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authorLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2019-11-26 08:40:20 -0800
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2019-11-26 08:40:20 -0800
commit85fbf15bc9ac458f014fe70b38fa5773ee6aca9d (patch)
tree4fe817597e007ea0647ac4d9af84979cfba2f700 /Documentation
parentfd2615908dfd0586ea40692a99c44e34b7e869bc (diff)
parentb3c72fc9a78e74161f9d05ef7191706060628f8c (diff)
downloadlinux-85fbf15bc9ac458f014fe70b38fa5773ee6aca9d.tar.bz2
Merge branch 'x86-boot-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull x86 boot updates from Ingo Molnar: "The main changes were: - Extend the boot protocol to allow future extensions without hitting the setup_header size limit. - Add quirk to devicetree systems to disable the RTC unless it's listed as a supported device. - Fix ld.lld linker pedantry" * 'x86-boot-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86/boot: Introduce setup_indirect x86/boot: Introduce kernel_info.setup_type_max x86/boot: Introduce kernel_info x86/init: Allow DT configured systems to disable RTC at boot time x86/realmode: Explicitly set entry point via ENTRY in linker script
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
-rw-r--r--Documentation/x86/boot.rst174
1 files changed, 174 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/x86/boot.rst b/Documentation/x86/boot.rst
index 08a2f100c0e6..90bb8f5ab384 100644
--- a/Documentation/x86/boot.rst
+++ b/Documentation/x86/boot.rst
@@ -68,8 +68,25 @@ Protocol 2.12 (Kernel 3.8) Added the xloadflags field and extension fields
Protocol 2.13 (Kernel 3.14) Support 32- and 64-bit flags being set in
xloadflags to support booting a 64-bit kernel from 32-bit
EFI
+
+Protocol 2.14: BURNT BY INCORRECT COMMIT ae7e1238e68f2a472a125673ab506d49158c1889
+ (x86/boot: Add ACPI RSDP address to setup_header)
+ DO NOT USE!!! ASSUME SAME AS 2.13.
+
+Protocol 2.15: (Kernel 5.5) Added the kernel_info and kernel_info.setup_type_max.
============= ============================================================
+.. note::
+ The protocol version number should be changed only if the setup header
+ is changed. There is no need to update the version number if boot_params
+ or kernel_info are changed. Additionally, it is recommended to use
+ xloadflags (in this case the protocol version number should not be
+ updated either) or kernel_info to communicate supported Linux kernel
+ features to the boot loader. Due to very limited space available in
+ the original setup header every update to it should be considered
+ with great care. Starting from the protocol 2.15 the primary way to
+ communicate things to the boot loader is the kernel_info.
+
Memory Layout
=============
@@ -207,6 +224,7 @@ Offset/Size Proto Name Meaning
0258/8 2.10+ pref_address Preferred loading address
0260/4 2.10+ init_size Linear memory required during initialization
0264/4 2.11+ handover_offset Offset of handover entry point
+0268/4 2.15+ kernel_info_offset Offset of the kernel_info
=========== ======== ===================== ============================================
.. note::
@@ -809,6 +827,47 @@ Protocol: 2.09+
sure to consider the case where the linked list already contains
entries.
+ The setup_data is a bit awkward to use for extremely large data objects,
+ both because the setup_data header has to be adjacent to the data object
+ and because it has a 32-bit length field. However, it is important that
+ intermediate stages of the boot process have a way to identify which
+ chunks of memory are occupied by kernel data.
+
+ Thus setup_indirect struct and SETUP_INDIRECT type were introduced in
+ protocol 2.15.
+
+ struct setup_indirect {
+ __u32 type;
+ __u32 reserved; /* Reserved, must be set to zero. */
+ __u64 len;
+ __u64 addr;
+ };
+
+ The type member is a SETUP_INDIRECT | SETUP_* type. However, it cannot be
+ SETUP_INDIRECT itself since making the setup_indirect a tree structure
+ could require a lot of stack space in something that needs to parse it
+ and stack space can be limited in boot contexts.
+
+ Let's give an example how to point to SETUP_E820_EXT data using setup_indirect.
+ In this case setup_data and setup_indirect will look like this:
+
+ struct setup_data {
+ __u64 next = 0 or <addr_of_next_setup_data_struct>;
+ __u32 type = SETUP_INDIRECT;
+ __u32 len = sizeof(setup_data);
+ __u8 data[sizeof(setup_indirect)] = struct setup_indirect {
+ __u32 type = SETUP_INDIRECT | SETUP_E820_EXT;
+ __u32 reserved = 0;
+ __u64 len = <len_of_SETUP_E820_EXT_data>;
+ __u64 addr = <addr_of_SETUP_E820_EXT_data>;
+ }
+ }
+
+.. note::
+ SETUP_INDIRECT | SETUP_NONE objects cannot be properly distinguished
+ from SETUP_INDIRECT itself. So, this kind of objects cannot be provided
+ by the bootloaders.
+
============ ============
Field name: pref_address
Type: read (reloc)
@@ -855,6 +914,121 @@ Offset/size: 0x264/4
See EFI HANDOVER PROTOCOL below for more details.
+============ ==================
+Field name: kernel_info_offset
+Type: read
+Offset/size: 0x268/4
+Protocol: 2.15+
+============ ==================
+
+ This field is the offset from the beginning of the kernel image to the
+ kernel_info. The kernel_info structure is embedded in the Linux image
+ in the uncompressed protected mode region.
+
+
+The kernel_info
+===============
+
+The relationships between the headers are analogous to the various data
+sections:
+
+ setup_header = .data
+ boot_params/setup_data = .bss
+
+What is missing from the above list? That's right:
+
+ kernel_info = .rodata
+
+We have been (ab)using .data for things that could go into .rodata or .bss for
+a long time, for lack of alternatives and -- especially early on -- inertia.
+Also, the BIOS stub is responsible for creating boot_params, so it isn't
+available to a BIOS-based loader (setup_data is, though).
+
+setup_header is permanently limited to 144 bytes due to the reach of the
+2-byte jump field, which doubles as a length field for the structure, combined
+with the size of the "hole" in struct boot_params that a protected-mode loader
+or the BIOS stub has to copy it into. It is currently 119 bytes long, which
+leaves us with 25 very precious bytes. This isn't something that can be fixed
+without revising the boot protocol entirely, breaking backwards compatibility.
+
+boot_params proper is limited to 4096 bytes, but can be arbitrarily extended
+by adding setup_data entries. It cannot be used to communicate properties of
+the kernel image, because it is .bss and has no image-provided content.
+
+kernel_info solves this by providing an extensible place for information about
+the kernel image. It is readonly, because the kernel cannot rely on a
+bootloader copying its contents anywhere, but that is OK; if it becomes
+necessary it can still contain data items that an enabled bootloader would be
+expected to copy into a setup_data chunk.
+
+All kernel_info data should be part of this structure. Fixed size data have to
+be put before kernel_info_var_len_data label. Variable size data have to be put
+after kernel_info_var_len_data label. Each chunk of variable size data has to
+be prefixed with header/magic and its size, e.g.:
+
+ kernel_info:
+ .ascii "LToP" /* Header, Linux top (structure). */
+ .long kernel_info_var_len_data - kernel_info
+ .long kernel_info_end - kernel_info
+ .long 0x01234567 /* Some fixed size data for the bootloaders. */
+ kernel_info_var_len_data:
+ example_struct: /* Some variable size data for the bootloaders. */
+ .ascii "0123" /* Header/Magic. */
+ .long example_struct_end - example_struct
+ .ascii "Struct"
+ .long 0x89012345
+ example_struct_end:
+ example_strings: /* Some variable size data for the bootloaders. */
+ .ascii "ABCD" /* Header/Magic. */
+ .long example_strings_end - example_strings
+ .asciz "String_0"
+ .asciz "String_1"
+ example_strings_end:
+ kernel_info_end:
+
+This way the kernel_info is self-contained blob.
+
+.. note::
+ Each variable size data header/magic can be any 4-character string,
+ without \0 at the end of the string, which does not collide with
+ existing variable length data headers/magics.
+
+
+Details of the kernel_info Fields
+=================================
+
+============ ========
+Field name: header
+Offset/size: 0x0000/4
+============ ========
+
+ Contains the magic number "LToP" (0x506f544c).
+
+============ ========
+Field name: size
+Offset/size: 0x0004/4
+============ ========
+
+ This field contains the size of the kernel_info including kernel_info.header.
+ It does not count kernel_info.kernel_info_var_len_data size. This field should be
+ used by the bootloaders to detect supported fixed size fields in the kernel_info
+ and beginning of kernel_info.kernel_info_var_len_data.
+
+============ ========
+Field name: size_total
+Offset/size: 0x0008/4
+============ ========
+
+ This field contains the size of the kernel_info including kernel_info.header
+ and kernel_info.kernel_info_var_len_data.
+
+============ ==============
+Field name: setup_type_max
+Offset/size: 0x000c/4
+============ ==============
+
+ This field contains maximal allowed type for setup_data and setup_indirect structs.
+
The Image Checksum
==================