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authorMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>2019-06-27 14:56:51 -0300
committerMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>2019-07-15 11:03:02 -0300
commit4f4cfa6c560c93ba180c30675cf845e1597de44c (patch)
tree0bbe2ec9e6ef62ed2a347504dda50c6bdbe43703 /Documentation/cpu-load.txt
parentda82c92f1150f66afabf78d2c85ef9ac18dc6d38 (diff)
downloadlinux-4f4cfa6c560c93ba180c30675cf845e1597de44c.tar.bz2
docs: admin-guide: add a series of orphaned documents
There are lots of documents that belong to the admin-guide but are on random places (most under Documentation root dir). Move them to the admin guide. Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org> Acked-by: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com> Acked-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
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-========
-CPU load
-========
-
-Linux exports various bits of information via ``/proc/stat`` and
-``/proc/uptime`` that userland tools, such as top(1), use to calculate
-the average time system spent in a particular state, for example::
-
- $ iostat
- Linux 2.6.18.3-exp (linmac) 02/20/2007
-
- avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
- 10.01 0.00 2.92 5.44 0.00 81.63
-
- ...
-
-Here the system thinks that over the default sampling period the
-system spent 10.01% of the time doing work in user space, 2.92% in the
-kernel, and was overall 81.63% of the time idle.
-
-In most cases the ``/proc/stat`` information reflects the reality quite
-closely, however due to the nature of how/when the kernel collects
-this data sometimes it can not be trusted at all.
-
-So how is this information collected? Whenever timer interrupt is
-signalled the kernel looks what kind of task was running at this
-moment and increments the counter that corresponds to this tasks
-kind/state. The problem with this is that the system could have
-switched between various states multiple times between two timer
-interrupts yet the counter is incremented only for the last state.
-
-
-Example
--------
-
-If we imagine the system with one task that periodically burns cycles
-in the following manner::
-
- time line between two timer interrupts
- |--------------------------------------|
- ^ ^
- |_ something begins working |
- |_ something goes to sleep
- (only to be awaken quite soon)
-
-In the above situation the system will be 0% loaded according to the
-``/proc/stat`` (since the timer interrupt will always happen when the
-system is executing the idle handler), but in reality the load is
-closer to 99%.
-
-One can imagine many more situations where this behavior of the kernel
-will lead to quite erratic information inside ``/proc/stat``::
-
-
- /* gcc -o hog smallhog.c */
- #include <time.h>
- #include <limits.h>
- #include <signal.h>
- #include <sys/time.h>
- #define HIST 10
-
- static volatile sig_atomic_t stop;
-
- static void sighandler (int signr)
- {
- (void) signr;
- stop = 1;
- }
- static unsigned long hog (unsigned long niters)
- {
- stop = 0;
- while (!stop && --niters);
- return niters;
- }
- int main (void)
- {
- int i;
- struct itimerval it = { .it_interval = { .tv_sec = 0, .tv_usec = 1 },
- .it_value = { .tv_sec = 0, .tv_usec = 1 } };
- sigset_t set;
- unsigned long v[HIST];
- double tmp = 0.0;
- unsigned long n;
- signal (SIGALRM, &sighandler);
- setitimer (ITIMER_REAL, &it, NULL);
-
- hog (ULONG_MAX);
- for (i = 0; i < HIST; ++i) v[i] = ULONG_MAX - hog (ULONG_MAX);
- for (i = 0; i < HIST; ++i) tmp += v[i];
- tmp /= HIST;
- n = tmp - (tmp / 3.0);
-
- sigemptyset (&set);
- sigaddset (&set, SIGALRM);
-
- for (;;) {
- hog (n);
- sigwait (&set, &i);
- }
- return 0;
- }
-
-
-References
-----------
-
-- http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/2/12/6
-- Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt (1.8)
-
-
-Thanks
-------
-
-Con Kolivas, Pavel Machek