How to use packet injection with mac80211 ========================================= mac80211 now allows arbitrary packets to be injected down any Monitor Mode interface from userland. The packet you inject needs to be composed in the following format: [ radiotap header ] [ ieee80211 header ] [ payload ] The radiotap format is discussed in ./Documentation/networking/radiotap-headers.txt. Despite many radiotap parameters being currently defined, most only make sense to appear on received packets. The following information is parsed from the radiotap headers and used to control injection: * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_FLAGS IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_FCS: FCS will be removed and recalculated IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_WEP: frame will be encrypted if key available IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_FRAG: frame will be fragmented if longer than the current fragmentation threshold. * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_TX_FLAGS IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_TX_NOACK: frame should be sent without waiting for an ACK even if it is a unicast frame * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_RATE legacy rate for the transmission (only for devices without own rate control) * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS HT rate for the transmission (only for devices without own rate control). Also some flags are parsed IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_SGI: use short guard interval IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_BW_40: send in HT40 mode * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DATA_RETRIES number of retries when either IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_RATE or IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS was used * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_VHT VHT mcs and number of streams used in the transmission (only for devices without own rate control). Also other fields are parsed flags field IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_VHT_FLAG_SGI: use short guard interval bandwidth field 1: send using 40MHz channel width 4: send using 80MHz channel width 11: send using 160MHz channel width The injection code can also skip all other currently defined radiotap fields facilitating replay of captured radiotap headers directly. Here is an example valid radiotap header defining some parameters 0x00, 0x00, // <-- radiotap version 0x0b, 0x00, // <- radiotap header length 0x04, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x00, // <-- bitmap 0x6c, // <-- rate 0x0c, //<-- tx power 0x01 //<-- antenna The ieee80211 header follows immediately afterwards, looking for example like this: 0x08, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x13, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x13, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x10, 0x86 Then lastly there is the payload. After composing the packet contents, it is sent by send()-ing it to a logical mac80211 interface that is in Monitor mode. Libpcap can also be used, (which is easier than doing the work to bind the socket to the right interface), along the following lines: ppcap = pcap_open_live(szInterfaceName, 800, 1, 20, szErrbuf); ... r = pcap_inject(ppcap, u8aSendBuffer, nLength); You can also find a link to a complete inject application here: http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Documentation/packetspammer Andy Green <andy@warmcat.com>