/* * Functions to sequence PREFLUSH and FUA writes. * * Copyright (C) 2011 Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics * Copyright (C) 2011 Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> * * This file is released under the GPLv2. * * REQ_{PREFLUSH|FUA} requests are decomposed to sequences consisted of three * optional steps - PREFLUSH, DATA and POSTFLUSH - according to the request * properties and hardware capability. * * If a request doesn't have data, only REQ_PREFLUSH makes sense, which * indicates a simple flush request. If there is data, REQ_PREFLUSH indicates * that the device cache should be flushed before the data is executed, and * REQ_FUA means that the data must be on non-volatile media on request * completion. * * If the device doesn't have writeback cache, PREFLUSH and FUA don't make any * difference. The requests are either completed immediately if there's no data * or executed as normal requests otherwise. * * If the device has writeback cache and supports FUA, REQ_PREFLUSH is * translated to PREFLUSH but REQ_FUA is passed down directly with DATA. * * If the device has writeback cache and doesn't support FUA, REQ_PREFLUSH * is translated to PREFLUSH and REQ_FUA to POSTFLUSH. * * The actual execution of flush is double buffered. Whenever a request * needs to execute PRE or POSTFLUSH, it queues at * fq->flush_queue[fq->flush_pending_idx]. Once certain criteria are met, a * REQ_OP_FLUSH is issued and the pending_idx is toggled. When the flush * completes, all the requests which were pending are proceeded to the next * step. This allows arbitrary merging of different types of PREFLUSH/FUA * requests. * * Currently, the following conditions are used to determine when to issue * flush. * * C1. At any given time, only one flush shall be in progress. This makes * double buffering sufficient. * * C2. Flush is deferred if any request is executing DATA of its sequence. * This avoids issuing separate POSTFLUSHes for requests which shared * PREFLUSH. * * C3. The second condition is ignored if there is a request which has * waited longer than FLUSH_PENDING_TIMEOUT. This is to avoid * starvation in the unlikely case where there are continuous stream of * FUA (without PREFLUSH) requests. * * For devices which support FUA, it isn't clear whether C2 (and thus C3) * is beneficial. * * Note that a sequenced PREFLUSH/FUA request with DATA is completed twice. * Once while executing DATA and again after the whole sequence is * complete. The first completion updates the contained bio but doesn't * finish it so that the bio submitter is notified only after the whole * sequence is complete. This is implemented by testing RQF_FLUSH_SEQ in * req_bio_endio(). * * The above peculiarity requires that each PREFLUSH/FUA request has only one * bio attached to it, which is guaranteed as they aren't allowed to be * merged in the usual way. */ #include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/bio.h> #include <linux/blkdev.h> #include <linux/gfp.h> #include <linux/blk-mq.h> #include "blk.h" #include "blk-mq.h" #include "blk-mq-tag.h" #include "blk-mq-sched.h" /* PREFLUSH/FUA sequences */ enum { REQ_FSEQ_PREFLUSH = (1 << 0), /* pre-flushing in progress */ REQ_FSEQ_DATA = (1 << 1), /* data write in progress */ REQ_FSEQ_POSTFLUSH = (1 << 2), /* post-flushing in progress */ REQ_FSEQ_DONE = (1 << 3), REQ_FSEQ_ACTIONS = REQ_FSEQ_PREFLUSH | REQ_FSEQ_DATA | REQ_FSEQ_POSTFLUSH, /* * If flush has been pending longer than the following timeout, * it's issued even if flush_data requests are still in flight. */ FLUSH_PENDING_TIMEOUT = 5 * HZ, }; static bool blk_kick_flush(struct request_queue *q, struct blk_flush_queue *fq); static unsigned int blk_flush_policy(unsigned long fflags, struct request *rq) { unsigned int policy = 0; if (blk_rq_sectors(rq)) policy |= REQ_FSEQ_DATA; if (fflags & (1UL << QUEUE_FLAG_WC)) { if (rq->cmd_flags & REQ_PREFLUSH) policy |= REQ_FSEQ_PREFLUSH; if (!(fflags & (1UL << QUEUE_FLAG_FUA)) && (rq->cmd_flags & REQ_FUA)) policy |= REQ_FSEQ_POSTFLUSH; } return policy; } static unsigned int blk_flush_cur_seq(struct request *rq) { return 1 << ffz(rq->flush.seq); } static void blk_flush_restore_request(struct request *rq) { /* * After flush data completion, @rq->bio is %NULL but we need to * complete the bio again. @rq->biotail is guaranteed to equal the * original @rq->bio. Restore it. */ rq->bio = rq->biotail; /* make @rq a normal request */ rq->rq_flags &= ~RQF_FLUSH_SEQ; rq->end_io = rq->flush.saved_end_io; } static bool blk_flush_queue_rq(struct request *rq, bool add_front) { if (rq->q->mq_ops) { blk_mq_add_to_requeue_list(rq, add_front, true); return false; } else { if (add_front) list_add(&rq->queuelist, &rq->q->queue_head); else list_add_tail(&rq->queuelist, &rq->q->queue_head); return true; } } /** * blk_flush_complete_seq - complete flush sequence * @rq: PREFLUSH/FUA request being sequenced * @fq: flush queue * @seq: sequences to complete (mask of %REQ_FSEQ_*, can be zero) * @error: whether an error occurred * * @rq just completed @seq part of its flush sequence, record the * completion and trigger the next step. * * CONTEXT: * spin_lock_irq(q->queue_lock or fq->mq_flush_lock) * * RETURNS: * %true if requests were added to the dispatch queue, %false otherwise. */ static bool blk_flush_complete_seq(struct request *rq, struct blk_flush_queue *fq, unsigned int seq, blk_status_t error) { struct request_queue *q = rq->q; struct list_head *pending = &fq->flush_queue[fq->flush_pending_idx]; bool queued = false, kicked; BUG_ON(rq->flush.seq & seq); rq->flush.seq |= seq; if (likely(!error)) seq = blk_flush_cur_seq(rq); else seq = REQ_FSEQ_DONE; switch (seq) { case REQ_FSEQ_PREFLUSH: case REQ_FSEQ_POSTFLUSH: /* queue for flush */ if (list_empty(pending)) fq->flush_pending_since = jiffies; list_move_tail(&rq->flush.list, pending); break; case REQ_FSEQ_DATA: list_move_tail(&rq->flush.list, &fq->flush_data_in_flight); queued = blk_flush_queue_rq(rq, true); break; case REQ_FSEQ_DONE: /* * @rq was previously adjusted by blk_flush_issue() for * flush sequencing and may already have gone through the * flush data request completion path. Restore @rq for * normal completion and end it. */ BUG_ON(!list_empty(&rq->queuelist)); list_del_init(&rq->flush.list); blk_flush_restore_request(rq); if (q->mq_ops) blk_mq_end_request(rq, error); else __blk_end_request_all(rq, error); break; default: BUG(); } kicked = blk_kick_flush(q, fq); return kicked | queued; } static void flush_end_io(struct request *flush_rq, blk_status_t error) { struct request_queue *q = flush_rq->q; struct list_head *running; bool queued = false; struct request *rq, *n; unsigned long flags = 0; struct blk_flush_queue *fq = blk_get_flush_queue(q, flush_rq->mq_ctx); if (q->mq_ops) { struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *hctx; /* release the tag's ownership to the req cloned from */ spin_lock_irqsave(&fq->mq_flush_lock, flags); hctx = blk_mq_map_queue(q, flush_rq->mq_ctx->cpu); if (!q->elevator) { blk_mq_tag_set_rq(hctx, flush_rq->tag, fq->orig_rq); flush_rq->tag = -1; } else { blk_mq_put_driver_tag_hctx(hctx, flush_rq); flush_rq->internal_tag = -1; } } running = &fq->flush_queue[fq->flush_running_idx]; BUG_ON(fq->flush_pending_idx == fq->flush_running_idx); /* account completion of the flush request */ fq->flush_running_idx ^= 1; if (!q->mq_ops) elv_completed_request(q, flush_rq); /* and push the waiting requests to the next stage */ list_for_each_entry_safe(rq, n, running, flush.list) { unsigned int seq = blk_flush_cur_seq(rq); BUG_ON(seq != REQ_FSEQ_PREFLUSH && seq != REQ_FSEQ_POSTFLUSH); queued |= blk_flush_complete_seq(rq, fq, seq, error); } /* * Kick the queue to avoid stall for two cases: * 1. Moving a request silently to empty queue_head may stall the * queue. * 2. When flush request is running in non-queueable queue, the * queue is hold. Restart the queue after flush request is finished * to avoid stall. * This function is called from request completion path and calling * directly into request_fn may confuse the driver. Always use * kblockd. */ if (queued || fq->flush_queue_delayed) { WARN_ON(q->mq_ops); blk_run_queue_async(q); } fq->flush_queue_delayed = 0; if (q->mq_ops) spin_unlock_irqrestore(&fq->mq_flush_lock, flags); } /** * blk_kick_flush - consider issuing flush request * @q: request_queue being kicked * @fq: flush queue * * Flush related states of @q have changed, consider issuing flush request. * Please read the comment at the top of this file for more info. * * CONTEXT: * spin_lock_irq(q->queue_lock or fq->mq_flush_lock) * * RETURNS: * %true if flush was issued, %false otherwise. */ static bool blk_kick_flush(struct request_queue *q, struct blk_flush_queue *fq) { struct list_head *pending = &fq->flush_queue[fq->flush_pending_idx]; struct request *first_rq = list_first_entry(pending, struct request, flush.list); struct request *flush_rq = fq->flush_rq; /* C1 described at the top of this file */ if (fq->flush_pending_idx != fq->flush_running_idx || list_empty(pending)) return false; /* C2 and C3 * * For blk-mq + scheduling, we can risk having all driver tags * assigned to empty flushes, and we deadlock if we are expecting * other requests to make progress. Don't defer for that case. */ if (!list_empty(&fq->flush_data_in_flight) && !(q->mq_ops && q->elevator) && time_before(jiffies, fq->flush_pending_since + FLUSH_PENDING_TIMEOUT)) return false; /* * Issue flush and toggle pending_idx. This makes pending_idx * different from running_idx, which means flush is in flight. */ fq->flush_pending_idx ^= 1; blk_rq_init(q, flush_rq); /* * In case of none scheduler, borrow tag from the first request * since they can't be in flight at the same time. And acquire * the tag's ownership for flush req. * * In case of IO scheduler, flush rq need to borrow scheduler tag * just for cheating put/get driver tag. */ if (q->mq_ops) { struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *hctx; flush_rq->mq_ctx = first_rq->mq_ctx; if (!q->elevator) { fq->orig_rq = first_rq; flush_rq->tag = first_rq->tag; hctx = blk_mq_map_queue(q, first_rq->mq_ctx->cpu); blk_mq_tag_set_rq(hctx, first_rq->tag, flush_rq); } else { flush_rq->internal_tag = first_rq->internal_tag; } } flush_rq->cmd_flags = REQ_OP_FLUSH | REQ_PREFLUSH; flush_rq->rq_flags |= RQF_FLUSH_SEQ; flush_rq->rq_disk = first_rq->rq_disk; flush_rq->end_io = flush_end_io; return blk_flush_queue_rq(flush_rq, false); } static void flush_data_end_io(struct request *rq, blk_status_t error) { struct request_queue *q = rq->q; struct blk_flush_queue *fq = blk_get_flush_queue(q, NULL); lockdep_assert_held(q->queue_lock); /* * Updating q->in_flight[] here for making this tag usable * early. Because in blk_queue_start_tag(), * q->in_flight[BLK_RW_ASYNC] is used to limit async I/O and * reserve tags for sync I/O. * * More importantly this way can avoid the following I/O * deadlock: * * - suppose there are 40 fua requests comming to flush queue * and queue depth is 31 * - 30 rqs are scheduled then blk_queue_start_tag() can't alloc * tag for async I/O any more * - all the 30 rqs are completed before FLUSH_PENDING_TIMEOUT * and flush_data_end_io() is called * - the other rqs still can't go ahead if not updating * q->in_flight[BLK_RW_ASYNC] here, meantime these rqs * are held in flush data queue and make no progress of * handling post flush rq * - only after the post flush rq is handled, all these rqs * can be completed */ elv_completed_request(q, rq); /* for avoiding double accounting */ rq->rq_flags &= ~RQF_STARTED; /* * After populating an empty queue, kick it to avoid stall. Read * the comment in flush_end_io(). */ if (blk_flush_complete_seq(rq, fq, REQ_FSEQ_DATA, error)) blk_run_queue_async(q); } static void mq_flush_data_end_io(struct request *rq, blk_status_t error) { struct request_queue *q = rq->q; struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *hctx; struct blk_mq_ctx *ctx = rq->mq_ctx; unsigned long flags; struct blk_flush_queue *fq = blk_get_flush_queue(q, ctx); hctx = blk_mq_map_queue(q, ctx->cpu); if (q->elevator) { WARN_ON(rq->tag < 0); blk_mq_put_driver_tag_hctx(hctx, rq); } /* * After populating an empty queue, kick it to avoid stall. Read * the comment in flush_end_io(). */ spin_lock_irqsave(&fq->mq_flush_lock, flags); blk_flush_complete_seq(rq, fq, REQ_FSEQ_DATA, error); spin_unlock_irqrestore(&fq->mq_flush_lock, flags); blk_mq_run_hw_queue(hctx, true); } /** * blk_insert_flush - insert a new PREFLUSH/FUA request * @rq: request to insert * * To be called from __elv_add_request() for %ELEVATOR_INSERT_FLUSH insertions. * or __blk_mq_run_hw_queue() to dispatch request. * @rq is being submitted. Analyze what needs to be done and put it on the * right queue. */ void blk_insert_flush(struct request *rq) { struct request_queue *q = rq->q; unsigned long fflags = q->queue_flags; /* may change, cache */ unsigned int policy = blk_flush_policy(fflags, rq); struct blk_flush_queue *fq = blk_get_flush_queue(q, rq->mq_ctx); if (!q->mq_ops) lockdep_assert_held(q->queue_lock); /* * @policy now records what operations need to be done. Adjust * REQ_PREFLUSH and FUA for the driver. */ rq->cmd_flags &= ~REQ_PREFLUSH; if (!(fflags & (1UL << QUEUE_FLAG_FUA))) rq->cmd_flags &= ~REQ_FUA; /* * REQ_PREFLUSH|REQ_FUA implies REQ_SYNC, so if we clear any * of those flags, we have to set REQ_SYNC to avoid skewing * the request accounting. */ rq->cmd_flags |= REQ_SYNC; /* * An empty flush handed down from a stacking driver may * translate into nothing if the underlying device does not * advertise a write-back cache. In this case, simply * complete the request. */ if (!policy) { if (q->mq_ops) blk_mq_end_request(rq, 0); else __blk_end_request(rq, 0, 0); return; } BUG_ON(rq->bio != rq->biotail); /*assumes zero or single bio rq */ /* * If there's data but flush is not necessary, the request can be * processed directly without going through flush machinery. Queue * for normal execution. */ if ((policy & REQ_FSEQ_DATA) && !(policy & (REQ_FSEQ_PREFLUSH | REQ_FSEQ_POSTFLUSH))) { if (q->mq_ops) blk_mq_request_bypass_insert(rq, false); else list_add_tail(&rq->queuelist, &q->queue_head); return; } /* * @rq should go through flush machinery. Mark it part of flush * sequence and submit for further processing. */ memset(&rq->flush, 0, sizeof(rq->flush)); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rq->flush.list); rq->rq_flags |= RQF_FLUSH_SEQ; rq->flush.saved_end_io = rq->end_io; /* Usually NULL */ if (q->mq_ops) { rq->end_io = mq_flush_data_end_io; spin_lock_irq(&fq->mq_flush_lock); blk_flush_complete_seq(rq, fq, REQ_FSEQ_ACTIONS & ~policy, 0); spin_unlock_irq(&fq->mq_flush_lock); return; } rq->end_io = flush_data_end_io; blk_flush_complete_seq(rq, fq, REQ_FSEQ_ACTIONS & ~policy, 0); } /** * blkdev_issue_flush - queue a flush * @bdev: blockdev to issue flush for * @gfp_mask: memory allocation flags (for bio_alloc) * @error_sector: error sector * * Description: * Issue a flush for the block device in question. Caller can supply * room for storing the error offset in case of a flush error, if they * wish to. */ int blkdev_issue_flush(struct block_device *bdev, gfp_t gfp_mask, sector_t *error_sector) { struct request_queue *q; struct bio *bio; int ret = 0; if (bdev->bd_disk == NULL) return -ENXIO; q = bdev_get_queue(bdev); if (!q) return -ENXIO; /* * some block devices may not have their queue correctly set up here * (e.g. loop device without a backing file) and so issuing a flush * here will panic. Ensure there is a request function before issuing * the flush. */ if (!q->make_request_fn) return -ENXIO; bio = bio_alloc(gfp_mask, 0); bio_set_dev(bio, bdev); bio->bi_opf = REQ_OP_WRITE | REQ_PREFLUSH; ret = submit_bio_wait(bio); /* * The driver must store the error location in ->bi_sector, if * it supports it. For non-stacked drivers, this should be * copied from blk_rq_pos(rq). */ if (error_sector) *error_sector = bio->bi_iter.bi_sector; bio_put(bio); return ret; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(blkdev_issue_flush); struct blk_flush_queue *blk_alloc_flush_queue(struct request_queue *q, int node, int cmd_size) { struct blk_flush_queue *fq; int rq_sz = sizeof(struct request); fq = kzalloc_node(sizeof(*fq), GFP_KERNEL, node); if (!fq) goto fail; if (q->mq_ops) spin_lock_init(&fq->mq_flush_lock); rq_sz = round_up(rq_sz + cmd_size, cache_line_size()); fq->flush_rq = kzalloc_node(rq_sz, GFP_KERNEL, node); if (!fq->flush_rq) goto fail_rq; INIT_LIST_HEAD(&fq->flush_queue[0]); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&fq->flush_queue[1]); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&fq->flush_data_in_flight); return fq; fail_rq: kfree(fq); fail: return NULL; } void blk_free_flush_queue(struct blk_flush_queue *fq) { /* bio based request queue hasn't flush queue */ if (!fq) return; kfree(fq->flush_rq); kfree(fq); }