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authorDavid Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>2021-09-07 19:55:19 -0700
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2021-09-08 11:50:23 -0700
commit4b0970024408afb17886e0c76e9761c4264db2a8 (patch)
tree69f1e30915aae35c1ce38667862c4f1e92c018e9
parent35ba0cd5290b2f1f92e1f0eb6de7ce7979f79728 (diff)
downloadlinux-4b0970024408afb17886e0c76e9761c4264db2a8.tar.bz2
mm: track present early pages per zone
Patch series "mm/memory_hotplug: "auto-movable" online policy and memory groups", v3. I. Goal The goal of this series is improving in-kernel auto-online support. It tackles the fundamental problems that: 1) We can create zone imbalances when onlining all memory blindly to ZONE_MOVABLE, in the worst case crashing the system. We have to know upfront how much memory we are going to hotplug such that we can safely enable auto-onlining of all hotplugged memory to ZONE_MOVABLE via "online_movable". This is far from practical and only applicable in limited setups -- like inside VMs under the RHV/oVirt hypervisor which will never hotplug more than 3 times the boot memory (and the limitation is only in place due to the Linux limitation). 2) We see more setups that implement dynamic VM resizing, hot(un)plugging memory to resize VM memory. In these setups, we might hotplug a lot of memory, but it might happen in various small steps in both directions (e.g., 2 GiB -> 8 GiB -> 4 GiB -> 16 GiB ...). virtio-mem is the primary driver of this upstream right now, performing such dynamic resizing NUMA-aware via multiple virtio-mem devices. Onlining all hotplugged memory to ZONE_NORMAL means we basically have no hotunplug guarantees. Onlining all to ZONE_MOVABLE means we can easily run into zone imbalances when growing a VM. We want a mixture, and we want as much memory as reasonable/configured in ZONE_MOVABLE. Details regarding zone imbalances can be found at [1]. 3) Memory devices consist of 1..X memory block devices, however, the kernel doesn't really track the relationship. Consequently, also user space has no idea. We want to make per-device decisions. As one example, for memory hotunplug it doesn't make sense to use a mixture of zones within a single DIMM: we want all MOVABLE if possible, otherwise all !MOVABLE, because any !MOVABLE part will easily block the whole DIMM from getting hotunplugged. As another example, virtio-mem operates on individual units that span 1..X memory blocks. Similar to a DIMM, we want a unit to either be all MOVABLE or !MOVABLE. A "unit" can be thought of like a DIMM, however, all units of a virtio-mem device logically belong together and are managed (added/removed) by a single driver. We want as much memory of a virtio-mem device to be MOVABLE as possible. 4) We want memory onlining to be done right from the kernel while adding memory, not triggered by user space via udev rules; for example, this is reqired for fast memory hotplug for drivers that add individual memory blocks, like virito-mem. We want a way to configure a policy in the kernel and avoid implementing advanced policies in user space. The auto-onlining support we have in the kernel is not sufficient. All we have is a) online everything MOVABLE (online_movable) b) online everything !MOVABLE (online_kernel) c) keep zones contiguous (online). This series allows configuring c) to mean instead "online movable if possible according to the coniguration, driven by a maximum MOVABLE:KERNEL ratio" -- a new onlining policy. II. Approach This series does 3 things: 1) Introduces the "auto-movable" online policy that initially operates on individual memory blocks only. It uses a maximum MOVABLE:KERNEL ratio to make a decision whether a memory block will be onlined to ZONE_MOVABLE or not. However, in the basic form, hotplugged KERNEL memory does not allow for more MOVABLE memory (details in the patches). CMA memory is treated like MOVABLE memory. 2) Introduces static (e.g., DIMM) and dynamic (e.g., virtio-mem) memory groups and uses group information to make decisions in the "auto-movable" online policy across memory blocks of a single memory device (modeled as memory group). More details can be found in patch #3 or in the DIMM example below. 3) Maximizes ZONE_MOVABLE memory within dynamic memory groups, by allowing ZONE_NORMAL memory within a dynamic memory group to allow for more ZONE_MOVABLE memory within the same memory group. The target use case is dynamic VM resizing using virtio-mem. See the virtio-mem example below. I remember that the basic idea of using a ratio to implement a policy in the kernel was once mentioned by Vitaly Kuznetsov, but I might be wrong (I lost the pointer to that discussion). For me, the main use case is using it along with virtio-mem (and DIMMs / ppc64 dlpar where necessary) for dynamic resizing of VMs, increasing the amount of memory we can hotunplug reliably again if we might eventually hotplug a lot of memory to a VM. III. Target Usage The target usage will be: 1) Linux boots with "mhp_default_online_type=offline" 2) User space (e.g., systemd unit) configures memory onlining (according to a config file and system properties), for example: * Setting memory_hotplug.online_policy=auto-movable * Setting memory_hotplug.auto_movable_ratio=301 * Setting memory_hotplug.auto_movable_numa_aware=true 3) User space enabled auto onlining via "echo online > /sys/devices/system/memory/auto_online_blocks" 4) User space triggers manual onlining of all already-offline memory blocks (go over offline memory blocks and set them to "online") IV. Example For DIMMs, hotplugging 4 GiB DIMMs to a 4 GiB VM with a configured ratio of 301% results in the following layout: Memory block 0-15: DMA32 (early) Memory block 32-47: Normal (early) Memory block 48-79: Movable (DIMM 0) Memory block 80-111: Movable (DIMM 1) Memory block 112-143: Movable (DIMM 2) Memory block 144-275: Normal (DIMM 3) Memory block 176-207: Normal (DIMM 4) ... all Normal (-> hotplugged Normal memory does not allow for more Movable memory) For virtio-mem, using a simple, single virtio-mem device with a 4 GiB VM will result in the following layout: Memory block 0-15: DMA32 (early) Memory block 32-47: Normal (early) Memory block 48-143: Movable (virtio-mem, first 12 GiB) Memory block 144: Normal (virtio-mem, next 128 MiB) Memory block 145-147: Movable (virtio-mem, next 384 MiB) Memory block 148: Normal (virtio-mem, next 128 MiB) Memory block 149-151: Movable (virtio-mem, next 384 MiB) ... Normal/Movable mixture as above (-> hotplugged Normal memory allows for more Movable memory within the same device) Which gives us maximum flexibility when dynamically growing/shrinking a VM in smaller steps. V. Doc Update I'll update the memory-hotplug.rst documentation, once the overhaul [1] is usptream. Until then, details can be found in patch #2. VI. Future Work 1) Use memory groups for ppc64 dlpar 2) Being able to specify a portion of (early) kernel memory that will be excluded from the ratio. Like "128 MiB globally/per node" are excluded. This might be helpful when starting VMs with extremely small memory footprint (e.g., 128 MiB) and hotplugging memory later -- not wanting the first hotplugged units getting onlined to ZONE_MOVABLE. One alternative would be a trigger to not consider ZONE_DMA memory in the ratio. We'll have to see if this is really rrequired. 3) Indicate to user space that MOVABLE might be a bad idea -- especially relevant when memory ballooning without support for balloon compaction is active. This patch (of 9): For implementing a new memory onlining policy, which determines when to online memory blocks to ZONE_MOVABLE semi-automatically, we need the number of present early (boot) pages -- present pages excluding hotplugged pages. Let's track these pages per zone. Pass a page instead of the zone to adjust_present_page_count(), similar as adjust_managed_page_count() and derive the zone from the page. It's worth noting that a memory block to be offlined/onlined is either completely "early" or "not early". add_memory() and friends can only add complete memory blocks and we only online/offline complete (individual) memory blocks. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210806124715.17090-1-david@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210806124715.17090-2-david@redhat.com Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com> Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com> Cc: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com> Cc: Marek Kedzierski <mkedzier@redhat.com> Cc: Hui Zhu <teawater@gmail.com> Cc: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta.linux@gmail.com> Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@rjwysocki.net> Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org> Cc: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
-rw-r--r--drivers/base/memory.c14
-rw-r--r--include/linux/memory_hotplug.h2
-rw-r--r--include/linux/mmzone.h7
-rw-r--r--mm/memory_hotplug.c14
-rw-r--r--mm/page_alloc.c3
5 files changed, 29 insertions, 11 deletions
diff --git a/drivers/base/memory.c b/drivers/base/memory.c
index aa31a21f33d7..86ec2dc82fc2 100644
--- a/drivers/base/memory.c
+++ b/drivers/base/memory.c
@@ -205,7 +205,8 @@ static int memory_block_online(struct memory_block *mem)
* now already properly populated.
*/
if (nr_vmemmap_pages)
- adjust_present_page_count(zone, nr_vmemmap_pages);
+ adjust_present_page_count(pfn_to_page(start_pfn),
+ nr_vmemmap_pages);
return ret;
}
@@ -215,24 +216,23 @@ static int memory_block_offline(struct memory_block *mem)
unsigned long start_pfn = section_nr_to_pfn(mem->start_section_nr);
unsigned long nr_pages = PAGES_PER_SECTION * sections_per_block;
unsigned long nr_vmemmap_pages = mem->nr_vmemmap_pages;
- struct zone *zone;
int ret;
/*
* Unaccount before offlining, such that unpopulated zone and kthreads
* can properly be torn down in offline_pages().
*/
- if (nr_vmemmap_pages) {
- zone = page_zone(pfn_to_page(start_pfn));
- adjust_present_page_count(zone, -nr_vmemmap_pages);
- }
+ if (nr_vmemmap_pages)
+ adjust_present_page_count(pfn_to_page(start_pfn),
+ -nr_vmemmap_pages);
ret = offline_pages(start_pfn + nr_vmemmap_pages,
nr_pages - nr_vmemmap_pages);
if (ret) {
/* offline_pages() failed. Account back. */
if (nr_vmemmap_pages)
- adjust_present_page_count(zone, nr_vmemmap_pages);
+ adjust_present_page_count(pfn_to_page(start_pfn),
+ nr_vmemmap_pages);
return ret;
}
diff --git a/include/linux/memory_hotplug.h b/include/linux/memory_hotplug.h
index 068e3dcf4690..39b04e99a30e 100644
--- a/include/linux/memory_hotplug.h
+++ b/include/linux/memory_hotplug.h
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ static inline void zone_seqlock_init(struct zone *zone)
extern int zone_grow_free_lists(struct zone *zone, unsigned long new_nr_pages);
extern int zone_grow_waitqueues(struct zone *zone, unsigned long nr_pages);
extern int add_one_highpage(struct page *page, int pfn, int bad_ppro);
-extern void adjust_present_page_count(struct zone *zone, long nr_pages);
+extern void adjust_present_page_count(struct page *page, long nr_pages);
/* VM interface that may be used by firmware interface */
extern int mhp_init_memmap_on_memory(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long nr_pages,
struct zone *zone);
diff --git a/include/linux/mmzone.h b/include/linux/mmzone.h
index ee3a86830519..1c0e3bf42521 100644
--- a/include/linux/mmzone.h
+++ b/include/linux/mmzone.h
@@ -540,6 +540,10 @@ struct zone {
* is calculated as:
* present_pages = spanned_pages - absent_pages(pages in holes);
*
+ * present_early_pages is present pages existing within the zone
+ * located on memory available since early boot, excluding hotplugged
+ * memory.
+ *
* managed_pages is present pages managed by the buddy system, which
* is calculated as (reserved_pages includes pages allocated by the
* bootmem allocator):
@@ -572,6 +576,9 @@ struct zone {
atomic_long_t managed_pages;
unsigned long spanned_pages;
unsigned long present_pages;
+#if defined(CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG)
+ unsigned long present_early_pages;
+#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CMA
unsigned long cma_pages;
#endif
diff --git a/mm/memory_hotplug.c b/mm/memory_hotplug.c
index 6ea62efe2a8f..8a99fa6d096c 100644
--- a/mm/memory_hotplug.c
+++ b/mm/memory_hotplug.c
@@ -724,8 +724,16 @@ struct zone *zone_for_pfn_range(int online_type, int nid,
* This function should only be called by memory_block_{online,offline},
* and {online,offline}_pages.
*/
-void adjust_present_page_count(struct zone *zone, long nr_pages)
+void adjust_present_page_count(struct page *page, long nr_pages)
{
+ struct zone *zone = page_zone(page);
+
+ /*
+ * We only support onlining/offlining/adding/removing of complete
+ * memory blocks; therefore, either all is either early or hotplugged.
+ */
+ if (early_section(__pfn_to_section(page_to_pfn(page))))
+ zone->present_early_pages += nr_pages;
zone->present_pages += nr_pages;
zone->zone_pgdat->node_present_pages += nr_pages;
}
@@ -826,7 +834,7 @@ int __ref online_pages(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long nr_pages, struct zone *z
}
online_pages_range(pfn, nr_pages);
- adjust_present_page_count(zone, nr_pages);
+ adjust_present_page_count(pfn_to_page(pfn), nr_pages);
node_states_set_node(nid, &arg);
if (need_zonelists_rebuild)
@@ -1697,7 +1705,7 @@ int __ref offline_pages(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long nr_pages)
/* removal success */
adjust_managed_page_count(pfn_to_page(start_pfn), -nr_pages);
- adjust_present_page_count(zone, -nr_pages);
+ adjust_present_page_count(pfn_to_page(start_pfn), -nr_pages);
/* reinitialise watermarks and update pcp limits */
init_per_zone_wmark_min();
diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index 79a2fc5b6c6f..9353418892a7 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -7240,6 +7240,9 @@ static void __init calculate_node_totalpages(struct pglist_data *pgdat,
zone->zone_start_pfn = 0;
zone->spanned_pages = size;
zone->present_pages = real_size;
+#if defined(CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG)
+ zone->present_early_pages = real_size;
+#endif
totalpages += size;
realtotalpages += real_size;