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2022-12-09crypto: acomp - define max size for destinationGiovanni Cabiddu1-0/+1
The acomp API allows to send requests with a NULL destination buffer. In this case, the algorithm implementation needs to allocate the destination scatter list, perform the operation and return the buffer to the user. For decompression, data is likely to expand and be bigger than the allocated buffer. Define the maximum size (128KB) that acomp implementations will allocate for decompression operations as destination buffer when they receive a request with a NULL destination buffer. Suggested-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Giovanni Cabiddu <giovanni.cabiddu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-12-05crypto: api - Use linux/cache.h instead of asm/cache.hHerbert Xu1-1/+1
Directly including asm/cache.h leads to build failures on powerpc so replace it with linux/cache.h instead. Fixes: e634ac4a8aaa ("crypto: api - Add crypto_tfm_ctx_dma") Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-12-02crypto: kpp - Add ctx helpers with DMA alignmentHerbert Xu1-1/+23
This patch adds helpers to access the kpp context structure and request context structure with an added alignment for DMA access. Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-12-02crypto: akcipher - Add ctx helpers with DMA alignmentHerbert Xu1-1/+23
This patch adds helpers to access the akcipher context structure and request context structure with an added alignment for DMA access. Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-12-02crypto: api - Increase MAX_ALGAPI_ALIGNMASK to 127Herbert Xu1-1/+1
Previously we limited the maximum alignment mask to 63. This is mostly due to stack usage for shash. This patch introduces a separate limit for shash algorithms and increases the general limit to 127 which is the value that we need for DMA allocations on arm64. Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-12-02crypto: skcipher - Add ctx helpers with DMA alignmentHerbert Xu1-0/+22
This patch adds helpers to access the skcipher context structure and request context structure with an added alignment for DMA access. Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-12-02crypto: hash - Add ctx helpers with DMA alignmentHerbert Xu1-0/+22
This patch adds helpers to access the ahash context structure and request context structure with an added alignment for DMA access. Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-12-02crypto: aead - Add ctx helpers with DMA alignmentHerbert Xu1-0/+22
This patch adds helpers to access the aead context structure and request context structure with an added alignment for DMA access. Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-12-02crypto: api - Add crypto_tfm_ctx_dmaHerbert Xu1-2/+39
This patch adds the helpers crypto_tfm_ctx_aligned and crypto_tfm_ctx_dma. The first aligns the tfm context to the value cra_alignmask. The second sets the alignment according to dma_cache_get_alignment(); This patch also moves crypto_tfm_ctx into algapi.h. Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-12-02crypto: Prepare to move crypto_tfm_ctxHerbert Xu3-2/+5
The helper crypto_tfm_ctx is only used by the Crypto API algorithm code and should really be in algapi.h. However, for historical reasons many files relied on it to be in crypto.h. This patch changes those files to use algapi.h instead in prepartion for a move. Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-12-02crypto: kpp - Move reqsize into tfmHerbert Xu2-5/+6
The value of reqsize cannot be determined in case of fallbacks. Therefore it must be stored in the tfm and not the alg object. Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-12-02crypto: akcipher - Move reqsize into tfmHerbert Xu2-4/+5
The value of reqsize cannot be determined in case of fallbacks. Therefore it must be stored in the tfm and not the alg object. Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-12-02crypto: kpp - Add helper to set reqsizeHerbert Xu1-0/+6
The value of reqsize should only be changed through a helper. To do so we need to first add a helper for this. Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-11-25Revert "crypto: shash - avoid comparing pointers to exported functions under ↵Eric Biggers1-1/+7
CFI" This reverts commit 22ca9f4aaf431a9413dcc115dd590123307f274f because CFI no longer breaks cross-module function address equality, so crypto_shash_alg_has_setkey() can now be an inline function like before. This commit should not be backported to kernels that don't have the new CFI implementation. Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Reviewed-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com> Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-11-18crypto: skcipher - Allow sync algorithms with large request contextsHerbert Xu1-0/+8
Some sync algorithms may require a large amount of temporary space during its operations. There is no reason why they should be limited just because some legacy users want to place all temporary data on the stack. Such algorithms can now set a flag to indicate that they need extra request context, which will cause them to be invisible to users that go through the sync_skcipher interface. Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-11-11crypto: lib/aesgcm - Provide minimal library implementationArd Biesheuvel1-0/+22
Implement a minimal library version of AES-GCM based on the existing library implementations of AES and multiplication in GF(2^128). Using these primitives, GCM can be implemented in a straight-forward manner. GCM has a couple of sharp edges, i.e., the amount of input data processed with the same initialization vector (IV) should be capped to protect the counter from 32-bit rollover (or carry), and the size of the authentication tag should be fixed for a given key. [0] The former concern is addressed trivially, given that the function call API uses 32-bit signed types for the input lengths. It is still up to the caller to avoid IV reuse in general, but this is not something we can police at the implementation level. As for the latter concern, let's make the authentication tag size part of the key schedule, and only permit it to be configured as part of the key expansion routine. Note that table based AES implementations are susceptible to known plaintext timing attacks on the encryption key. The AES library already attempts to mitigate this to some extent, but given that the counter mode encryption used by GCM operates exclusively on known plaintext by construction (the IV and therefore the initial counter value are known to an attacker), let's take some extra care to mitigate this, by calling the AES library with interrupts disabled. [0] https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/legacy/sp/nistspecialpublication800-38d.pdf Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/c6fb9b25-a4b6-2e4a-2dd1-63adda055a49@amd.com/ Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Tested-by: Nikunj A Dadhania <nikunj@amd.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-10-21crypto: scatterwalk - remove duplicate function declarationsTianjia Zhang1-1/+0
scatterwalk_map() is an inline function already defined in the header file, it is necessary to delete the re-declaration at the same location, which was left out in the header file by an earlier modification. Signed-off-by: Tianjia Zhang <tianjia.zhang@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-09-30crypto: scatterwalk - Remove unused inline function scatterwalk_aligned()Gaosheng Cui1-6/+0
The scatterwalk_aligned() are no longer used since removing blkcipher and ablkcipher support, all use of it has been removed since commit d63007eb954e ("crypto: ablkcipher - remove deprecated and unused ablkcipher support"), so remove it. Signed-off-by: Gaosheng Cui <cuigaosheng1@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-09-30crypto: aead - Remove unused inline functions from aeadGaosheng Cui1-25/+0
The aead_enqueue_request, aead_dequeue_request and aead_get_backlog are no longer used since commit 04a4616e6a21 ("crypto: omap-aes-gcm - convert to use crypto engine"), their functinoality has been replaced by crypto engine, so remove them. Signed-off-by: Gaosheng Cui <cuigaosheng1@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-09-24crypto: aria - prepare generic module for optimized implementationsTaehee Yoo1-10/+7
It renames aria to aria_generic and exports some functions such as aria_set_key(), aria_encrypt(), and aria_decrypt() to be able to be used by aria-avx implementation. Signed-off-by: Taehee Yoo <ap420073@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-08-04Merge tag 'for-5.20/block-2022-08-04' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-blockLinus Torvalds2-0/+4
Pull block driver updates from Jens Axboe: - NVMe pull requests via Christoph: - add support for In-Band authentication (Hannes Reinecke) - handle the persistent internal error AER (Michael Kelley) - use in-capsule data for TCP I/O queue connect (Caleb Sander) - remove timeout for getting RDMA-CM established event (Israel Rukshin) - misc cleanups (Joel Granados, Sagi Grimberg, Chaitanya Kulkarni, Guixin Liu, Xiang wangx) - use command_id instead of req->tag in trace_nvme_complete_rq() (Bean Huo) - various fixes for the new authentication code (Lukas Bulwahn, Dan Carpenter, Colin Ian King, Chaitanya Kulkarni, Hannes Reinecke) - small cleanups (Liu Song, Christoph Hellwig) - restore compat_ioctl support (Nick Bowler) - make a nvmet-tcp workqueue lockdep-safe (Sagi Grimberg) - enable generic interface (/dev/ngXnY) for unknown command sets (Joel Granados, Christoph Hellwig) - don't always build constants.o (Christoph Hellwig) - print the command name of aborted commands (Christoph Hellwig) - MD pull requests via Song: - Improve raid5 lock contention, by Logan Gunthorpe. - Misc fixes to raid5, by Logan Gunthorpe. - Fix race condition with md_reap_sync_thread(), by Guoqing Jiang. - Fix potential deadlock with raid5_quiesce and raid5_get_active_stripe, by Logan Gunthorpe. - Refactoring md_alloc(), by Christoph" - Fix md disk_name lifetime problems, by Christoph Hellwig - Convert prepare_to_wait() to wait_woken() api, by Logan Gunthorpe; - Fix sectors_to_do bitmap issue, by Logan Gunthorpe. - Work on unifying the null_blk module parameters and configfs API (Vincent) - drbd bitmap IO error fix (Lars) - Set of rnbd fixes (Guoqing, Md Haris) - Remove experimental marker on bcache async device registration (Coly) - Series from cleaning up the bio splitting (Christoph) - Removal of the sx8 block driver. This hardware never really widespread, and it didn't receive a lot of attention after the initial merge of it back in 2005 (Christoph) - A few fixes for s390 dasd (Eric, Jiang) - Followup set of fixes for ublk (Ming) - Support for UBLK_IO_NEED_GET_DATA for ublk (ZiyangZhang) - Fixes for the dio dma alignment (Keith) - Misc fixes and cleanups (Ming, Yu, Dan, Christophe * tag 'for-5.20/block-2022-08-04' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (136 commits) s390/dasd: Establish DMA alignment s390/dasd: drop unexpected word 'for' in comments ublk_drv: add support for UBLK_IO_NEED_GET_DATA ublk_cmd.h: add one new ublk command: UBLK_IO_NEED_GET_DATA ublk_drv: cleanup ublksrv_ctrl_dev_info ublk_drv: add SET_PARAMS/GET_PARAMS control command ublk_drv: fix ublk device leak in case that add_disk fails ublk_drv: cancel device even though disk isn't up block: fix leaking page ref on truncated direct io block: ensure bio_iov_add_page can't fail block: ensure iov_iter advances for added pages drivers:md:fix a potential use-after-free bug md/raid5: Ensure batch_last is released before sleeping for quiesce md/raid5: Move stripe_request_ctx up md/raid5: Drop unnecessary call to r5c_check_stripe_cache_usage() md/raid5: Make is_inactive_blocked() helper md/raid5: Refactor raid5_get_active_stripe() block: pass struct queue_limits to the bio splitting helpers block: move bio_allowed_max_sectors to blk-merge.c block: move the call to get_max_io_size out of blk_bio_segment_split ...
2022-08-02crypto: add crypto_has_kpp()Hannes Reinecke1-0/+2
Add helper function to determine if a given key-agreement protocol primitive is supported. Signed-off-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me> Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Himanshu Madhani <himanshu.madhani@oracle.com> Acked-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2022-08-02crypto: add crypto_has_shash()Hannes Reinecke1-0/+2
Add helper function to determine if a given synchronous hash is supported. Signed-off-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me> Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Himanshu Madhani <himanshu.madhani@oracle.com> Acked-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2022-07-15crypto: aria - Implement ARIA symmetric cipher algorithmTaehee Yoo1-0/+461
ARIA(RFC 5794) is a symmetric block cipher algorithm. This algorithm is being used widely in South Korea as a standard cipher algorithm. This code is written based on the ARIA implementation of OpenSSL. The OpenSSL code is based on the distributed source code[1] by KISA. ARIA has three key sizes and corresponding rounds. ARIA128: 12 rounds. ARIA192: 14 rounds. ARIA245: 16 rounds. [1] https://seed.kisa.or.kr/kisa/Board/19/detailView.do (Korean) Signed-off-by: Taehee Yoo <ap420073@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-06-10crypto: blake2s - remove shash moduleJason A. Donenfeld1-108/+0
BLAKE2s has no currently known use as an shash. Just remove all of this unnecessary plumbing. Removing this shash was something we talked about back when we were making BLAKE2s a built-in, but I simply never got around to doing it. So this completes that project. Importantly, this fixs a bug in which the lib code depends on crypto_simd_disabled_for_test, causing linker errors. Also add more alignment tests to the selftests and compare SIMD and non-SIMD compression functions, to make up for what we lose from testmgr.c. Reported-by: gaochao <gaochao49@huawei.com> Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org> Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: 6048fdcc5f26 ("lib/crypto: blake2s: include as built-in") Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-06-10crypto: x86/polyval - Add PCLMULQDQ accelerated implementation of POLYVALNathan Huckleberry1-0/+5
Add hardware accelerated version of POLYVAL for x86-64 CPUs with PCLMULQDQ support. This implementation is accelerated using PCLMULQDQ instructions to perform the finite field computations. For added efficiency, 8 blocks of the message are processed simultaneously by precomputing the first 8 powers of the key. Schoolbook multiplication is used instead of Karatsuba multiplication because it was found to be slightly faster on x86-64 machines. Montgomery reduction must be used instead of Barrett reduction due to the difference in modulus between POLYVAL's field and other finite fields. More information on POLYVAL can be found in the HCTR2 paper: "Length-preserving encryption with HCTR2": https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/1441.pdf Signed-off-by: Nathan Huckleberry <nhuck@google.com> Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-06-10crypto: polyval - Add POLYVAL supportNathan Huckleberry1-0/+17
Add support for POLYVAL, an ε-Δ-universal hash function similar to GHASH. This patch only uses POLYVAL as a component to implement HCTR2 mode. It should be noted that POLYVAL was originally specified for use in AES-GCM-SIV (RFC 8452), but the kernel does not currently support this mode. POLYVAL is implemented as an shash algorithm. The implementation is modified from ghash-generic.c. For more information on POLYVAL see: Length-preserving encryption with HCTR2: https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/1441.pdf AES-GCM-SIV: Nonce Misuse-Resistant Authenticated Encryption: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8452 Signed-off-by: Nathan Huckleberry <nhuck@google.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-04-08crypto: sm4 - export sm4 constant arraysTianjia Zhang1-0/+4
Export the constant arrays fk, ck, sbox of the SM4 algorithm, and add the 'crypto_sm4_' prefix, where sbox is used in the SM4 NEON implementation for the tbl/tbx instruction to replace the S-BOX, and the fk, ck arrays are used in the SM4 CE implementation. Use the sm4ekey instruction to speed up key expansion operations. Signed-off-by: Tianjia Zhang <tianjia.zhang@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-03-21Merge branch 'linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds4-15/+213
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/herbert/crypto-2.6 Pull crypto updates from Herbert Xu: "API: - hwrng core now credits for low-quality RNG devices. Algorithms: - Optimisations for neon aes on arm/arm64. - Add accelerated crc32_be on arm64. - Add ffdheXYZ(dh) templates. - Disallow hmac keys < 112 bits in FIPS mode. - Add AVX assembly implementation for sm3 on x86. Drivers: - Add missing local_bh_disable calls for crypto_engine callback. - Ensure BH is disabled in crypto_engine callback path. - Fix zero length DMA mappings in ccree. - Add synchronization between mailbox accesses in octeontx2. - Add Xilinx SHA3 driver. - Add support for the TDES IP available on sama7g5 SoC in atmel" * 'linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/herbert/crypto-2.6: (137 commits) crypto: xilinx - Turn SHA into a tristate and allow COMPILE_TEST MAINTAINERS: update HPRE/SEC2/TRNG driver maintainers list crypto: dh - Remove the unused function dh_safe_prime_dh_alg() hwrng: nomadik - Change clk_disable to clk_disable_unprepare crypto: arm64 - cleanup comments crypto: qat - fix initialization of pfvf rts_map_msg structures crypto: qat - fix initialization of pfvf cap_msg structures crypto: qat - remove unneeded assignment crypto: qat - disable registration of algorithms crypto: hisilicon/qm - fix memset during queues clearing crypto: xilinx: prevent probing on non-xilinx hardware crypto: marvell/octeontx - Use swap() instead of open coding it crypto: ccree - Fix use after free in cc_cipher_exit() crypto: ccp - ccp_dmaengine_unregister release dma channels crypto: octeontx2 - fix missing unlock hwrng: cavium - fix NULL but dereferenced coccicheck error crypto: cavium/nitrox - don't cast parameter in bit operations crypto: vmx - add missing dependencies MAINTAINERS: Add maintainer for Xilinx ZynqMP SHA3 driver crypto: xilinx - Add Xilinx SHA3 driver ...
2022-03-08KEYS: remove support for asym_tpm keysEric Biggers1-19/+0
asym_tpm keys are tied to TPM v1.2, which uses outdated crypto and has been deprecated in favor of TPM v2.0 for over 7 years. A very quick look at this code also immediately found some memory safety bugs (https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220113235440.90439-2-ebiggers@kernel.org). Note that this code is reachable by unprivileged users. According to Jarkko (one of the keyrings subsystem maintainers), this code has no practical use cases, and he isn't willing to maintain it (https://lore.kernel.org/r/YfFZPbKkgYJGWu1Q@iki.fi). Therefore, let's remove it. Note that this feature didn't have any documentation or tests, so we don't need to worry about removing those. Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Denis Kenzior <denkenz@gmail.com> Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org> Cc: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org> Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Reviewed-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org> Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org>
2022-03-03crypto: crypto_xor - use helpers for unaligned accessesArd Biesheuvel1-2/+8
Dereferencing a misaligned pointer is undefined behavior in C, and may result in codegen on architectures such as ARM that trigger alignments traps and expensive fixups in software. Instead, use the get_aligned()/put_aligned() accessors, which are cheap or even completely free when CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS=y. In the converse case, the prior alignment checks ensure that the casts are safe, and so no unaligned accessors are necessary. Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-03-03crypto: dh - split out deserialization code from crypto_dh_decode()Nicolai Stange1-0/+16
A subsequent commit will introduce "dh" wrapping templates of the form "ffdhe2048(dh)", "ffdhe3072(dh)" and so on in order to provide built-in support for the well-known safe-prime ffdhe group parameters specified in RFC 7919. Those templates' ->set_secret() will wrap the inner "dh" implementation's ->set_secret() and set the ->p and ->g group parameters as appropriate on the way inwards. More specifically, - A ffdheXYZ(dh) user would call crypto_dh_encode() on a struct dh instance having ->p == ->g == NULL as well as ->p_size == ->g_size == 0 and pass the resulting buffer to the outer ->set_secret(). - This outer ->set_secret() would then decode the struct dh via crypto_dh_decode_key(), set ->p, ->g, ->p_size as well as ->g_size as appropriate for the group in question and encode the struct dh again before passing it further down to the inner "dh"'s ->set_secret(). The problem is that crypto_dh_decode_key() implements some basic checks which would reject parameter sets with ->p_size == 0 and thus, the ffdheXYZ templates' ->set_secret() cannot use it as-is for decoding the passed buffer. As the inner "dh"'s ->set_secret() will eventually conduct said checks on the final parameter set anyway, the outer ->set_secret() really only needs the decoding functionality. Split out the pure struct dh decoding part from crypto_dh_decode_key() into the new __crypto_dh_decode_key(). __crypto_dh_decode_key() gets defined in crypto/dh_helper.c, but will have to get called from crypto/dh.c and thus, its declaration must be somehow made available to the latter. Strictly speaking, __crypto_dh_decode_key() is internal to the dh_generic module, yet it would be a bit over the top to introduce a new header like e.g. include/crypto/internal/dh.h containing just a single prototype. Add the __crypto_dh_decode_key() declaration to include/crypto/dh.h instead. Provide a proper kernel-doc annotation, even though __crypto_dh_decode_key() is purposedly not on the function list specified in Documentation/crypto/api-kpp.rst. Signed-off-by: Nicolai Stange <nstange@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-03-03crypto: dh - constify struct dh's pointer membersNicolai Stange1-3/+3
struct dh contains several pointer members corresponding to DH parameters: ->key, ->p and ->g. A subsequent commit will introduce "dh" wrapping templates of the form "ffdhe2048(dh)", "ffdhe3072(dh)" and so on in order to provide built-in support for the well-known safe-prime ffdhe group parameters specified in RFC 7919. These templates will need to set the group parameter related members of the (serialized) struct dh instance passed to the inner "dh" kpp_alg instance, i.e. ->p and ->g, to some constant, static storage arrays. Turn the struct dh pointer members' types into "pointer to const" in preparation for this. Signed-off-by: Nicolai Stange <nstange@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-03-03crypto: dh - remove struct dh's ->q memberNicolai Stange1-4/+0
The only current user of the DH KPP algorithm, the keyctl(KEYCTL_DH_COMPUTE) syscall, doesn't set the domain parameter ->q in struct dh. Remove it and any associated (de)serialization code in crypto_dh_encode_key() and crypto_dh_decode_key. Adjust the encoded ->secret values in testmgr's DH test vectors accordingly. Note that the dh-generic implementation would have initialized its struct dh_ctx's ->q from the decoded struct dh's ->q, if present. If this struct dh_ctx's ->q would ever have been non-NULL, it would have enabled a full key validation as specified in NIST SP800-56A in dh_is_pubkey_valid(). However, as outlined above, ->q is always NULL in practice and the full key validation code is effectively dead. A later patch will make dh_is_pubkey_valid() to calculate Q from P on the fly, if possible, so don't remove struct dh_ctx's ->q now, but leave it there until that has happened. Signed-off-by: Nicolai Stange <nstange@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-03-03crypto: kpp - provide support for KPP spawnsNicolai Stange1-0/+75
The upcoming support for the RFC 7919 ffdhe group parameters will be made available in the form of templates like "ffdhe2048(dh)", "ffdhe3072(dh)" and so on. Template instantiations thereof would wrap the inner "dh" kpp_alg and also provide kpp_alg services to the outside again. The primitves needed for providing kpp_alg services from template instances have been introduced with the previous patch. Continue this work now and implement everything needed for enabling template instances to make use of inner KPP algorithms like "dh". More specifically, define a struct crypto_kpp_spawn in close analogy to crypto_skcipher_spawn, crypto_shash_spawn and alike. Implement a crypto_grab_kpp() and crypto_drop_kpp() pair for binding such a spawn to some inner kpp_alg and for releasing it respectively. Template implementations can instantiate transforms from the underlying kpp_alg by means of the new crypto_spawn_kpp(). Finally, provide the crypto_spawn_kpp_alg() helper for accessing a spawn's underlying kpp_alg during template instantiation. Annotate everything with proper kernel-doc comments, even though include/crypto/internal/kpp.h is not considered for the generated docs. Signed-off-by: Nicolai Stange <nstange@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-03-03crypto: kpp - provide support for KPP template instancesNicolai Stange1-0/+83
The upcoming support for the RFC 7919 ffdhe group parameters will be made available in the form of templates like "ffdhe2048(dh)", "ffdhe3072(dh)" and so on. Template instantiations thereof would wrap the inner "dh" kpp_alg and also provide kpp_alg services to the outside again. Furthermore, it might be perhaps be desirable to provide KDF templates in the future, which would similarly wrap an inner kpp_alg and present themselves to the outside as another kpp_alg, transforming the shared secret on its way out. Introduce the bits needed for supporting KPP template instances. Everything related to inner kpp_alg spawns potentially being held by such template instances will be deferred to a subsequent patch in order to facilitate review. Define struct struct kpp_instance in close analogy to the already existing skcipher_instance, shash_instance and alike, but wrapping a struct kpp_alg. Implement the new kpp_register_instance() template instance registration primitive. Provide some helper functions for - going back and forth between a generic struct crypto_instance and the new struct kpp_instance, - obtaining the instantiating kpp_instance from a crypto_kpp transform and - for accessing a given kpp_instance's implementation specific context data. Annotate everything with proper kernel-doc comments, even though include/crypto/internal/kpp.h is not considered for the generated docs. Signed-off-by: Nicolai Stange <nstange@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-02-04lib/crypto: blake2s: avoid indirect calls to compression function for Clang CFIJason A. Donenfeld1-15/+25
blake2s_compress_generic is weakly aliased by blake2s_compress. The current harness for function selection uses a function pointer, which is ordinarily inlined and resolved at compile time. But when Clang's CFI is enabled, CFI still triggers when making an indirect call via a weak symbol. This seems like a bug in Clang's CFI, as though it's bucketing weak symbols and strong symbols differently. It also only seems to trigger when "full LTO" mode is used, rather than "thin LTO". [ 0.000000][ T0] Kernel panic - not syncing: CFI failure (target: blake2s_compress_generic+0x0/0x1444) [ 0.000000][ T0] CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 5.16.0-mainline-06981-g076c855b846e #1 [ 0.000000][ T0] Hardware name: MT6873 (DT) [ 0.000000][ T0] Call trace: [ 0.000000][ T0] dump_backtrace+0xfc/0x1dc [ 0.000000][ T0] dump_stack_lvl+0xa8/0x11c [ 0.000000][ T0] panic+0x194/0x464 [ 0.000000][ T0] __cfi_check_fail+0x54/0x58 [ 0.000000][ T0] __cfi_slowpath_diag+0x354/0x4b0 [ 0.000000][ T0] blake2s_update+0x14c/0x178 [ 0.000000][ T0] _extract_entropy+0xf4/0x29c [ 0.000000][ T0] crng_initialize_primary+0x24/0x94 [ 0.000000][ T0] rand_initialize+0x2c/0x6c [ 0.000000][ T0] start_kernel+0x2f8/0x65c [ 0.000000][ T0] __primary_switched+0xc4/0x7be4 [ 0.000000][ T0] Rebooting in 5 seconds.. Nonetheless, the function pointer method isn't so terrific anyway, so this patch replaces it with a simple boolean, which also gets inlined away. This successfully works around the Clang bug. In general, I'm not too keen on all of the indirection involved here; it clearly does more harm than good. Hopefully the whole thing can get cleaned up down the road when lib/crypto is overhauled more comprehensively. But for now, we go with a simple bandaid. Fixes: 6048fdcc5f26 ("lib/crypto: blake2s: include as built-in") Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1567 Reported-by: Miles Chen <miles.chen@mediatek.com> Tested-by: Miles Chen <miles.chen@mediatek.com> Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Tested-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org> Acked-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
2022-01-28crypto: sm3 - make dependent on sm3 libraryTianjia Zhang1-10/+0
SM3 generic library is stand-alone implementation, it is necessary making the sm3-generic implementation to depends on SM3 library. The functions crypto_sm3_*() provided by sm3_generic is no longer exported. Signed-off-by: Tianjia Zhang <tianjia.zhang@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-01-28crypto: sm3 - create SM3 stand-alone libraryTianjia Zhang1-0/+32
Stand-alone implementation of the SM3 algorithm. It is designed to have as little dependencies as possible. In other cases you should generally use the hash APIs from include/crypto/hash.h. Especially when hashing large amounts of data as those APIs may be hw-accelerated. In the new SM3 stand-alone library, sm3_transform() has also been optimized, instead of simply using the code in sm3_generic. Signed-off-by: Tianjia Zhang <tianjia.zhang@linux.alibaba.com> Reviewed-by: Gilad Ben-Yossef <gilad@benyossef.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-01-18lib/crypto: blake2s: move hmac construction into wireguardJason A. Donenfeld1-3/+0
Basically nobody should use blake2s in an HMAC construction; it already has a keyed variant. But unfortunately for historical reasons, Noise, used by WireGuard, uses HKDF quite strictly, which means we have to use this. Because this really shouldn't be used by others, this commit moves it into wireguard's noise.c locally, so that kernels that aren't using WireGuard don't get this superfluous code baked in. On m68k systems, this shaves off ~314 bytes. Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Tested-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
2022-01-11Merge tag 'tpmdd-next-v5.17-fixed' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-1/+1
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jarkko/linux-tpmdd Pull TPM updates from Jarkko Sakkinen: "Other than bug fixes for TPM, this includes a patch for asymmetric keys to allow to look up and verify with self-signed certificates (keys without so called AKID - Authority Key Identifier) using a new "dn:" prefix in the query" * tag 'tpmdd-next-v5.17-fixed' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jarkko/linux-tpmdd: lib: remove redundant assignment to variable ret tpm: fix NPE on probe for missing device tpm: fix potential NULL pointer access in tpm_del_char_device tpm: Add Upgrade/Reduced mode support for TPM2 modules char: tpm: cr50: Set TPM_FIRMWARE_POWER_MANAGED based on device property keys: X.509 public key issuer lookup without AKID tpm_tis: Fix an error handling path in 'tpm_tis_core_init()' tpm: tpm_tis_spi_cr50: Add default RNG quality tpm/st33zp24: drop unneeded over-commenting tpm: add request_locality before write TPM_INT_ENABLE
2022-01-11Merge branch 'linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds12-12/+163
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/herbert/crypto-2.6 Pull crypto updates from Herbert Xu: "Algorithms: - Drop alignment requirement for data in aesni - Use synchronous seeding from the /dev/random in DRBG - Reseed nopr DRBGs every 5 minutes from /dev/random - Add KDF algorithms currently used by security/DH - Fix lack of entropy on some AMD CPUs with jitter RNG Drivers: - Add support for the D1 variant in sun8i-ce - Add SEV_INIT_EX support in ccp - PFVF support for GEN4 host driver in qat - Compression support for GEN4 devices in qat - Add cn10k random number generator support" * 'linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/herbert/crypto-2.6: (145 commits) crypto: af_alg - rewrite NULL pointer check lib/mpi: Add the return value check of kcalloc() crypto: qat - fix definition of ring reset results crypto: hisilicon - cleanup warning in qm_get_qos_value() crypto: kdf - select SHA-256 required for self-test crypto: x86/aesni - don't require alignment of data crypto: ccp - remove unneeded semicolon crypto: stm32/crc32 - Fix kernel BUG triggered in probe() crypto: s390/sha512 - Use macros instead of direct IV numbers crypto: sparc/sha - remove duplicate hash init function crypto: powerpc/sha - remove duplicate hash init function crypto: mips/sha - remove duplicate hash init function crypto: sha256 - remove duplicate generic hash init function crypto: jitter - add oversampling of noise source MAINTAINERS: update SEC2 driver maintainers list crypto: ux500 - Use platform_get_irq() to get the interrupt crypto: hisilicon/qm - disable qm clock-gating crypto: omap-aes - Fix broken pm_runtime_and_get() usage MAINTAINERS: update caam crypto driver maintainers list crypto: octeontx2 - prevent underflow in get_cores_bmap() ...
2022-01-09keys: X.509 public key issuer lookup without AKIDAndrew Zaborowski1-1/+1
There are non-root X.509 v3 certificates in use out there that contain no Authority Key Identifier extension (RFC5280 section 4.2.1.1). For trust verification purposes the kernel asymmetric key type keeps two struct asymmetric_key_id instances that the key can be looked up by, and another two to look up the key's issuer. The x509 public key type and the PKCS7 type generate them from the SKID and AKID extensions in the certificate. In effect current code has no way to look up the issuer certificate for verification without the AKID. To remedy this, add a third asymmetric_key_id blob to the arrays in both asymmetric_key_id's (for certficate subject) and in the public_keys_signature's auth_ids (for issuer lookup), using just raw subject and issuer DNs from the certificate. Adapt asymmetric_key_ids() and its callers to use the third ID for lookups when none of the other two are available. Attempt to keep the logic intact when they are, to minimise behaviour changes. Adapt the restrict functions' NULL-checks to include that ID too. Do not modify the lookup logic in pkcs7_verify.c, the AKID extensions are still required there. Internally use a new "dn:" prefix to the search specifier string generated for the key lookup in find_asymmetric_key(). This tells asymmetric_key_match_preparse to only match the data against the raw DN in the third ID and shouldn't conflict with search specifiers already in use. In effect implement what (2) in the struct asymmetric_key_id comment (include/keys/asymmetric-type.h) is probably talking about already, so do not modify that comment. It is also how "openssl verify" looks up issuer certificates without the AKID available. Lookups by the raw DN are unambiguous only provided that the CAs respect the condition in RFC5280 4.2.1.1 that the AKID may only be omitted if the CA uses a single signing key. The following is an example of two things that this change enables. A self-signed ceritficate is generated following the example from https://letsencrypt.org/docs/certificates-for-localhost/, and can be looked up by an identifier and verified against itself by linking to a restricted keyring -- both things not possible before due to the missing AKID extension: $ openssl req -x509 -out localhost.crt -outform DER -keyout localhost.key \ -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -sha256 \ -subj '/CN=localhost' -extensions EXT -config <( \ echo -e "[dn]\nCN=localhost\n[req]\ndistinguished_name = dn\n[EXT]\n" \ "subjectAltName=DNS:localhost\nkeyUsage=digitalSignature\n" \ "extendedKeyUsage=serverAuth") $ keyring=`keyctl newring test @u` $ trusted=`keyctl padd asymmetric trusted $keyring < localhost.crt`; \ echo $trusted 39726322 $ keyctl search $keyring asymmetric dn:3112301006035504030c096c6f63616c686f7374 39726322 $ keyctl restrict_keyring $keyring asymmetric key_or_keyring:$trusted $ keyctl padd asymmetric verified $keyring < localhost.crt Signed-off-by: Andrew Zaborowski <andrew.zaborowski@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org> Acked-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org>
2022-01-07random: early initialization of ChaCha constantsDominik Brodowski1-4/+11
Previously, the ChaCha constants for the primary pool were only initialized in crng_initialize_primary(), called by rand_initialize(). However, some randomness is actually extracted from the primary pool beforehand, e.g. by kmem_cache_create(). Therefore, statically initialize the ChaCha constants for the primary pool. Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: <linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net> Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
2022-01-07lib/crypto: blake2s: include as built-inJason A. Donenfeld1-3/+3
In preparation for using blake2s in the RNG, we change the way that it is wired-in to the build system. Instead of using ifdefs to select the right symbol, we use weak symbols. And because ARM doesn't need the generic implementation, we make the generic one default only if an arch library doesn't need it already, and then have arch libraries that do need it opt-in. So that the arch libraries can remain tristate rather than bool, we then split the shash part from the glue code. Acked-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Cc: linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
2021-12-17crypto: api - Replace kernel.h with the necessary inclusionsAndy Shevchenko9-9/+23
When kernel.h is used in the headers it adds a lot into dependency hell, especially when there are circular dependencies are involved. Replace kernel.h inclusion with the list of what is really being used. Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2021-11-26crypto: kdf - add SP800-108 counter key derivation functionStephan Müller1-0/+61
SP800-108 defines three KDFs - this patch provides the counter KDF implementation. The KDF is implemented as a service function where the caller has to maintain the hash / HMAC state. Apart from this hash/HMAC state, no additional state is required to be maintained by either the caller or the KDF implementation. The key for the KDF is set with the crypto_kdf108_setkey function which is intended to be invoked before the caller requests a key derivation operation via crypto_kdf108_ctr_generate. SP800-108 allows the use of either a HMAC or a hash as crypto primitive for the KDF. When a HMAC primtive is intended to be used, crypto_kdf108_setkey must be used to set the HMAC key. Otherwise, for a hash crypto primitve crypto_kdf108_ctr_generate can be used immediately after allocating the hash handle. Signed-off-by: Stephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2021-11-26crypto: kdf - Add key derivation self-test support codeStephan Müller1-0/+71
As a preparation to add the key derivation implementations, the self-test data structure definition and the common test code is made available. The test framework follows the testing applied by the NIST CAVP test approach. The structure of the test code follows the implementations found in crypto/testmgr.c|h. In case the KDF implementations will be made available via a kernel crypto API templates, the test code is intended to be merged into testmgr.c|h. Signed-off-by: Stephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2021-11-26crypto: drbg - reseed 'nopr' drbgs periodically from get_random_bytes()Nicolai Stange1-0/+1
In contrast to the fully prediction resistant 'pr' DRBGs, the 'nopr' variants get seeded once at boot and reseeded only rarely thereafter, namely only after 2^20 requests have been served each. AFAICT, this reseeding based on the number of requests served is primarily motivated by information theoretic considerations, c.f. NIST SP800-90Ar1, sec. 8.6.8 ("Reseeding"). However, given the relatively large seed lifetime of 2^20 requests, the 'nopr' DRBGs can hardly be considered to provide any prediction resistance whatsoever, i.e. to protect against threats like side channel leaks of the internal DRBG state (think e.g. leaked VM snapshots). This is expected and completely in line with the 'nopr' naming, but as e.g. the "drbg_nopr_hmac_sha512" implementation is potentially being used for providing the "stdrng" and thus, the crypto_default_rng serving the in-kernel crypto, it would certainly be desirable to achieve at least the same level of prediction resistance as get_random_bytes() does. Note that the chacha20 rngs underlying get_random_bytes() get reseeded every CRNG_RESEED_INTERVAL == 5min: the secondary, per-NUMA node rngs from the primary one and the primary rng in turn from the entropy pool, provided sufficient entropy is available. The 'nopr' DRBGs do draw randomness from get_random_bytes() for their initial seed already, so making them to reseed themselves periodically from get_random_bytes() in order to let them benefit from the latter's prediction resistance is not such a big change conceptually. In principle, it would have been also possible to make the 'nopr' DRBGs to periodically invoke a full reseeding operation, i.e. to also consider the jitterentropy source (if enabled) in addition to get_random_bytes() for the seed value. However, get_random_bytes() is relatively lightweight as compared to the jitterentropy generation process and thus, even though the 'nopr' reseeding is supposed to get invoked infrequently, it's IMO still worthwhile to avoid occasional latency spikes for drbg_generate() and stick to get_random_bytes() only. As an additional remark, note that drawing randomness from the non-SP800-90B-conforming get_random_bytes() only won't adversely affect SP800-90A conformance either: the very same is being done during boot via drbg_seed_from_random() already once rng_is_initialized() flips to true and it follows that if the DRBG implementation does conform to SP800-90A now, it will continue to do so. Make the 'nopr' DRBGs to reseed themselves periodically from get_random_bytes() every CRNG_RESEED_INTERVAL == 5min. More specifically, introduce a new member ->last_seed_time to struct drbg_state for recording in units of jiffies when the last seeding operation had taken place. Make __drbg_seed() maintain it and let drbg_generate() invoke a reseed from get_random_bytes() via drbg_seed_from_random() if more than 5min have passed by since the last seeding operation. Be careful to not to reseed if in testing mode though, or otherwise the drbg related tests in crypto/testmgr.c would fail to reproduce the expected output. In order to keep the formatting clean in drbg_generate() wrap the logic for deciding whether or not a reseed is due in a new helper, drbg_nopr_reseed_interval_elapsed(). Signed-off-by: Nicolai Stange <nstange@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Stephan Müller <smueller@chronox.de> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2021-11-26crypto: drbg - make reseeding from get_random_bytes() synchronousNicolai Stange1-2/+0
get_random_bytes() usually hasn't full entropy available by the time DRBG instances are first getting seeded from it during boot. Thus, the DRBG implementation registers random_ready_callbacks which would in turn schedule some work for reseeding the DRBGs once get_random_bytes() has sufficient entropy available. For reference, the relevant history around handling DRBG (re)seeding in the context of a not yet fully seeded get_random_bytes() is: commit 16b369a91d0d ("random: Blocking API for accessing nonblocking_pool") commit 4c7879907edd ("crypto: drbg - add async seeding operation") commit 205a525c3342 ("random: Add callback API for random pool readiness") commit 57225e679788 ("crypto: drbg - Use callback API for random readiness") commit c2719503f5e1 ("random: Remove kernel blocking API") However, some time later, the initialization state of get_random_bytes() has been made queryable via rng_is_initialized() introduced with commit 9a47249d444d ("random: Make crng state queryable"). This primitive now allows for streamlining the DRBG reseeding from get_random_bytes() by replacing that aforementioned asynchronous work scheduling from random_ready_callbacks with some simpler, synchronous code in drbg_generate() next to the related logic already present therein. Apart from improving overall code readability, this change will also enable DRBG users to rely on wait_for_random_bytes() for ensuring that the initial seeding has completed, if desired. The previous patches already laid the grounds by making drbg_seed() to record at each DRBG instance whether it was being seeded at a time when rng_is_initialized() still had been false as indicated by ->seeded == DRBG_SEED_STATE_PARTIAL. All that remains to be done now is to make drbg_generate() check for this condition, determine whether rng_is_initialized() has flipped to true in the meanwhile and invoke a reseed from get_random_bytes() if so. Make this move: - rename the former drbg_async_seed() work handler, i.e. the one in charge of reseeding a DRBG instance from get_random_bytes(), to "drbg_seed_from_random()", - change its signature as appropriate, i.e. make it take a struct drbg_state rather than a work_struct and change its return type from "void" to "int" in order to allow for passing error information from e.g. its __drbg_seed() invocation onwards to callers, - make drbg_generate() invoke this drbg_seed_from_random() once it encounters a DRBG instance with ->seeded == DRBG_SEED_STATE_PARTIAL by the time rng_is_initialized() has flipped to true and - prune everything related to the former, random_ready_callback based mechanism. As drbg_seed_from_random() is now getting invoked from drbg_generate() with the ->drbg_mutex being held, it must not attempt to recursively grab it once again. Remove the corresponding mutex operations from what is now drbg_seed_from_random(). Furthermore, as drbg_seed_from_random() can now report errors directly to its caller, there's no need for it to temporarily switch the DRBG's ->seeded state to DRBG_SEED_STATE_UNSEEDED so that a failure of the subsequently invoked __drbg_seed() will get signaled to drbg_generate(). Don't do it then. Signed-off-by: Nicolai Stange <nstange@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>