	bc->bc_ecc = cpu_to_le16((u16)ecc);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function validates existing check information on a list of
+ * buffer_heads.  Like _compute_bhs, the function will take care of
+ * zeroing bc before calculating check codes.  If bc is not a pointer
+ * inside data, the caller must have zeroed any inline
+ * ocfs2_block_check structures.
+ *
+ * Again, the data passed in should be the on-disk endian.
+ */
+int ocfs2_block_check_validate_bhs(struct buffer_head **bhs, int nr,
+				   struct ocfs2_block_check *bc)
+{
+	int i, rc = 0;
+	struct ocfs2_block_check check;
+	u32 crc, ecc, fix;
+
+	BUG_ON(nr < 0);
+
+	if (!nr)
+		return 0;
+
+	check.bc_crc32e = le32_to_cpu(bc->bc_crc32e);
+	check.bc_ecc = le16_to_cpu(bc->bc_ecc);
+
+	memset(bc, 0, sizeof(struct ocfs2_block_check));
+
+	/* Fast path - if the crc32 validates, we're good to go */
+	for (i = 0, crc = ~0; i < nr; i++)
+		crc = crc32_le(crc, bhs[i]->b_data, bhs[i]->b_size);
+	if (crc == check.bc_crc32e)
+		goto out;
+
+	mlog(ML_ERROR,
+	     "CRC32 failed: stored: %u, computed %u.  Applying ECC.\n",
+	     (unsigned int)check.bc_crc32e, (unsigned int)crc);
+
+	/* Ok, try ECC fixups */
+	for (i = 0, ecc = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+		/*
+		 * The number of bits in a buffer is obviously b_size*8.
+		 * The offset of this buffer is b_size*i, so the bit offset
+		 * of this buffer is b_size*8*i.
+		 */
+		ecc = (u16)ocfs2_hamming_encode(ecc, bhs[i]->b_data,
+						bhs[i]->b_size * 8,
+						bhs[i]->b_size * 8 * i);
+	}
+	fix = ecc ^ check.bc_ecc;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+		/*
+		 * Try the fix against each buffer.  It will only affect
+		 * one of them.
+		 */
+		ocfs2_hamming_fix(bhs[i]->b_data, bhs[i]->b_size * 8,
+				  bhs[i]->b_size * 8 * i, fix);
+	}
+
+	/* And check the crc32 again */
+	for (i = 0, crc = ~0; i < nr; i++)
+		crc = crc32_le(crc, bhs[i]->b_data, bhs[i]->b_size);
+	if (crc == check.bc_crc32e)
+		goto out;
+
+	mlog(ML_ERROR, "Fixed CRC32 failed: stored: %u, computed %u\n",
+	     (unsigned int)check.bc_crc32e, (unsigned int)crc);
+
+	rc = -EIO;
+
+out:
+	bc->bc_crc32e = cpu_to_le32(check.bc_crc32e);
+	bc->bc_ecc = cpu_to_le16(check.bc_ecc);
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+ * These are the main API.  They check the superblock flag before
+ * calling the underlying operations.
+ *
+ * They expect the buffer(s) to be in disk format.
+ */
+void ocfs2_compute_meta_ecc(struct super_block *sb, void *data,
+			    struct ocfs2_block_check *bc)
+{
+	if (ocfs2_meta_ecc(OCFS2_SB(sb)))
+		ocfs2_block_check_compute(data, sb->s_blocksize, bc);
+}
+
+int ocfs2_validate_meta_ecc(struct super_block *sb, void *data,
+			    struct ocfs2_block_check *bc)
+{
+	int rc = 0;
+
+	if (ocfs2_meta_ecc(OCFS2_SB(sb)))
+		rc = ocfs2_block_check_validate(data, sb->s_blocksize, bc);
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+void ocfs2_compute_meta_ecc_bhs(struct super_block *sb,
+				struct buffer_head **bhs, int nr,
+				struct ocfs2_block_check *bc)
+{
+	if (ocfs2_meta_ecc(OCFS2_SB(sb)))
+		ocfs2_block_check_compute_bhs(bhs, nr, bc);
+}
+
+int ocfs2_validate_meta_ecc_bhs(struct super_block *sb,
+				struct buffer_head **bhs, int nr,
+				struct ocfs2_block_check *bc)
+{
+	int rc = 0;
+
+	if (ocfs2_meta_ecc(OCFS2_SB(sb)))
+		rc = ocfs2_block_check_validate_bhs(bhs, nr, bc);
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
diff --git a/fs/ocfs2/blockcheck.h b/fs/ocfs2/blockcheck.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..70ec3feda32f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ocfs2/blockcheck.h
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/* -*- mode: c; c-basic-offset: 8; -*-
+ * vim: noexpandtab sw=8 ts=8 sts=0:
+ *
+ * blockcheck.h
+ *
+ * Checksum and ECC codes for the OCFS2 userspace library.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2004, 2008 Oracle.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
+ * License, version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * General Public License for more details.
+ */
+
+#ifndef OCFS2_BLOCKCHECK_H
+#define OCFS2_BLOCKCHECK_H
+
+
+/* High level block API */
+void ocfs2_compute_meta_ecc(struct super_block *sb, void *data,
+			    struct ocfs2_block_check *bc);
+int ocfs2_validate_meta_ecc(struct super_block *sb, void *data,
+			    struct ocfs2_block_check *bc);
+void ocfs2_compute_meta_ecc_bhs(struct super_block *sb,
+				struct buffer_head **bhs, int nr,
+				struct ocfs2_block_check *bc);
+int ocfs2_validate_meta_ecc_bhs(struct super_block *sb,
+				struct buffer_head **bhs, int nr,
+				struct ocfs2_block_check *bc);
+
+/* Lower level API */
+void ocfs2_block_check_compute(void *data, size_t blocksize,
+			       struct ocfs2_block_check *bc);
+int ocfs2_block_check_validate(void *data, size_t blocksize,
+			       struct ocfs2_block_check *bc);
+void ocfs2_block_check_compute_bhs(struct buffer_head **bhs, int nr,
+				   struct ocfs2_block_check *bc);
+int ocfs2_block_check_validate_bhs(struct buffer_head **bhs, int nr,
+				   struct ocfs2_block_check *bc);
+
+/*
+ * Hamming code functions
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Encoding hamming code parity bits for a buffer.
+ *
+ * This is the low level encoder function.  It can be called across
+ * multiple hunks just like the crc32 code.  'd' is the number of bits
+ * _in_this_hunk_.  nr is the bit offset of this hunk.  So, if you had
+ * two 512B buffers, you would do it like so:
+ *
+ * parity = ocfs2_hamming_encode(0, buf1, 512 * 8, 0);
+ * parity = ocfs2_hamming_encode(parity, buf2, 512 * 8, 512 * 8);
+ *
+ * If you just have one buffer, use ocfs2_hamming_encode_block().
+ */
+u32 ocfs2_hamming_encode(u32 parity, void *data, unsigned int d,
+			 unsigned int nr);
+/*
+ * Fix a buffer with a bit error.  The 'fix' is the original parity
+ * xor'd with the parity calculated now.
+ *
+ * Like ocfs2_hamming_encode(), this can handle hunks.  nr is the bit
+ * offset of the current hunk.  If bit to be fixed is not part of the
+ * current hunk, this does nothing.
+ *
+ * If you only have one buffer, use ocfs2_hamming_fix_block().
+ */
+void ocfs2_hamming_fix(void *data, unsigned int d, unsigned int nr,
+		       unsigned int fix);
+
+/* Convenience wrappers for a single buffer of data */
+extern u32 ocfs2_hamming_encode_block(void *data, unsigned int blocksize);
+extern void ocfs2_hamming_fix_block(void *data, unsigned int blocksize,
+				    unsigned int fix);
+#endif
diff --git a/fs/ocfs2/ocfs2.h b/fs/ocfs2/ocfs2.h
index 5c777988042f..2bb389fe7397 100644
--- a/fs/ocfs2/ocfs2.h
+++ b/fs/ocfs2/ocfs2.h
@@ -382,6 +382,13 @@ static inline int ocfs2_supports_xattr(struct ocfs2_super *osb)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static inline int ocfs2_meta_ecc(struct ocfs2_super *osb)
+{
+	if (osb->s_feature_incompat & OCFS2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_META_ECC)
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /* set / clear functions because cluster events can make these happen
  * in parallel so we want the transitions to be atomic. this also
  * means that any future flags osb_flags must be protected by spinlock
@@ -615,5 +622,6 @@ static inline s16 ocfs2_get_inode_steal_slot(struct ocfs2_super *osb)
 #define ocfs2_clear_bit ext2_clear_bit
 #define ocfs2_test_bit ext2_test_bit
 #define ocfs2_find_next_zero_bit ext2_find_next_zero_bit
+#define ocfs2_find_next_bit ext2_find_next_bit
 #endif  /* OCFS2_H */