License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

25 files changed, 25 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/fs/orangefs/Makefile b/fs/orangefs/Makefile
index a9d6a968fe6d..9b6c50bb173b 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/Makefile
+++ b/fs/orangefs/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #
 # Makefile for the ORANGEFS filesystem.
 #
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/acl.c b/fs/orangefs/acl.c
index 9108ef433e6d..c2d8233b1e82 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/acl.c
+++ b/fs/orangefs/acl.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * (C) 2001 Clemson University and The University of Chicago
  *
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/dcache.c b/fs/orangefs/dcache.c
index 5355efba4bc8..ae782df5c063 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/dcache.c
+++ b/fs/orangefs/dcache.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * (C) 2001 Clemson University and The University of Chicago
  *
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/devorangefs-req.c b/fs/orangefs/devorangefs-req.c
index 2826859bdc2c..ded456f17de6 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/devorangefs-req.c
+++ b/fs/orangefs/devorangefs-req.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * (C) 2001 Clemson University and The University of Chicago
  *
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/dir.c b/fs/orangefs/dir.c
index d327cbd17756..a8cc588d6224 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/dir.c
+++ b/fs/orangefs/dir.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright 2017 Omnibond Systems, L.L.C.
  */
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/downcall.h b/fs/orangefs/downcall.h
index 163001c95501..ea2332e16af9 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/downcall.h
+++ b/fs/orangefs/downcall.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * (C) 2001 Clemson University and The University of Chicago
  *
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/file.c b/fs/orangefs/file.c
index 336ecbf8c268..e4a8e6a7eb17 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/file.c
+++ b/fs/orangefs/file.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * (C) 2001 Clemson University and The University of Chicago
  *
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/inode.c b/fs/orangefs/inode.c
index 9428ea0aac16..28825a5b6d09 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/orangefs/inode.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * (C) 2001 Clemson University and The University of Chicago
  *
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/namei.c b/fs/orangefs/namei.c
index 478e88bd7f9d..7e9e5d0ea3bc 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/namei.c
+++ b/fs/orangefs/namei.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * (C) 2001 Clemson University and The University of Chicago
  *
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/orangefs-bufmap.c b/fs/orangefs/orangefs-bufmap.c
index 7ef473f3d642..59f444dced9b 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/orangefs-bufmap.c
+++ b/fs/orangefs/orangefs-bufmap.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * (C) 2001 Clemson University and The University of Chicago
  *
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/orangefs-bufmap.h b/fs/orangefs/orangefs-bufmap.h
index 71f64f4057b5..c2c3c5a0eeab 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/orangefs-bufmap.h
+++ b/fs/orangefs/orangefs-bufmap.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * (C) 2001 Clemson University and The University of Chicago
  *
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/orangefs-cache.c b/fs/orangefs/orangefs-cache.c
index aa3830b741c7..3b6982bf6bcf 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/orangefs-cache.c
+++ b/fs/orangefs/orangefs-cache.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * (C) 2001 Clemson University and The University of Chicago
  *
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/orangefs-debug.h b/fs/orangefs/orangefs-debug.h
index 387db17cde2b..b6001bb28f5a 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/orangefs-debug.h
+++ b/fs/orangefs/orangefs-debug.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * (C) 2001 Clemson University and The University of Chicago
  *
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/orangefs-debugfs.c b/fs/orangefs/orangefs-debugfs.c
index 5f59917fd631..1c59dff530de 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/orangefs-debugfs.c
+++ b/fs/orangefs/orangefs-debugfs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * What:		/sys/kernel/debug/orangefs/debug-help
  * Date:		June 2015
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/orangefs-debugfs.h b/fs/orangefs/orangefs-debugfs.h
index 803517269ba6..b5fd9cd4960f 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/orangefs-debugfs.h
+++ b/fs/orangefs/orangefs-debugfs.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 int orangefs_debugfs_init(int);
 void orangefs_debugfs_cleanup(void);
 int orangefs_client_debug_init(void);
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/orangefs-dev-proto.h b/fs/orangefs/orangefs-dev-proto.h
index efe08c763e56..dc6609824965 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/orangefs-dev-proto.h
+++ b/fs/orangefs/orangefs-dev-proto.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * (C) 2001 Clemson University and The University of Chicago
  *
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/orangefs-kernel.h b/fs/orangefs/orangefs-kernel.h
index ea0ce507a6ab..004af348fb80 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/orangefs-kernel.h
+++ b/fs/orangefs/orangefs-kernel.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * (C) 2001 Clemson University and The University of Chicago
  *
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/orangefs-sysfs.c b/fs/orangefs/orangefs-sysfs.c
index afd2f523b283..079a465796f3 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/orangefs-sysfs.c
+++ b/fs/orangefs/orangefs-sysfs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Documentation/ABI/stable/orangefs-sysfs:
  *
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/orangefs-utils.c b/fs/orangefs/orangefs-utils.c
index aab6f1842963..f82336496311 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/orangefs-utils.c
+++ b/fs/orangefs/orangefs-utils.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * (C) 2001 Clemson University and The University of Chicago
  *
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/protocol.h b/fs/orangefs/protocol.h
index 48bcc1bbe415..e0bf5e4dce0d 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/protocol.h
+++ b/fs/orangefs/protocol.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/spinlock_types.h>
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/super.c b/fs/orangefs/super.c
index 47f3fb9cbec4..47ebd9bfd1a1 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/super.c
+++ b/fs/orangefs/super.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * (C) 2001 Clemson University and The University of Chicago
  *
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/symlink.c b/fs/orangefs/symlink.c
index 02b1bbdbcc42..d856cdf91763 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/symlink.c
+++ b/fs/orangefs/symlink.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * (C) 2001 Clemson University and The University of Chicago
  *
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/upcall.h b/fs/orangefs/upcall.h
index b8249f8fdd80..16118452aa12 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/upcall.h
+++ b/fs/orangefs/upcall.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * (C) 2001 Clemson University and The University of Chicago
  *
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/waitqueue.c b/fs/orangefs/waitqueue.c
index 61e2ca7fec55..835c6e148afc 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/waitqueue.c
+++ b/fs/orangefs/waitqueue.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * (C) 2001 Clemson University and The University of Chicago
  * (C) 2011 Omnibond Systems
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/xattr.c b/fs/orangefs/xattr.c
index 81ac88bb91ff..03bcb871544d 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/xattr.c
+++ b/fs/orangefs/xattr.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * (C) 2001 Clemson University and The University of Chicago
  *