From cd9e61ed1eebbcd5dfad59475d41ec58d9b64b6a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Davidlohr Bueso Date: Fri, 8 Sep 2017 16:14:36 -0700 Subject: rbtree: cache leftmost node internally Patch series "rbtree: Cache leftmost node internally", v4. A series to extending rbtrees to internally cache the leftmost node such that we can have fast overlap check optimization for all interval tree users[1]. The benefits of this series are that: (i) Unify users that do internal leftmost node caching. (ii) Optimize all interval tree users. (iii) Convert at least two new users (epoll and procfs) to the new interface. This patch (of 16): Red-black tree semantics imply that nodes with smaller or greater (or equal for duplicates) keys always be to the left and right, respectively. For the kernel this is extremely evident when considering our rb_first() semantics. Enabling lookups for the smallest node in the tree in O(1) can save a good chunk of cycles in not having to walk down the tree each time. To this end there are a few core users that explicitly do this, such as the scheduler and rtmutexes. There is also the desire for interval trees to have this optimization allowing faster overlap checking. This patch introduces a new 'struct rb_root_cached' which is just the root with a cached pointer to the leftmost node. The reason why the regular rb_root was not extended instead of adding a new structure was that this allows the user to have the choice between memory footprint and actual tree performance. The new wrappers on top of the regular rb_root calls are: - rb_first_cached(cached_root) -- which is a fast replacement for rb_first. - rb_insert_color_cached(node, cached_root, new) - rb_erase_cached(node, cached_root) In addition, augmented cached interfaces are also added for basic insertion and deletion operations; which becomes important for the interval tree changes. With the exception of the inserts, which adds a bool for updating the new leftmost, the interfaces are kept the same. To this end, porting rb users to the cached version becomes really trivial, and keeping current rbtree semantics for users that don't care about the optimization requires zero overhead. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170719014603.19029-2-dave@stgolabs.net Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso Reviewed-by: Jan Kara Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds --- Documentation/rbtree.txt | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+) (limited to 'Documentation') diff --git a/Documentation/rbtree.txt b/Documentation/rbtree.txt index b8a8c70b0188..c42a21b99046 100644 --- a/Documentation/rbtree.txt +++ b/Documentation/rbtree.txt @@ -193,6 +193,39 @@ Example:: for (node = rb_first(&mytree); node; node = rb_next(node)) printk("key=%s\n", rb_entry(node, struct mytype, node)->keystring); +Cached rbtrees +-------------- + +Computing the leftmost (smallest) node is quite a common task for binary +search trees, such as for traversals or users relying on a the particular +order for their own logic. To this end, users can use 'struct rb_root_cached' +to optimize O(logN) rb_first() calls to a simple pointer fetch avoiding +potentially expensive tree iterations. This is done at negligible runtime +overhead for maintanence; albeit larger memory footprint. + +Similar to the rb_root structure, cached rbtrees are initialized to be +empty via: + + struct rb_root_cached mytree = RB_ROOT_CACHED; + +Cached rbtree is simply a regular rb_root with an extra pointer to cache the +leftmost node. This allows rb_root_cached to exist wherever rb_root does, +which permits augmented trees to be supported as well as only a few extra +interfaces: + + struct rb_node *rb_first_cached(struct rb_root_cached *tree); + void rb_insert_color_cached(struct rb_node *, struct rb_root_cached *, bool); + void rb_erase_cached(struct rb_node *node, struct rb_root_cached *); + +Both insert and erase calls have their respective counterpart of augmented +trees: + + void rb_insert_augmented_cached(struct rb_node *node, struct rb_root_cached *, + bool, struct rb_augment_callbacks *); + void rb_erase_augmented_cached(struct rb_node *, struct rb_root_cached *, + struct rb_augment_callbacks *); + + Support for Augmented rbtrees ----------------------------- -- cgit v1.2.3