// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 /* Watch queue and general notification mechanism, built on pipes * * Copyright (C) 2020 Red Hat, Inc. All Rights Reserved. * Written by David Howells (dhowells@redhat.com) * * See Documentation/watch_queue.rst */ #define pr_fmt(fmt) "watchq: " fmt #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/sched.h> #include <linux/slab.h> #include <linux/printk.h> #include <linux/miscdevice.h> #include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/mm.h> #include <linux/pagemap.h> #include <linux/poll.h> #include <linux/uaccess.h> #include <linux/vmalloc.h> #include <linux/file.h> #include <linux/security.h> #include <linux/cred.h> #include <linux/sched/signal.h> #include <linux/watch_queue.h> #include <linux/pipe_fs_i.h> MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Watch queue"); MODULE_AUTHOR("Red Hat, Inc."); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); #define WATCH_QUEUE_NOTE_SIZE 128 #define WATCH_QUEUE_NOTES_PER_PAGE (PAGE_SIZE / WATCH_QUEUE_NOTE_SIZE) static void watch_queue_pipe_buf_release(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct pipe_buffer *buf) { struct watch_queue *wqueue = (struct watch_queue *)buf->private; struct page *page; unsigned int bit; /* We need to work out which note within the page this refers to, but * the note might have been maximum size, so merely ANDing the offset * off doesn't work. OTOH, the note must've been more than zero size. */ bit = buf->offset + buf->len; if ((bit & (WATCH_QUEUE_NOTE_SIZE - 1)) == 0) bit -= WATCH_QUEUE_NOTE_SIZE; bit /= WATCH_QUEUE_NOTE_SIZE; page = buf->page; bit += page->index; set_bit(bit, wqueue->notes_bitmap); } // No try_steal function => no stealing #define watch_queue_pipe_buf_try_steal NULL /* New data written to a pipe may be appended to a buffer with this type. */ static const struct pipe_buf_operations watch_queue_pipe_buf_ops = { .release = watch_queue_pipe_buf_release, .try_steal = watch_queue_pipe_buf_try_steal, .get = generic_pipe_buf_get, }; /* * Post a notification to a watch queue. */ static bool post_one_notification(struct watch_queue *wqueue, struct watch_notification *n) { void *p; struct pipe_inode_info *pipe = wqueue->pipe; struct pipe_buffer *buf; struct page *page; unsigned int head, tail, mask, note, offset, len; bool done = false; if (!pipe) return false; spin_lock_irq(&pipe->rd_wait.lock); if (wqueue->defunct) goto out; mask = pipe->ring_size - 1; head = pipe->head; tail = pipe->tail; if (pipe_full(head, tail, pipe->ring_size)) goto lost; note = find_first_bit(wqueue->notes_bitmap, wqueue->nr_notes); if (note >= wqueue->nr_notes) goto lost; page = wqueue->notes[note / WATCH_QUEUE_NOTES_PER_PAGE]; offset = note % WATCH_QUEUE_NOTES_PER_PAGE * WATCH_QUEUE_NOTE_SIZE; get_page(page); len = n->info & WATCH_INFO_LENGTH; p = kmap_atomic(page); memcpy(p + offset, n, len); kunmap_atomic(p); buf = &pipe->bufs[head & mask]; buf->page = page; buf->private = (unsigned long)wqueue; buf->ops = &watch_queue_pipe_buf_ops; buf->offset = offset; buf->len = len; buf->flags = PIPE_BUF_FLAG_WHOLE; pipe->head = head + 1; if (!test_and_clear_bit(note, wqueue->notes_bitmap)) { spin_unlock_irq(&pipe->rd_wait.lock); BUG(); } wake_up_interruptible_sync_poll_locked(&pipe->rd_wait, EPOLLIN | EPOLLRDNORM); done = true; out: spin_unlock_irq(&pipe->rd_wait.lock); if (done) kill_fasync(&pipe->fasync_readers, SIGIO, POLL_IN); return done; lost: buf = &pipe->bufs[(head - 1) & mask]; buf->flags |= PIPE_BUF_FLAG_LOSS; goto out; } /* * Apply filter rules to a notification. */ static bool filter_watch_notification(const struct watch_filter *wf, const struct watch_notification *n) { const struct watch_type_filter *wt; unsigned int st_bits = sizeof(wt->subtype_filter[0]) * 8; unsigned int st_index = n->subtype / st_bits; unsigned int st_bit = 1U << (n->subtype % st_bits); int i; if (!test_bit(n->type, wf->type_filter)) return false; for (i = 0; i < wf->nr_filters; i++) { wt = &wf->filters[i]; if (n->type == wt->type && (wt->subtype_filter[st_index] & st_bit) && (n->info & wt->info_mask) == wt->info_filter) return true; } return false; /* If there is a filter, the default is to reject. */ } /** * __post_watch_notification - Post an event notification * @wlist: The watch list to post the event to. * @n: The notification record to post. * @cred: The creds of the process that triggered the notification. * @id: The ID to match on the watch. * * Post a notification of an event into a set of watch queues and let the users * know. * * The size of the notification should be set in n->info & WATCH_INFO_LENGTH and * should be in units of sizeof(*n). */ void __post_watch_notification(struct watch_list *wlist, struct watch_notification *n, const struct cred *cred, u64 id) { const struct watch_filter *wf; struct watch_queue *wqueue; struct watch *watch; if (((n->info & WATCH_INFO_LENGTH) >> WATCH_INFO_LENGTH__SHIFT) == 0) { WARN_ON(1); return; } rcu_read_lock(); hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(watch, &wlist->watchers, list_node) { if (watch->id != id) continue; n->info &= ~WATCH_INFO_ID; n->info |= watch->info_id; wqueue = rcu_dereference(watch->queue); wf = rcu_dereference(wqueue->filter); if (wf && !filter_watch_notification(wf, n)) continue; if (security_post_notification(watch->cred, cred, n) < 0) continue; post_one_notification(wqueue, n); } rcu_read_unlock(); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(__post_watch_notification); /* * Allocate sufficient pages to preallocation for the requested number of * notifications. */ long watch_queue_set_size(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, unsigned int nr_notes) { struct watch_queue *wqueue = pipe->watch_queue; struct page **pages; unsigned long *bitmap; unsigned long user_bufs; unsigned int bmsize; int ret, i, nr_pages; if (!wqueue) return -ENODEV; if (wqueue->notes) return -EBUSY; if (nr_notes < 1 || nr_notes > 512) /* TODO: choose a better hard limit */ return -EINVAL; nr_pages = (nr_notes + WATCH_QUEUE_NOTES_PER_PAGE - 1); nr_pages /= WATCH_QUEUE_NOTES_PER_PAGE; user_bufs = account_pipe_buffers(pipe->user, pipe->nr_accounted, nr_pages); if (nr_pages > pipe->max_usage && (too_many_pipe_buffers_hard(user_bufs) || too_many_pipe_buffers_soft(user_bufs)) && pipe_is_unprivileged_user()) { ret = -EPERM; goto error; } ret = pipe_resize_ring(pipe, nr_notes); if (ret < 0) goto error; pages = kcalloc(sizeof(struct page *), nr_pages, GFP_KERNEL); if (!pages) goto error; for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) { pages[i] = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL); if (!pages[i]) goto error_p; pages[i]->index = i * WATCH_QUEUE_NOTES_PER_PAGE; } bmsize = (nr_notes + BITS_PER_LONG - 1) / BITS_PER_LONG; bmsize *= sizeof(unsigned long); bitmap = kmalloc(bmsize, GFP_KERNEL); if (!bitmap) goto error_p; memset(bitmap, 0xff, bmsize); wqueue->notes = pages; wqueue->notes_bitmap = bitmap; wqueue->nr_pages = nr_pages; wqueue->nr_notes = nr_pages * WATCH_QUEUE_NOTES_PER_PAGE; return 0; error_p: for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) __free_page(pages[i]); kfree(pages); error: (void) account_pipe_buffers(pipe->user, nr_pages, pipe->nr_accounted); return ret; } /* * Set the filter on a watch queue. */ long watch_queue_set_filter(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct watch_notification_filter __user *_filter) { struct watch_notification_type_filter *tf; struct watch_notification_filter filter; struct watch_type_filter *q; struct watch_filter *wfilter; struct watch_queue *wqueue = pipe->watch_queue; int ret, nr_filter = 0, i; if (!wqueue) return -ENODEV; if (!_filter) { /* Remove the old filter */ wfilter = NULL; goto set; } /* Grab the user's filter specification */ if (copy_from_user(&filter, _filter, sizeof(filter)) != 0) return -EFAULT; if (filter.nr_filters == 0 || filter.nr_filters > 16 || filter.__reserved != 0) return -EINVAL; tf = memdup_user(_filter->filters, filter.nr_filters * sizeof(*tf)); if (IS_ERR(tf)) return PTR_ERR(tf); ret = -EINVAL; for (i = 0; i < filter.nr_filters; i++) { if ((tf[i].info_filter & ~tf[i].info_mask) || tf[i].info_mask & WATCH_INFO_LENGTH) goto err_filter; /* Ignore any unknown types */ if (tf[i].type >= sizeof(wfilter->type_filter) * 8) continue; nr_filter++; } /* Now we need to build the internal filter from only the relevant * user-specified filters. */ ret = -ENOMEM; wfilter = kzalloc(struct_size(wfilter, filters, nr_filter), GFP_KERNEL); if (!wfilter) goto err_filter; wfilter->nr_filters = nr_filter; q = wfilter->filters; for (i = 0; i < filter.nr_filters; i++) { if (tf[i].type >= sizeof(wfilter->type_filter) * BITS_PER_LONG) continue; q->type = tf[i].type; q->info_filter = tf[i].info_filter; q->info_mask = tf[i].info_mask; q->subtype_filter[0] = tf[i].subtype_filter[0]; __set_bit(q->type, wfilter->type_filter); q++; } kfree(tf); set: pipe_lock(pipe); wfilter = rcu_replace_pointer(wqueue->filter, wfilter, lockdep_is_held(&pipe->mutex)); pipe_unlock(pipe); if (wfilter) kfree_rcu(wfilter, rcu); return 0; err_filter: kfree(tf); return ret; } static void __put_watch_queue(struct kref *kref) { struct watch_queue *wqueue = container_of(kref, struct watch_queue, usage); struct watch_filter *wfilter; int i; for (i = 0; i < wqueue->nr_pages; i++) __free_page(wqueue->notes[i]); wfilter = rcu_access_pointer(wqueue->filter); if (wfilter) kfree_rcu(wfilter, rcu); kfree_rcu(wqueue, rcu); } /** * put_watch_queue - Dispose of a ref on a watchqueue. * @wqueue: The watch queue to unref. */ void put_watch_queue(struct watch_queue *wqueue) { kref_put(&wqueue->usage, __put_watch_queue); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(put_watch_queue); static void free_watch(struct rcu_head *rcu) { struct watch *watch = container_of(rcu, struct watch, rcu); put_watch_queue(rcu_access_pointer(watch->queue)); put_cred(watch->cred); } static void __put_watch(struct kref *kref) { struct watch *watch = container_of(kref, struct watch, usage); call_rcu(&watch->rcu, free_watch); } /* * Discard a watch. */ static void put_watch(struct watch *watch) { kref_put(&watch->usage, __put_watch); } /** * init_watch_queue - Initialise a watch * @watch: The watch to initialise. * @wqueue: The queue to assign. * * Initialise a watch and set the watch queue. */ void init_watch(struct watch *watch, struct watch_queue *wqueue) { kref_init(&watch->usage); INIT_HLIST_NODE(&watch->list_node); INIT_HLIST_NODE(&watch->queue_node); rcu_assign_pointer(watch->queue, wqueue); } /** * add_watch_to_object - Add a watch on an object to a watch list * @watch: The watch to add * @wlist: The watch list to add to * * @watch->queue must have been set to point to the queue to post notifications * to and the watch list of the object to be watched. @watch->cred must also * have been set to the appropriate credentials and a ref taken on them. * * The caller must pin the queue and the list both and must hold the list * locked against racing watch additions/removals. */ int add_watch_to_object(struct watch *watch, struct watch_list *wlist) { struct watch_queue *wqueue = rcu_access_pointer(watch->queue); struct watch *w; hlist_for_each_entry(w, &wlist->watchers, list_node) { struct watch_queue *wq = rcu_access_pointer(w->queue); if (wqueue == wq && watch->id == w->id) return -EBUSY; } watch->cred = get_current_cred(); rcu_assign_pointer(watch->watch_list, wlist); spin_lock_bh(&wqueue->lock); kref_get(&wqueue->usage); kref_get(&watch->usage); hlist_add_head(&watch->queue_node, &wqueue->watches); spin_unlock_bh(&wqueue->lock); hlist_add_head(&watch->list_node, &wlist->watchers); return 0; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(add_watch_to_object); /** * remove_watch_from_object - Remove a watch or all watches from an object. * @wlist: The watch list to remove from * @wq: The watch queue of interest (ignored if @all is true) * @id: The ID of the watch to remove (ignored if @all is true) * @all: True to remove all objects * * Remove a specific watch or all watches from an object. A notification is * sent to the watcher to tell them that this happened. */ int remove_watch_from_object(struct watch_list *wlist, struct watch_queue *wq, u64 id, bool all) { struct watch_notification_removal n; struct watch_queue *wqueue; struct watch *watch; int ret = -EBADSLT; rcu_read_lock(); again: spin_lock(&wlist->lock); hlist_for_each_entry(watch, &wlist->watchers, list_node) { if (all || (watch->id == id && rcu_access_pointer(watch->queue) == wq)) goto found; } spin_unlock(&wlist->lock); goto out; found: ret = 0; hlist_del_init_rcu(&watch->list_node); rcu_assign_pointer(watch->watch_list, NULL); spin_unlock(&wlist->lock); /* We now own the reference on watch that used to belong to wlist. */ n.watch.type = WATCH_TYPE_META; n.watch.subtype = WATCH_META_REMOVAL_NOTIFICATION; n.watch.info = watch->info_id | watch_sizeof(n.watch); n.id = id; if (id != 0) n.watch.info = watch->info_id | watch_sizeof(n); wqueue = rcu_dereference(watch->queue); /* We don't need the watch list lock for the next bit as RCU is * protecting *wqueue from deallocation. */ if (wqueue) { post_one_notification(wqueue, &n.watch); spin_lock_bh(&wqueue->lock); if (!hlist_unhashed(&watch->queue_node)) { hlist_del_init_rcu(&watch->queue_node); put_watch(watch); } spin_unlock_bh(&wqueue->lock); } if (wlist->release_watch) { void (*release_watch)(struct watch *); release_watch = wlist->release_watch; rcu_read_unlock(); (*release_watch)(watch); rcu_read_lock(); } put_watch(watch); if (all && !hlist_empty(&wlist->watchers)) goto again; out: rcu_read_unlock(); return ret; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(remove_watch_from_object); /* * Remove all the watches that are contributory to a queue. This has the * potential to race with removal of the watches by the destruction of the * objects being watched or with the distribution of notifications. */ void watch_queue_clear(struct watch_queue *wqueue) { struct watch_list *wlist; struct watch *watch; bool release; rcu_read_lock(); spin_lock_bh(&wqueue->lock); /* Prevent new additions and prevent notifications from happening */ wqueue->defunct = true; while (!hlist_empty(&wqueue->watches)) { watch = hlist_entry(wqueue->watches.first, struct watch, queue_node); hlist_del_init_rcu(&watch->queue_node); /* We now own a ref on the watch. */ spin_unlock_bh(&wqueue->lock); /* We can't do the next bit under the queue lock as we need to * get the list lock - which would cause a deadlock if someone * was removing from the opposite direction at the same time or * posting a notification. */ wlist = rcu_dereference(watch->watch_list); if (wlist) { void (*release_watch)(struct watch *); spin_lock(&wlist->lock); release = !hlist_unhashed(&watch->list_node); if (release) { hlist_del_init_rcu(&watch->list_node); rcu_assign_pointer(watch->watch_list, NULL); /* We now own a second ref on the watch. */ } release_watch = wlist->release_watch; spin_unlock(&wlist->lock); if (release) { if (release_watch) { rcu_read_unlock(); /* This might need to call dput(), so * we have to drop all the locks. */ (*release_watch)(watch); rcu_read_lock(); } put_watch(watch); } } put_watch(watch); spin_lock_bh(&wqueue->lock); } spin_unlock_bh(&wqueue->lock); rcu_read_unlock(); } /** * get_watch_queue - Get a watch queue from its file descriptor. * @fd: The fd to query. */ struct watch_queue *get_watch_queue(int fd) { struct pipe_inode_info *pipe; struct watch_queue *wqueue = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL); struct fd f; f = fdget(fd); if (f.file) { pipe = get_pipe_info(f.file, false); if (pipe && pipe->watch_queue) { wqueue = pipe->watch_queue; kref_get(&wqueue->usage); } fdput(f); } return wqueue; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_watch_queue); /* * Initialise a watch queue */ int watch_queue_init(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe) { struct watch_queue *wqueue; wqueue = kzalloc(sizeof(*wqueue), GFP_KERNEL); if (!wqueue) return -ENOMEM; wqueue->pipe = pipe; kref_init(&wqueue->usage); spin_lock_init(&wqueue->lock); INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&wqueue->watches); pipe->watch_queue = wqueue; return 0; }