From a2abe7cbd8fe2db5ff386c968e2273d9dc6c468d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sami Tolvanen Date: Mon, 30 Nov 2020 15:34:41 -0800 Subject: scs: switch to vmapped shadow stacks The kernel currently uses kmem_cache to allocate shadow call stacks, which means an overflows may not be immediately detected and can potentially result in another task's shadow stack to be overwritten. This change switches SCS to use virtually mapped shadow stacks for tasks, which increases shadow stack size to a full page and provides more robust overflow detection, similarly to VMAP_STACK. Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen Acked-by: Will Deacon Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201130233442.2562064-2-samitolvanen@google.com Signed-off-by: Will Deacon --- include/linux/scs.h | 12 ++++----- kernel/scs.c | 71 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------- 2 files changed, 66 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-) diff --git a/include/linux/scs.h b/include/linux/scs.h index 6dec390cf154..2a506c2a16f4 100644 --- a/include/linux/scs.h +++ b/include/linux/scs.h @@ -15,12 +15,8 @@ #ifdef CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK -/* - * In testing, 1 KiB shadow stack size (i.e. 128 stack frames on a 64-bit - * architecture) provided ~40% safety margin on stack usage while keeping - * memory allocation overhead reasonable. - */ -#define SCS_SIZE SZ_1K +#define SCS_ORDER 0 +#define SCS_SIZE (PAGE_SIZE << SCS_ORDER) #define GFP_SCS (GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO) /* An illegal pointer value to mark the end of the shadow stack. */ @@ -33,6 +29,8 @@ #define task_scs(tsk) (task_thread_info(tsk)->scs_base) #define task_scs_sp(tsk) (task_thread_info(tsk)->scs_sp) +void *scs_alloc(int node); +void scs_free(void *s); void scs_init(void); int scs_prepare(struct task_struct *tsk, int node); void scs_release(struct task_struct *tsk); @@ -61,6 +59,8 @@ static inline bool task_scs_end_corrupted(struct task_struct *tsk) #else /* CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK */ +static inline void *scs_alloc(int node) { return NULL; } +static inline void scs_free(void *s) {} static inline void scs_init(void) {} static inline void scs_task_reset(struct task_struct *tsk) {} static inline int scs_prepare(struct task_struct *tsk, int node) { return 0; } diff --git a/kernel/scs.c b/kernel/scs.c index 4ff4a7ba0094..e2a71fc82fa0 100644 --- a/kernel/scs.c +++ b/kernel/scs.c @@ -5,26 +5,49 @@ * Copyright (C) 2019 Google LLC */ +#include #include #include #include -#include +#include #include -static struct kmem_cache *scs_cache; - static void __scs_account(void *s, int account) { - struct page *scs_page = virt_to_page(s); + struct page *scs_page = vmalloc_to_page(s); mod_node_page_state(page_pgdat(scs_page), NR_KERNEL_SCS_KB, account * (SCS_SIZE / SZ_1K)); } -static void *scs_alloc(int node) +/* Matches NR_CACHED_STACKS for VMAP_STACK */ +#define NR_CACHED_SCS 2 +static DEFINE_PER_CPU(void *, scs_cache[NR_CACHED_SCS]); + +static void *__scs_alloc(int node) { - void *s = kmem_cache_alloc_node(scs_cache, GFP_SCS, node); + int i; + void *s; + + for (i = 0; i < NR_CACHED_SCS; i++) { + s = this_cpu_xchg(scs_cache[i], NULL); + if (s) { + kasan_unpoison_vmalloc(s, SCS_SIZE); + memset(s, 0, SCS_SIZE); + return s; + } + } + + return __vmalloc_node_range(SCS_SIZE, 1, VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END, + GFP_SCS, PAGE_KERNEL, 0, node, + __builtin_return_address(0)); +} +void *scs_alloc(int node) +{ + void *s; + + s = __scs_alloc(node); if (!s) return NULL; @@ -34,21 +57,47 @@ static void *scs_alloc(int node) * Poison the allocation to catch unintentional accesses to * the shadow stack when KASAN is enabled. */ - kasan_poison_object_data(scs_cache, s); + kasan_poison_vmalloc(s, SCS_SIZE); __scs_account(s, 1); return s; } -static void scs_free(void *s) +void scs_free(void *s) { + int i; + __scs_account(s, -1); - kasan_unpoison_object_data(scs_cache, s); - kmem_cache_free(scs_cache, s); + + /* + * We cannot sleep as this can be called in interrupt context, + * so use this_cpu_cmpxchg to update the cache, and vfree_atomic + * to free the stack. + */ + + for (i = 0; i < NR_CACHED_SCS; i++) + if (this_cpu_cmpxchg(scs_cache[i], 0, s) == NULL) + return; + + vfree_atomic(s); +} + +static int scs_cleanup(unsigned int cpu) +{ + int i; + void **cache = per_cpu_ptr(scs_cache, cpu); + + for (i = 0; i < NR_CACHED_SCS; i++) { + vfree(cache[i]); + cache[i] = NULL; + } + + return 0; } void __init scs_init(void) { - scs_cache = kmem_cache_create("scs_cache", SCS_SIZE, 0, 0, NULL); + cpuhp_setup_state(CPUHP_BP_PREPARE_DYN, "scs:scs_cache", NULL, + scs_cleanup); } int scs_prepare(struct task_struct *tsk, int node) -- cgit v1.2.3 From ac20ffbb0279aae7be48567fb734eae7d050769e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sami Tolvanen Date: Mon, 30 Nov 2020 15:34:42 -0800 Subject: arm64: scs: use vmapped IRQ and SDEI shadow stacks Use scs_alloc() to allocate also IRQ and SDEI shadow stacks instead of using statically allocated stacks. Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen Acked-by: Will Deacon Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201130233442.2562064-3-samitolvanen@google.com [will: Move CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK check into init_irq_scs()] Signed-off-by: Will Deacon --- arch/arm64/kernel/Makefile | 1 - arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S | 6 ++-- arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c | 21 ++++++++++++++ arch/arm64/kernel/scs.c | 16 ----------- arch/arm64/kernel/sdei.c | 70 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ include/linux/scs.h | 4 --- 6 files changed, 94 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 arch/arm64/kernel/scs.c diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/Makefile b/arch/arm64/kernel/Makefile index bbaf0bc4ad60..86364ab6f13f 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/Makefile +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/Makefile @@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP) += crash_dump.o obj-$(CONFIG_CRASH_CORE) += crash_core.o obj-$(CONFIG_ARM_SDE_INTERFACE) += sdei.o obj-$(CONFIG_ARM64_PTR_AUTH) += pointer_auth.o -obj-$(CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK) += scs.o obj-$(CONFIG_ARM64_MTE) += mte.o obj-y += vdso/ probes/ diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S b/arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S index b295fb912b12..5c2ac4b5b2da 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S @@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ SYM_CODE_END(__swpan_exit_el0) #ifdef CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK /* also switch to the irq shadow stack */ - adr_this_cpu scs_sp, irq_shadow_call_stack, x26 + ldr_this_cpu scs_sp, irq_shadow_call_stack_ptr, x26 #endif 9998: @@ -1097,9 +1097,9 @@ SYM_CODE_START(__sdei_asm_handler) #ifdef CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK /* Use a separate shadow call stack for normal and critical events */ cbnz w4, 3f - adr_this_cpu dst=scs_sp, sym=sdei_shadow_call_stack_normal, tmp=x6 + ldr_this_cpu dst=scs_sp, sym=sdei_shadow_call_stack_normal_ptr, tmp=x6 b 4f -3: adr_this_cpu dst=scs_sp, sym=sdei_shadow_call_stack_critical, tmp=x6 +3: ldr_this_cpu dst=scs_sp, sym=sdei_shadow_call_stack_critical_ptr, tmp=x6 4: #endif diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c index 9cf2fb87584a..ac54c21140d4 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c @@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ #include #include #include +#include #include #include #include @@ -27,6 +28,25 @@ DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct nmi_ctx, nmi_contexts); DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long *, irq_stack_ptr); + +DECLARE_PER_CPU(unsigned long *, irq_shadow_call_stack_ptr); + +#ifdef CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK +DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long *, irq_shadow_call_stack_ptr); +#endif + +static void init_irq_scs(void) +{ + int cpu; + + if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK)) + return; + + for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) + per_cpu(irq_shadow_call_stack_ptr, cpu) = + scs_alloc(cpu_to_node(cpu)); +} + #ifdef CONFIG_VMAP_STACK static void init_irq_stacks(void) { @@ -54,6 +74,7 @@ static void init_irq_stacks(void) void __init init_IRQ(void) { init_irq_stacks(); + init_irq_scs(); irqchip_init(); if (!handle_arch_irq) panic("No interrupt controller found."); diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/scs.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/scs.c deleted file mode 100644 index e8f7ff45dd8f..000000000000 --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/scs.c +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ -// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 -/* - * Shadow Call Stack support. - * - * Copyright (C) 2019 Google LLC - */ - -#include -#include - -DEFINE_SCS(irq_shadow_call_stack); - -#ifdef CONFIG_ARM_SDE_INTERFACE -DEFINE_SCS(sdei_shadow_call_stack_normal); -DEFINE_SCS(sdei_shadow_call_stack_critical); -#endif diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/sdei.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/sdei.c index 7689f2031c0c..d12fd786b267 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/sdei.c +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/sdei.c @@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ #include #include #include +#include #include #include @@ -37,6 +38,14 @@ DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long *, sdei_stack_normal_ptr); DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long *, sdei_stack_critical_ptr); #endif +DECLARE_PER_CPU(unsigned long *, sdei_shadow_call_stack_normal_ptr); +DECLARE_PER_CPU(unsigned long *, sdei_shadow_call_stack_critical_ptr); + +#ifdef CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK +DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long *, sdei_shadow_call_stack_normal_ptr); +DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long *, sdei_shadow_call_stack_critical_ptr); +#endif + static void _free_sdei_stack(unsigned long * __percpu *ptr, int cpu) { unsigned long *p; @@ -90,6 +99,59 @@ static int init_sdei_stacks(void) return err; } +static void _free_sdei_scs(unsigned long * __percpu *ptr, int cpu) +{ + void *s; + + s = per_cpu(*ptr, cpu); + if (s) { + per_cpu(*ptr, cpu) = NULL; + scs_free(s); + } +} + +static void free_sdei_scs(void) +{ + int cpu; + + for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) { + _free_sdei_scs(&sdei_shadow_call_stack_normal_ptr, cpu); + _free_sdei_scs(&sdei_shadow_call_stack_critical_ptr, cpu); + } +} + +static int _init_sdei_scs(unsigned long * __percpu *ptr, int cpu) +{ + void *s; + + s = scs_alloc(cpu_to_node(cpu)); + if (!s) + return -ENOMEM; + per_cpu(*ptr, cpu) = s; + + return 0; +} + +static int init_sdei_scs(void) +{ + int cpu; + int err = 0; + + for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) { + err = _init_sdei_scs(&sdei_shadow_call_stack_normal_ptr, cpu); + if (err) + break; + err = _init_sdei_scs(&sdei_shadow_call_stack_critical_ptr, cpu); + if (err) + break; + } + + if (err) + free_sdei_scs(); + + return err; +} + static bool on_sdei_normal_stack(unsigned long sp, struct stack_info *info) { unsigned long low = (unsigned long)raw_cpu_read(sdei_stack_normal_ptr); @@ -138,6 +200,14 @@ unsigned long sdei_arch_get_entry_point(int conduit) return 0; } + if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK)) { + if (init_sdei_scs()) { + if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_VMAP_STACK)) + free_sdei_stacks(); + return 0; + } + } + sdei_exit_mode = (conduit == SMCCC_CONDUIT_HVC) ? SDEI_EXIT_HVC : SDEI_EXIT_SMC; #ifdef CONFIG_UNMAP_KERNEL_AT_EL0 diff --git a/include/linux/scs.h b/include/linux/scs.h index 2a506c2a16f4..18122d9e17ff 100644 --- a/include/linux/scs.h +++ b/include/linux/scs.h @@ -22,10 +22,6 @@ /* An illegal pointer value to mark the end of the shadow stack. */ #define SCS_END_MAGIC (0x5f6UL + POISON_POINTER_DELTA) -/* Allocate a static per-CPU shadow stack */ -#define DEFINE_SCS(name) \ - DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long [SCS_SIZE/sizeof(long)], name) \ - #define task_scs(tsk) (task_thread_info(tsk)->scs_base) #define task_scs_sp(tsk) (task_thread_info(tsk)->scs_sp) -- cgit v1.2.3 From eec3bf6861a8703ab63992578b1776353c5ac2a1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Will Deacon Date: Tue, 1 Dec 2020 11:24:16 +0000 Subject: arm64: sdei: Push IS_ENABLED() checks down to callee functions Handling all combinations of the VMAP_STACK and SHADOW_CALL_STACK options in sdei_arch_get_entry_point() makes the code difficult to read, particularly when considering the error and cleanup paths. Move the checking of these options into the callee functions, so that they return early if the relevant option is not enabled. Signed-off-by: Will Deacon --- arch/arm64/kernel/sdei.c | 30 ++++++++++++++++++------------ 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-) diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/sdei.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/sdei.c index d12fd786b267..118306a836f3 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/sdei.c +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/sdei.c @@ -61,6 +61,9 @@ static void free_sdei_stacks(void) { int cpu; + if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_VMAP_STACK)) + return; + for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) { _free_sdei_stack(&sdei_stack_normal_ptr, cpu); _free_sdei_stack(&sdei_stack_critical_ptr, cpu); @@ -84,6 +87,9 @@ static int init_sdei_stacks(void) int cpu; int err = 0; + if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_VMAP_STACK)) + return 0; + for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) { err = _init_sdei_stack(&sdei_stack_normal_ptr, cpu); if (err) @@ -137,6 +143,9 @@ static int init_sdei_scs(void) int cpu; int err = 0; + if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK)) + return 0; + for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) { err = _init_sdei_scs(&sdei_shadow_call_stack_normal_ptr, cpu); if (err) @@ -192,21 +201,14 @@ unsigned long sdei_arch_get_entry_point(int conduit) */ if (is_hyp_mode_available() && !is_kernel_in_hyp_mode()) { pr_err("Not supported on this hardware/boot configuration\n"); - return 0; + goto out_err; } - if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_VMAP_STACK)) { - if (init_sdei_stacks()) - return 0; - } + if (init_sdei_stacks()) + goto out_err; - if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK)) { - if (init_sdei_scs()) { - if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_VMAP_STACK)) - free_sdei_stacks(); - return 0; - } - } + if (init_sdei_scs()) + goto out_err_free_stacks; sdei_exit_mode = (conduit == SMCCC_CONDUIT_HVC) ? SDEI_EXIT_HVC : SDEI_EXIT_SMC; @@ -221,6 +223,10 @@ unsigned long sdei_arch_get_entry_point(int conduit) #endif /* CONFIG_UNMAP_KERNEL_AT_EL0 */ return (unsigned long)__sdei_asm_handler; +out_err_free_stacks: + free_sdei_stacks(); +out_err: + return 0; } /* -- cgit v1.2.3