From b87cf63e2a5fbe3b368d5f5e5708e585b0fb3f84 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Denys Vlasenko Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2015 14:40:32 -0800 Subject: x86/asm/entry: Add comments about various syscall instructions SYSCALL/SYSRET and SYSENTER/SYSEXIT have weird semantics. Moreover, they differ in 32- and 64-bit mode. What is saved? What is not? Is rsp set? Are interrupts disabled? People tend to not remember these details well enough. This patch adds comments which explain in detail what registers are modified by each of these instructions. The comments are placed immediately before corresponding entry and exit points. Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski Cc: Alexei Starovoitov Cc: Borislav Petkov Cc: Frederic Weisbecker Cc: H. Peter Anvin Cc: Kees Cook Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Oleg Nesterov Cc: Thomas Gleixner Cc: Will Drewry Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/a94b98b63527797c871a81402ff5060b18fa880a.1424989793.git.luto@amacapital.net Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar --- arch/x86/ia32/ia32entry.S | 133 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------- 1 file changed, 83 insertions(+), 50 deletions(-) (limited to 'arch/x86/ia32') diff --git a/arch/x86/ia32/ia32entry.S b/arch/x86/ia32/ia32entry.S index e99f8a5be2df..b5670564a1fb 100644 --- a/arch/x86/ia32/ia32entry.S +++ b/arch/x86/ia32/ia32entry.S @@ -99,22 +99,25 @@ ENDPROC(native_irq_enable_sysexit) /* * 32bit SYSENTER instruction entry. * + * SYSENTER loads ss, rsp, cs, and rip from previously programmed MSRs. + * IF and VM in rflags are cleared (IOW: interrupts are off). + * SYSENTER does not save anything on the stack, + * and does not save old rip (!!!) and rflags. + * * Arguments: - * %eax System call number. - * %ebx Arg1 - * %ecx Arg2 - * %edx Arg3 - * %esi Arg4 - * %edi Arg5 - * %ebp user stack - * 0(%ebp) Arg6 - * - * Interrupts off. - * + * eax system call number + * ebx arg1 + * ecx arg2 + * edx arg3 + * esi arg4 + * edi arg5 + * ebp user stack + * 0(%ebp) arg6 + * * This is purely a fast path. For anything complicated we use the int 0x80 - * path below. Set up a complete hardware stack frame to share code + * path below. We set up a complete hardware stack frame to share code * with the int 0x80 path. - */ + */ ENTRY(ia32_sysenter_target) CFI_STARTPROC32 simple CFI_SIGNAL_FRAME @@ -128,6 +131,7 @@ ENTRY(ia32_sysenter_target) * disabled irqs, here we enable it straight after entry: */ ENABLE_INTERRUPTS(CLBR_NONE) + /* Construct iret frame (ss,rsp,rflags,cs,rip) */ movl %ebp,%ebp /* zero extension */ pushq_cfi $__USER32_DS /*CFI_REL_OFFSET ss,0*/ @@ -140,14 +144,19 @@ ENTRY(ia32_sysenter_target) pushq_cfi $__USER32_CS /*CFI_REL_OFFSET cs,0*/ movl %eax, %eax + /* Store thread_info->sysenter_return in rip stack slot */ pushq_cfi %r10 CFI_REL_OFFSET rip,0 + /* Store orig_ax */ pushq_cfi %rax + /* Construct the rest of "struct pt_regs" */ cld ALLOC_PT_GPREGS_ON_STACK SAVE_C_REGS_EXCEPT_R891011 - /* no need to do an access_ok check here because rbp has been - 32bit zero extended */ + /* + * no need to do an access_ok check here because rbp has been + * 32bit zero extended + */ ASM_STAC 1: movl (%rbp),%ebp _ASM_EXTABLE(1b,ia32_badarg) @@ -184,6 +193,7 @@ sysexit_from_sys_call: movl RIP(%rsp),%edx /* User %eip */ CFI_REGISTER rip,rdx RESTORE_RSI_RDI + /* pop everything except ss,rsp,rflags slots */ REMOVE_PT_GPREGS_FROM_STACK 3*8 xorq %r8,%r8 xorq %r9,%r9 @@ -194,6 +204,10 @@ sysexit_from_sys_call: popq_cfi %rcx /* User %esp */ CFI_REGISTER rsp,rcx TRACE_IRQS_ON + /* + * 32bit SYSEXIT restores eip from edx, esp from ecx. + * cs and ss are loaded from MSRs. + */ ENABLE_INTERRUPTS_SYSEXIT32 CFI_RESTORE_STATE @@ -274,23 +288,33 @@ ENDPROC(ia32_sysenter_target) /* * 32bit SYSCALL instruction entry. * + * 32bit SYSCALL saves rip to rcx, clears rflags.RF, then saves rflags to r11, + * then loads new ss, cs, and rip from previously programmed MSRs. + * rflags gets masked by a value from another MSR (so CLD and CLAC + * are not needed). SYSCALL does not save anything on the stack + * and does not change rsp. + * + * Note: rflags saving+masking-with-MSR happens only in Long mode + * (in legacy 32bit mode, IF, RF and VM bits are cleared and that's it). + * Don't get confused: rflags saving+masking depends on Long Mode Active bit + * (EFER.LMA=1), NOT on bitness of userspace where SYSCALL executes + * or target CS descriptor's L bit (SYSCALL does not read segment descriptors). + * * Arguments: - * %eax System call number. - * %ebx Arg1 - * %ecx return EIP - * %edx Arg3 - * %esi Arg4 - * %edi Arg5 - * %ebp Arg2 [note: not saved in the stack frame, should not be touched] - * %esp user stack - * 0(%esp) Arg6 - * - * Interrupts off. - * + * eax system call number + * ecx return address + * ebx arg1 + * ebp arg2 (note: not saved in the stack frame, should not be touched) + * edx arg3 + * esi arg4 + * edi arg5 + * esp user stack + * 0(%esp) arg6 + * * This is purely a fast path. For anything complicated we use the int 0x80 - * path below. Set up a complete hardware stack frame to share code - * with the int 0x80 path. - */ + * path below. We set up a complete hardware stack frame to share code + * with the int 0x80 path. + */ ENTRY(ia32_cstar_target) CFI_STARTPROC32 simple CFI_SIGNAL_FRAME @@ -306,7 +330,7 @@ ENTRY(ia32_cstar_target) * disabled irqs and here we enable it straight after entry: */ ENABLE_INTERRUPTS(CLBR_NONE) - ALLOC_PT_GPREGS_ON_STACK 8 + ALLOC_PT_GPREGS_ON_STACK 8 /* +8: space for orig_ax */ SAVE_C_REGS_EXCEPT_RCX_R891011 movl %eax,%eax /* zero extension */ movq %rax,ORIG_RAX(%rsp) @@ -320,9 +344,11 @@ ENTRY(ia32_cstar_target) /*CFI_REL_OFFSET rflags,EFLAGS*/ movq %r8,RSP(%rsp) CFI_REL_OFFSET rsp,RSP - /* no need to do an access_ok check here because r8 has been - 32bit zero extended */ - /* hardware stack frame is complete now */ + /* iret stack frame is complete now */ + /* + * no need to do an access_ok check here because r8 has been + * 32bit zero extended + */ ASM_STAC 1: movl (%r8),%r9d _ASM_EXTABLE(1b,ia32_badarg) @@ -355,8 +381,15 @@ sysretl_from_sys_call: TRACE_IRQS_ON movl RSP(%rsp),%esp CFI_RESTORE rsp + /* + * 64bit->32bit SYSRET restores eip from ecx, + * eflags from r11 (but RF and VM bits are forced to 0), + * cs and ss are loaded from MSRs. + * (Note: 32bit->32bit SYSRET is different: since r11 + * does not exist, it merely sets eflags.IF=1). + */ USERGS_SYSRET32 - + #ifdef CONFIG_AUDITSYSCALL cstar_auditsys: CFI_RESTORE_STATE @@ -394,26 +427,26 @@ ia32_badarg: jmp ia32_sysret CFI_ENDPROC -/* - * Emulated IA32 system calls via int 0x80. +/* + * Emulated IA32 system calls via int 0x80. * - * Arguments: - * %eax System call number. - * %ebx Arg1 - * %ecx Arg2 - * %edx Arg3 - * %esi Arg4 - * %edi Arg5 - * %ebp Arg6 [note: not saved in the stack frame, should not be touched] + * Arguments: + * eax system call number + * ebx arg1 + * ecx arg2 + * edx arg3 + * esi arg4 + * edi arg5 + * ebp arg6 (note: not saved in the stack frame, should not be touched) * * Notes: - * Uses the same stack frame as the x86-64 version. - * All registers except %eax must be saved (but ptrace may violate that) + * Uses the same stack frame as the x86-64 version. + * All registers except eax must be saved (but ptrace may violate that). * Arguments are zero extended. For system calls that want sign extension and * take long arguments a wrapper is needed. Most calls can just be called * directly. - * Assumes it is only called from user space and entered with interrupts off. - */ + * Assumes it is only called from user space and entered with interrupts off. + */ ENTRY(ia32_syscall) CFI_STARTPROC32 simple @@ -432,7 +465,7 @@ ENTRY(ia32_syscall) */ ENABLE_INTERRUPTS(CLBR_NONE) movl %eax,%eax - pushq_cfi %rax + pushq_cfi %rax /* store orig_ax */ cld /* note the registers are not zero extended to the sf. this could be a problem. */ -- cgit v1.2.3