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authorMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>2019-06-27 15:39:22 -0300
committerMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>2019-07-15 11:03:02 -0300
commitbaa293e9544bea71361950d071579f0e4d5713ed (patch)
tree29e0400c806016783a3fd7a380be40a201956653 /Documentation/isa.txt
parent4f4cfa6c560c93ba180c30675cf845e1597de44c (diff)
downloadlinux-baa293e9544bea71361950d071579f0e4d5713ed.tar.bz2
docs: driver-api: add a series of orphaned documents
There are lots of documents under Documentation/*.txt and a few other orphan documents elsehwere that belong to the driver-API book. Move them to their right place. Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cohuck@redhat.com> # vfio-related parts Acked-by: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com> # switchtec Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
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-===========
-ISA Drivers
-===========
-
-The following text is adapted from the commit message of the initial
-commit of the ISA bus driver authored by Rene Herman.
-
-During the recent "isa drivers using platform devices" discussion it was
-pointed out that (ALSA) ISA drivers ran into the problem of not having
-the option to fail driver load (device registration rather) upon not
-finding their hardware due to a probe() error not being passed up
-through the driver model. In the course of that, I suggested a separate
-ISA bus might be best; Russell King agreed and suggested this bus could
-use the .match() method for the actual device discovery.
-
-The attached does this. For this old non (generically) discoverable ISA
-hardware only the driver itself can do discovery so as a difference with
-the platform_bus, this isa_bus also distributes match() up to the
-driver.
-
-As another difference: these devices only exist in the driver model due
-to the driver creating them because it might want to drive them, meaning
-that all device creation has been made internal as well.
-
-The usage model this provides is nice, and has been acked from the ALSA
-side by Takashi Iwai and Jaroslav Kysela. The ALSA driver module_init's
-now (for oldisa-only drivers) become::
-
- static int __init alsa_card_foo_init(void)
- {
- return isa_register_driver(&snd_foo_isa_driver, SNDRV_CARDS);
- }
-
- static void __exit alsa_card_foo_exit(void)
- {
- isa_unregister_driver(&snd_foo_isa_driver);
- }
-
-Quite like the other bus models therefore. This removes a lot of
-duplicated init code from the ALSA ISA drivers.
-
-The passed in isa_driver struct is the regular driver struct embedding a
-struct device_driver, the normal probe/remove/shutdown/suspend/resume
-callbacks, and as indicated that .match callback.
-
-The "SNDRV_CARDS" you see being passed in is a "unsigned int ndev"
-parameter, indicating how many devices to create and call our methods
-with.
-
-The platform_driver callbacks are called with a platform_device param;
-the isa_driver callbacks are being called with a ``struct device *dev,
-unsigned int id`` pair directly -- with the device creation completely
-internal to the bus it's much cleaner to not leak isa_dev's by passing
-them in at all. The id is the only thing we ever want other then the
-struct device anyways, and it makes for nicer code in the callbacks as
-well.
-
-With this additional .match() callback ISA drivers have all options. If
-ALSA would want to keep the old non-load behaviour, it could stick all
-of the old .probe in .match, which would only keep them registered after
-everything was found to be present and accounted for. If it wanted the
-behaviour of always loading as it inadvertently did for a bit after the
-changeover to platform devices, it could just not provide a .match() and
-do everything in .probe() as before.
-
-If it, as Takashi Iwai already suggested earlier as a way of following
-the model from saner buses more closely, wants to load when a later bind
-could conceivably succeed, it could use .match() for the prerequisites
-(such as checking the user wants the card enabled and that port/irq/dma
-values have been passed in) and .probe() for everything else. This is
-the nicest model.
-
-To the code...
-
-This exports only two functions; isa_{,un}register_driver().
-
-isa_register_driver() register's the struct device_driver, and then
-loops over the passed in ndev creating devices and registering them.
-This causes the bus match method to be called for them, which is::
-
- int isa_bus_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *driver)
- {
- struct isa_driver *isa_driver = to_isa_driver(driver);
-
- if (dev->platform_data == isa_driver) {
- if (!isa_driver->match ||
- isa_driver->match(dev, to_isa_dev(dev)->id))
- return 1;
- dev->platform_data = NULL;
- }
- return 0;
- }
-
-The first thing this does is check if this device is in fact one of this
-driver's devices by seeing if the device's platform_data pointer is set
-to this driver. Platform devices compare strings, but we don't need to
-do that with everything being internal, so isa_register_driver() abuses
-dev->platform_data as a isa_driver pointer which we can then check here.
-I believe platform_data is available for this, but if rather not, moving
-the isa_driver pointer to the private struct isa_dev is ofcourse fine as
-well.
-
-Then, if the the driver did not provide a .match, it matches. If it did,
-the driver match() method is called to determine a match.
-
-If it did **not** match, dev->platform_data is reset to indicate this to
-isa_register_driver which can then unregister the device again.
-
-If during all this, there's any error, or no devices matched at all
-everything is backed out again and the error, or -ENODEV, is returned.
-
-isa_unregister_driver() just unregisters the matched devices and the
-driver itself.
-
-module_isa_driver is a helper macro for ISA drivers which do not do
-anything special in module init/exit. This eliminates a lot of
-boilerplate code. Each module may only use this macro once, and calling
-it replaces module_init and module_exit.
-
-max_num_isa_dev is a macro to determine the maximum possible number of
-ISA devices which may be registered in the I/O port address space given
-the address extent of the ISA devices.